Alkenes - a chemical izidakamizwa hydrocarbon nemvelo, ube yayo isakhiwo esisodwa isibopho double. Lezi zihlanganisa ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene nabanye. Ukusetshenziswa alkenes esivamile ezindaweni eziningi umkhakha, kanye emnothweni kazwelonke.
Ngenxa reactivity okusezingeni eliphezulu zezakhi ngesibopho esithile double, basuke kabanzi njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa for zamakhemikhali umkhakha. Cabanga isicelo alkenes ethylene isibonelo. Ethylene ukuma ekuqaleni le homologous uchungechunge alkenes esetshenziswa ngoba UKUKHIQIZA ethylene glycol, okuyinto okungukuthi bazabela esezisetshenzisiwe umkhiqizo zokwenziwa Imicu yotshani Dacron, antifreezes, iziqhumane. Indawo ebalulekile isicelo ufeza polymerization ethylene. It uyagijima ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezelwa. Polymerizing ethylene ukwakha polyethylene esetshenziswa njengesisekelo ukwenziwa zepulasitiki, zokwenziwa rubbers nophethiloli. Polyethylene macromolecules emfushane ukuphila kube mnandi kuphela ketshezi. Uma isibalo amayunithi molecule polyethylene izinkulungwane 1.5-3, khona-ke kungenzeka ukukhiqiza amaphakheji ifilimu, amabhodlela, izinto plastic. Ngokwandisa obuphelele uchungechunge emihlanu ukuba namakhulu ayisithupha polyethylene kuba liqinile, impahla, eliqinile kusukela lapho ekhiqizwa ipayipi nokufakwa. Of enye alkenes nazo okulungiselelwe polymerization of nezindwangu zokwenziwa. High amandla polypropylene anezakhi ethathwe propene.
Kumiswa, okuyinto esetshenziswa umuthi izinzwa wendawo. Benziwa ethylene ne-hydrogen chloride ETHYL chloride Ukusetshenziswa alkenes nayo ezihlobene ikhono lazo basabela ngamanzi ukwakha le alcohols. Ngakho, ngo-inqubo ethylene hydration ukuphendula etholwe utshwala ETHYL. Bathola ukusebenzisa kwakhe izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukukhiqizwa organic compounds, lacquers, epulasitikini futhi izimboni yezimonyo kusho oxide alkene, okuyinto akhiwa compounds nge isibopho double ngesikhathi namachibi umoya-mpilo emkhathini. Ngenxa yalokho kwalokho ukusabela alkenes futhi Halogen-haloalkanes okulungiselelwe. Ngakho, dichloroethane kusukela ethylene ibhalwe, elisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso kuphela ukuncibilikisa upende varnishes, decontaminating izinqolobane, inhlabathi, okusanhlamvu, futhi njengoba i-ingcina ukuze isibopho Plastics. Okuluhlaza material for the ukukhiqizwa acetic acid, ETHYL-benzene, styrene neminye ebalulekile okudayiswayo chemical compounds njengoba ethylene. izakhiwo Chemical ukunquma nobukhulu bayo kwesicelo njengesisekelo zonke lezi izinto. reactivity High ngenxa yokubakhona kwebhondi double. Ukwengezwa ukusabela alkenes kwenzeke isibopho double. Umphumela wokuqhekeka π-zokuxhumana nemfundo endaweni yalo emibili σ-izibopho.
Ukusetshenziswa alkenes akugcini ukusebenzisa kwakhe impahla eluhlaza for amaningi compounds. Ngokwesibonelo, ethylene isetshenziswa storages, futhi zokugcina ukusheshisa yokuvuthwa izithelo nemifino, kanye somthetho ekukhuleni kwezimila.