IL-96-400: incazelo, izici kanye nezici

IL-96-300 futhi IL-96-400, njengoba leli gama lisikisela - ezimbili yencwajana ndiza, adalwe abaklami Russian. Le nguqulo yesibili bekumele ewukuqhutshwa okunengqondo wokuqala, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ukuze uthole umshini ehluke ngokuphelele. Aircraft ingaphakathi kuhluke, imingcele lobuchwepheshe kanye indiza izici ... ukudalelwa.

Ekuqaleni, lezi kwakungezona imikhumbi ukuthutha abagibeli, ngokulandelana, ngo medium futhi olude. Kodwa manje imodeli 300 iyona kuphela lamabutho kamongameli mina-400 ... Eqinisweni, yonke into ukuze. Ukucaciswa, izici nezithombe IL-96-400 imodeli sicabanga.

indaba

Ekuqaleni kwawo-80 sika, okb Ilyushin athuthukile naphakathi-range izindiza, okuthiwa IL-86. Imoto wadalwa izindinganiso ezamukelwayo isikhathi. Ngokungafani ngaphambili 62 th futhi abanye ukuthuthukiswa Tupolev izinjini kukhona 86th phezu pylons ngaphansi kwamaphiko. Yona futhi le ndiza ububanzi-umzimba, kokuba yesimanje (ngesikhathi) motors nokulawula izinhlelo. Phakathi kokunye: ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele IL-62 yisikhathi, lo mshini can okwamanje.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80, kukhona idatha umgibeli izindiza IL-96. Lesi senzakalo kufanele futhi ezihlobene uhlobo ububanzi-umzimba, kodwa ukuba abe imoto eside hola. Ngesisekelo indiza entsha okufanele umkhonze 86, kodwa izichibiyelo ezifanele ngokuphathelene ijubane, ivolumu fuel amathangi, kanye nokwenzeka indiza eside. uvivinyo indiza yokuqala Kwakuseshwa 1988, njengoba ekukhiqizweni iqala ngo-1993. Ngo-2009, wamemezela decommissioning zokukhiqiza onobuhle efana ezingenathemba. Phakathi nale minyaka, izwe wabona ingqikithi 22 (ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo 28) umshini. Ukuqhubeka ukusebenza indiza ezisebenza e-Cuba, izinguqulo ambalwa Ushintshe esetshenziswa yezindiza "Russia" inkonzo abantu lokuqala isimo.

imodeli 300

Ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza serial imodeli entsha, okuyinto wathola Inkomba 300, lingena le "Aeroflot". Ukuze umshini ancintisane amabutho ehamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni "Boeing" futhi "Airbus", ithimba ukuthuthukiswa wathola uMklomelo State. Nakuba lokhu izindiza kwaba eshibhile, ephephile, futhi ngandlela-thile ngisho aphakeme nokuthuthukiswa American, abathwali yasekhaya ukuthenga "Boeing". Kulokhu, kushukunyiswe ukuthenga ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi athathe isimo engenangqondo kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi "Boeing" zezisebenzi ezimbili, emathathu kuloluya the Ile. Noma ukuthi "Boeing" ivikeleke kakhulu, nakuba umklamo yentuthuko test wethu luqobo saba ngenye indlela.

Ukucaciswa eningiliziwe izindiza IL-96-300 kuyinto cishe version efanayo 400, nje uqaphele ukuthi khona kwale umkhumbi ikuvumela ukuba "Aeroflot" ukwenza izindiza ngqo kusuka eMoscow kuya iliphi idolobha emazweni aseMelika, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ukuthwala abantu abangu-300 (odnosalonnaya layout).

Ukuzalwa 400

Iloli kuqala uhlelo kwaba IL-96T. Wazalwa ngo-1997 kohlaka sivumelwano Russian-American. Russia walungiselela glider, futhi amaMelika abahlinzeke 4 yenjini kusukela "Pratt & Whitney" (ezifana nokusebenzisa "777") kanye on-ebhodini Avionics kusukela Collins. Indiza iye kancane yinde fuselage, imishini wezimpahla, ngisho iye eqinisekisiwe ngezindinganiso American FAR25. Kodwa ekukhiqizeni okwengeziwe akazange aphume. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi simo kamuva kwakhiwa ngemaminithi ekucala 400. Esikhathini indiza esungulwe Avionics Russian kanye Russian izinjini efanayo.

imodeli 400

Ekuqaleni kwawo-developers ekhulwini ukukhulula liner ezingaba bangandiza km 500 okwengeziwe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthatha ebhodini kakade abantu 435. Kodwa isimo esinzima kwezezimali eRussia cishe aqede indiza ethwele abagibeli, kodwa ngesisekelo version yayo esivezwa ezokuthutha. Ukushintsha umgibeli, iminyango wezimpahla kunezelwa, futhi ngo-2007 ngesikhathi show emoyeni ubukisa ukuthuthukiswa elandelayo izinkampani Voronezh - IL-96-400T. Leli akulona ukuthuthukiswa entsha, kwazise izici ukusebenza zihlala zinjalo. Iminyaka emibili izindiza engenzi lutho, ukushintsha abanikazi, ezifana amagilavu, kodwa ngo-2009 imoto balithanda inkampani waseRussia "Flight" kanye nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili yokuqala emithathu ithunyelwa wakhe (ezimbili baye baqoqa ngaphambili, 2007 futhi yayikhona amasampula njengoba lokuhlola). Ngakho, kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kokusebenza wokusebenza ubhekwa 23 Apreli 2009. Karpov, umongameli we "Flight", uhlela ukwandisa inani imishini-6 izicucu, kodwa ngo-2013, esiphathiswa saziwa ungeke uzithole usuwile. Voronezh bahlangana indiza sesine, kodwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, engakaze wathenga yinkampani.

Kodwa inguqulo ukuthuthwa omunye umthengi nesithakazelo - Russian Air Force. Kuze kube manje, kukhona amahemuhemu 30 ezokuthutha izindiza kanye onobuhle eziningi 300. Abasebenzi abavela eMnyango Wezokuvikela ukuthi uhlelo aliveza iminyaka 10, ukuze uthole imoto wokugcina 2024.

uhlelo

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe enzima IL-96 usebhekene ukulungiswa eziningana. Ngaphezu amamodeli eziyisisekelo - 300 kuya kwangu-400, it wadedelwa ongakhetha embalwa nje, eziningi zazo noma siguqulelwa kwezinye izinguqulo, noma kwesokunxele njengoba prototype. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• IL-96T - sibonelo lokuqala yesimanje 400 imodeli. ikhophi kuphela lonke line, isikhathi esithile esasibhalwe imishini American.
• Il-96M - ikhophi sibonelo yesibili. Umehluko omkhulu kwaba fuselage yinde.
• Il-96-300 - umgibeli ububanzi-umzimba imodeli izindiza. Cishe engu-20 la amamodeli (ingqikithi izimoto 6 babe izilinganiso olungekho emthethweni, yenkampani-balance sheet) e inani elilinganiselwe basetshenziswa Aeroflot.
• IL-96-400 futhi 400T - ngokulandelana abagibeli kanye ezokuthutha imodeli izindiza. Noma kufika ku 92 amathani umthwalo, noma abantu abangaphezu kuka-400.
• IL-96-400TZ - imodeli kabusha kusuka enguqulweni yangaphambilini. Emathangini avuzayo banesithakazelo Russian Air Force. Kuyinto kule samuntu, imodeli 400 kuyalwa njengoba esikhundleni nalehleliwe IL-78.
• Il-96-550 - sibonelo double anesitezi izindiza. Analogue of the Boeing 747-400. Kuyoba ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa - ayikenziwa ezaziwayo.

Uhlu ngokuqondile kuhlanganisiwe eziningana onobuhle ryazryada "PU" (ukulawula iphuzu) lezi Ushintshe 300 kuya kwangu-400 onobuhle lapho niyiqembu ehlukile "Russia" Airlines kanye International Ukwahlukanisa okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "ebhodini №1"

Izici

indiza Russian IL-96-400 ubekade inqubo yokudala ngezici ezimbalwa lihlukaniswe nezinye izinkampani izindiza.

Aircraft ngamaloli, banesithakazelo lempi, eyisibonelo 'ezimbili kwelinye ". Engeziwe kaphethiloli amathangi ezibekwe kule fuselage, uxhumeke kwi-main uhlelo fuel futhi ukwazi ezinye izinhlu amathani 62 uphethiloli. Indiza kungaba ukuletha isitokwe at ibanga 3500 km. Uma kungekho isidingo refueling, kulula ukuba ibe esithwala abavamile. indiza banga ngeke zishintshe, kepha umthwalo kungenziwa wenyuselwa amathani 92.

Isici se-liner yesibili kuza ekuphepheni. 96th kwaba izindiza kuphela emhlabeni, elikwaziyo ahlale ngokuvamile, ngisho uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwazo zonke izinjini amane ebhodini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ecaleni lokuqala ngu isivivinyo pilot Russian. Uma indiza, cisha zonke 4 yenjini, okwathi ngemva kwalokho izindiza ngokuphephile batshala ngendlela evamile lokutshala.

umkhiqizo sebhithi

Ngezansi sicabangela nezinye izici kwemigomo izindiza IL-96-400. izici Kobuchwepheshe version yezokuthutha:

• obuphelele - 64 m;
• ukuphakama - 15, 7th;
• ububanzi - 6.1 m;
• namaphiko - 60,1m;
• iphiko endaweni - 392 sq. m;
• ukusuka isisindo (ubuningi) - 270 m;
• cruise isivinini - 850 km / h;
• ophahleni - 13.100 m;
• ububanzi - 10,000 m;
• Inkokhelo - 92 m;

• zihlalo umthamo - abantu 435 (i-nye ikilasi yokuhlala);
• Runway ukusuka - 2600m, zokutshala - 1980 m.

indiza ukuvinjelwa

Angikaze ngidle umlando indiza futhi akukho yesikhashana, kodwa nokho alethwe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ukuze abathwali isiRashiya, ukuvinjelwa izindiza. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa ngenxa isigigaba esenzeka ngo-Agasti 2005, lapho Ukuhamba Finnish ibhodi kamongameli yehlulekile ukuthola ijubane kudingekile ukuhlala ngokuhlukana. Ngokusho umklami abakhulu, isinqumo kwakungekho emthethweni. Iqiniso lokuthi IL-96-400 Izici zifaka ukwehluleka okungenzeka amayunithi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Hydraulics has inqolobane okweqa ukusetshenziswa izikhathi 4. Lokhu reserve kuyoba okwanele ukuba silondoloze imodi evamile okusithiyayo kubo bonke isondo 12 umkhumbi, ngisho nalapho uhlelo ehluleka on amasondo elilodwa noma amabili. Umsebenzi wawo ngeke ukushintshela kolunye.

isiphetho

Ukuze uthole izizathu eziningi indiza IL-96-400, eklanyelwe ekuqaleni njengoba airliner eside hola, sawela empini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa abagibeli esidlule, BBC ekhiqizwa emshinini ongenza imisebenzi amaningi: kusukela Transporter ezivamile ukuhambisana izindiza. Kungenjalo isimo samanje, izinyoni steel lalindiza endaweni elaliyiSoviet Union ngo amabanga kanye nephakathi nendawo. Phela, sonke umugqa 96 ekuqaleni yakhelwe indawo izimoto ezimbili: IL-86 futhi IL-62.