Isimo kwemizwa. ukuhlolwa Neurologic

Isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, futhi ukhuthaza lithathelwe umzimba ngemibandela ethile. It kuncike Isebenza umzimba ngokuvamile, kanye nokuxhumana womuntu imvelo. udokotela ngamunye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze bakwazi ukunquma isimo zezinzwa nesineke. Kuyini futhi kanjani isifundo yayo, khulumisana olwengeziwe.

Kungani kubalulekile ukunquma isimo

Okokuqala, lapho esebenzelana nesizwe isiguli udokotela kufanele sinake ngokuziphatha kwakhe okuhle, ukusabela kanye isimo jikelele engqondo. Ikakhulukazi uma isiguli ungeniswe ukuhlukumezeka noma eziphuthumayo ukunakekelwa okubangelwa eduze. Udokotela ukunquma, okokuqala kunakho konke, isimo ingqondo, ngoba lokhu kuncike kakhulu yokwelapha babelwe esikhathini esizayo. It bahlola isimo zezinzwa isiguli, udokotela ivumela yena ukuba linqume ukwelashwa ezokwenza ngcono ekusebenzeni kobuchopho futhi sandise amathuba okuba umphumela ube muhle.

pupillary asabela ngayo ukukhanya akwanele ukusetha isimo zezinzwa. Njengamanje, scheme ukuthi ihlola ubuchopho, kusukela ezinye izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa. Misa isimo kungenziwa iphendulwe isikhungo ezikhethekile zokuxilonga. Esesizokuhlola ukuthi ungasetha kanjani isimo.

inhlolovo Primary nesineke

Isimo esiyinhloko uphenyo ngendlela efanele isimo izinzwa - yikhono udokotela ukuqhathanisa izimpawu izimpawu ezindaweni ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa.

Ngesikhathi ukuxilongwa okwejwayelekile, udokotela kufanele akhombise zokungenelela kungakonakali kanjalo thola lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukusungula idatha nesineke: igama, elibamba okuthunyelwe;
• ulalele izikhalo ubekezele;
• ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kwakukhona niphele amandla, noma ukuquleka;
• ngezikhalo ikhanda njalo futhi lokho abanakho uhlamvu, lapho zitholakala, ukuthola ukuthi yini kwabangela ubuhlungu, okuyinto elalihambisana izimpawu;
• odinga ukukwazi kulokho oda eba ubuhlungu noma ukuhlaselwa, kuba ivuselela;
• ukuthola ukuthi yini imishanguzo eyenziwa ngaphambili, asetshenziselwa yini izidakamizwa nendlela yokuthatha isinyathelo kogulayo.

Futhi ukubhala isimo zezinzwa luzobandakanya ubulili, nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ikakhulukazi esikhathini perinatal , kodwa nalapho, kukhona ezinye lezinceku izifo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa.

Sekukonke luhlolo nesineke

Ukufaka isimo esithinta izinzwa, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela interview isiguli, kodwa futhi ngokucophelela ukuyihlola. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiguli kufanele kube ukuba akhumule izingubo zawo.

Khona-ke hlola isimo isikhumba, umbala wabo. Ukukala izinga lokushisa komzimba. Phawula khona izibazi, iminonjana imijovo. Kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi uhlobo nesineke: astenik, hypersthenics, normastenik. Ingabe ikhona ukukhuluphala noma mncane ngokweqile.

Ngokulandelayo, kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo futhi palpation ekhanda. Ukugubha ezakheke, wesimethri futhi khona imihuzuko. Kuyadingeka ukuba banake uphawu izilonda ezibuhlungu. Hlola imithambo yesikhashana, ukuhlola isimo sabo. Ukuze ukuhlola izinhlamvu zamehlo futhi uketshezi kusukela ekhaleni nezindlebe, uma zikhona.

Examination yomgogodla wesibeletho nomgogodla

On luhlolo, sinake isikhundla entanyeni zomphakathi ikhanda nentamo. Thyroid, carotid lemithambo lymph node siphenywa, palpating. I Umthambo carotid futhi subclavian ukuhlola imali auscultation. Anqume ithoni nentamo uma Lhermitte uphawu kuba. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe wenziwa esifubeni esiswini.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilongwa okujuli- sokukhubazeka komgogodla. Nakani tinhlobo letehlukene deformity umgogodla, ukunikeza ukulinganisa ukuhamba amathambo, le Itshekisela nesineke bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, ukucacisa degree of imisipha futhi ubuhlungu, futhi isimo amathambo lumbar.

Ukusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokuhlolwa umsebenzi izinzwa cranial

Kubalulekile kakhulu ekuhloleni isimo zezinzwa ukuhlola ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Kuyadingeka ukuba sehlukanise esephule pathologies emsebenzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka uhlole indlela yokunquma elandelayo:

• ukwazi;
• ikhono ukuzulazula;
• ukuthola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ukunakwa, inkumbulo;
• ukucacisa ukuthi umuntu ukuxhumana, yini inkulumo yakhe;
• ukwazi ukuthi isiguli ukwazi ukulandela ukulandelana;
• hlola ukuthi zikhona izimpawu agnosia.

Incazelo isimo neurologic ayikwazi ukundlula ukuhlaziywa nezinzwa cranial. Kukhona ngazimbili 12 kuphela.

Ngamunye wabo unesibopho umsebenzi othile. Izinzwa sezinzwa (1, 2, 8 ngazimbili) banesibopho ukuzwela kwesikhumba buso, emehlo, umlomo, nasopharynx. Motor 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, ngazimbili 12 obhekene ukuhamba zamehlo, i-izicubu ezithile ebusweni, ulimi, ulwanga, futhi amalaka. Mixed 5, 9, 10 namabhuzu nezinzwa obhekene motor futhi umsebenzi sezinzwa. Lena emsipheni trigeminal, glossopharyngeal futhi nezinzwa vagus.

Kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, lapho hlola isebenze nezinzwa cranial.

Ukuhlolwa motor umsebenzi futhi elisheshayo

Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwemisipha. Kuyadingeka ukuba sihlole imisipha ithole ibhande ehlombe, ukucacisa ithoni bese wesimethri of imisipha njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha.

Kulokhu, eziningi ukuhlolwa ukuhlola motor impendulo, ukuhlola isimo zezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo: Endabeni isikhundla lisalele isiguli kuphakamisa kwedolo, lapho kudingeka ukuba bagcine ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yezingalo nemilenze aphansi kunqunywa eguqa ngamadolo, kuhlanganise nalabo ababezoba we isithupha. Imile ngamehlo akhe uvalwe ivaliwe futhi isiguli uyabuzwa ukuba baphakamise izandla, ukwelula izintende zibheke phezulu. amandla Muscle kungaba ihlolwe ngokubuza isiguli kudingeke bahambe ezinyathelweni zakhe namazwani.

Neurologic ukuhlolwa ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ekuhloleni wokudidiyela nesineke. Gait uhlolwa ukubambisana isiguli sakhe, motor imisebenzi. zisebenzisa Ngakho ukuhlolwa ezinhle: isiguli kudingeka kuthinte ichopho ekhaleni futhi ichopho umunwe ne ukunemba eliphakeme.

Zonke izenzo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha. Uma lokhu bayonikina izandla noma cha ukushaya ilitshe - lena anomaly.

Ukukala ikhaliphe uma kudingeka. Basuke ihlukaniswe umsipha ezijulile ngokukhululeka kwamaciko.

I asymmetry of ingqondo noma okusithiyayo kusikisela umonakalo izimpande emsipheni noma izinzwa neuropathy. Kamuva, kokuvakashela isikhungo zokuxilonga, it kungaqinisekiswa ngokuqhuba izifundo luhlolo wezinsimbi.

kokuhlaziywa Ukuzwela nokuhlolwa autonomic nervous system

ukulinganisela Ukudideka, wokuqonda la maqiniso alandelayo:

• uma kukhona ubuhlungu;
• ubunjalo ubuhlungu;
• indawo kanye nesikhathi;
• lokho izimpawu ezihambisana ubuhlungu yini izenzo zakhe buthaka;
• izenzo emenza neziqubu ubuhlungu.

Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwenziwa ukunquma ukuzwela. Hlola ukuzwela adingekayo amaphuzu ziyalingana kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele. Ukuze uthole ukucwaningwa ezijulile ukuhlola isimo receptor ezijulile futhi ebusweni.

Kuhlola imisebenzi autonomic kwenziwa kancane ngesikhathi ngemibuzo isiguli, ngesisekelo izikhalazo zakhe. Ukuze zihlolisisa ezijulile kohlelo autonomic, ke wenza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa kule sikhundla lisalele, emva kwemizuzu 3 emi;
• kulinganiswa kwenhliziyo;
• Ukuhlola kwenziwe nge ukudonsa umoya;
• avivinye phezu reactivity nge ingcindezi ku zamehlo;
• palpates isikhumba ngokuchaza ukujuluka, iodine ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo;
• ayephuli ukuchama palpate esiswini, uma kunesidingo, lenze ucwaningo wezinsimbi.

cwaningo nesineke equlekile

Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola isimo zezinzwa esiguli, nxa ekhona isimo comatose. Kuyadingeka ukuba banake lezi zinto ezilandelayo: ukuhlola ukusebenza umgudu wokuphefumula kwegazi, ukunquma we ikhoma ukujula, futhi imbangela engene esesimweni esinjalo, ukuhlola isiguli ekulimaleni, hlola ikhaliphe.

Zonke izenzo udokotela kufanele okuhloswe ngazo ngokusindisa ukuphila lesiguli, ngakho lapho ekuhloleni isimo zezinzwa izenzo ukubhekana nezimo ezisongela ukuphila ngokuhlanganyela olwenziwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo kungcono ukuthumela isiguli Neurology Centre. Kube uyosingatha luhlolo egcwele.

Isimo zezinzwa wengane

Isici nokuhlola isimo zezinzwa wengane ukuthi akakwazi ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo futhi ukuphendula imibuzo. Kodwa udokotela ungenza ukuhlolwa efanele, ngokubuka indlela ingane, ngokusho unina, futhi ukuhlolwa afanele ukunyakaza futhi elisheshayo.

Ukunakwa kufanele zikhokhelwe wesimethri yezingalo nemilenze, skull umumo kanye nosayizi, ibala lesikhumba. Kubalulekile ukuhlola isegazini reflex ukuphendula. Uma befika lapho, futhi kanjani kuvetwa, njengoba nalezi zindlela zokusabela zinezikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesimo ingane. Endabeni ngeziphambeko kusukela kuyinsakavukela ekunqumeni isimo kwengane zezinzwa ingadlulisela ukuhlola okunzulu e Neurology isikhungo.

Isimiso sezinzwa main umyalo isikhungo emzimbeni ukusebenza kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho isimo somuntu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba athathe zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze silondoloze ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile.