Omakalabha nezigqoko umkhosi: incazelo, izinhlobo kanye nezici

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, amaqhawe esetshenziswa ekhethekile steel isigqoko sivikela ikhanda. Basuke unomsebenzi amabutho Yuliya Tsezarya, amaSkithe Knights ephakathi eYurophu. Isicelo zayo ezibanzi nesigqoko steel got in Kievan Rus ', lapho athi emelelwa ezihlukahlukene ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo.

Esikhathini sethu, ukuvikela phakathi izimpi izigqoko behlala ndawonye bengashadile akusashiwo wabhekisela steel nangesigqoko njengoba. Namuhla, igama alisetshenziswa. nezigqoko yamanje aziwa abathengi njengoba nezigqoko. Military bakha amaphesenti enkulu bonke abasebenzisi lolu hlobo headgear. Ngaphandle kwalezi, nezigqoko, namabhantshi kukhona abavukuzi basezimayini, izisebenzi zokwakha, amaphoyisa, izicishamlilo namalungu emidlalweni eyingozi.

Kanjani umqondo wegama elithi "nesigqoko '?

hat Special aklanyelwe ukuvikela inhloko iqhawe ngesikhathi belwa, ekuqaleni ngokuthi isigqoko sokuzivikela. Njengoba kuliragelo zempi, futhi owayenesandla ezensimbi, umyalo lempi kwahlanganiswa isethi esezingeni ukulwa ngaphansi igama elisemthethweni "steel nesigqoko 'futhi waqaphela njengoba izindlela eziphumelelayo ekuvikeleni leli sosha ngabanye.

Njengoba sekunama-ahlukahlukene izinhlobo amabutho kanye nekwentiwa ncono izikebhe lempi babé yesimanje nezigqoko. Imikhiqizo abe ukuma Dome. Steel esetshenziswa ukwenza kubo. Kodwa umlando uyazi amasampula eyenziwe wawungathi futhi lesikhumba izakhiwo zokuzivikela ahlinzeke inqwaba unamathisele kubo metal izakhi. Ngenxa yokuba khona izingxenye steel umqhele elihlobene ne yensimbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwaba khona izwi kuwusizo kakhudlwana "nesigqoko ', okuyinto ngesiLatini kusho" isigqoko sensimbi. "

kudivayisi nezigqoko

iminyaka Omakalabha impi ibilokhu isihloko lokucwaninga mlando nabavubukuli abaye balitadishisise zonke izici isakhiwo kanye yokuzivikela siqu sesosha njalo, kusetshenziswa kakhulu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukucwaninga kososayensi kuveza ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko ukwakhiwa isigqoko zokuzivikela amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ayizange ithuthuke. Izinguquko nomthelela amafomu. It kwakuxhomeke ukuthuthukiswa yezikhali nezikhali kuhlaselwa okuyinto waphoqeleka ukuvikela.

Ngenxa ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza womshini nezigqoko zensimbi. Kwakumelwe mncane zethusi noma ithusi ishidi, okuzokwenza ekugcineni indawo ngensimbi noma insimbi. Lokho nesigqoko ngothayela esetshenziswa zonke izimpi zezwe kanye neminyaka engu-80 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili. Kamuva nezigqoko lempi nezigqoko steel ekhiqizwa kusuka amamaterial njenge-titanium, Kevlar, indwangu polymers, titanium kwakwakhe aluminium.

Isigqoko kwangaphakathi imelelwa ekhethekile kudivayisi lesikhumba ucezu, abethela esebenzisa izipikili circumferentially engxenyeni engezansi kwangaphakathi kwe-athikili. Le ngxenye yisigqoko ibizwa ngokuthi "tuleyka". It amagatsha off nge Slots ku amaningi amacembe exhunyiwe lace. Imisebenzi esemqoka ukuthi enze tuleyka futhi amacembe:

• Olinganiselayo ukulingana yisigqoko ekhanda lakhe;
• nokuvinjelwa ikhanda ukuxhumana uthayela we nesigqoko sokuzivikela;
• ukunqandwa of umthelela force doti namatshe ngaphandle kukamakalabha.

Modern nezigqoko lempi mnandi futhi ephephile isosha, ngoba amacembe aqukethe unamathisele kubo eminye ngcono umsungulo we pads Foam noma isikhumba.

ithonya imfashini

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusukela legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya ukuba Knights European lamasosha Ephakathi ayematasa esetshenziswa nezigqoko. imisebenzini yezempi leyo minyaka Kwakuseshwa ngamandla, futhi sikhulu kakhulu isidingo headgear esivikelayo sasiphezu enkulu ikakhulukazi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, aqala ukuwuthwala izigqoko kanye umsebenzi ngenxa yobuhle. Kube imfashini ngezigqoko enhle. ukuvikeleka kuyi esebohlile ubala. Omakalabha baxoshwa izigqoko ngezimpaphe, shakos namakepisi oluhle lacquered visors.

Isigqoko sokuzivikela French

isinyathelo sezempi e-kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala emseleni uhlamvu ezigugile. Amatshe babé amasosha olungavikelekile ikhanda. ukunyakaza abanganaki kanye emseleni engozini yokulimala okubucayi noma ekufeni. ikhanda Naked kwaba endaweni ababuthakathaka ngokudubula isibhamu noma isibhamu, ngoba eziyingozi futhi Landmines. Ngokokuqala ngqá kule minyaka futhi wakhumbuza ephezulu nezigqoko ukusebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimfashini ngezigqoko amahle umgodla yadlula, futhi ngezinye inkonzo yisigqoko emuva futhi.

Military eFrance zathathwa ngowokuqala ahlome entsha, onobuhle okuthuthukile. imikhiqizo French aqukethe tincenye letintsatfu: i-hood, isiketi kanye ikamu. "Adriana" - yigama olusemthethweni inikezwe isigqoko sokuzivikela. lempi French ngo-1915 igcwele imikhiqizo yokuphepha idatha, okuyinto kakhulu ziyancipha ekulahlekelweni ukwakheka siqu yempi. 13% kanye nokushona encishisiwe 30% nokuncipha inani olimele. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, le nezigqoko French esetshenziswa amasosha e-England, i-Russia, e-Italy, Romania nasePortugal.

isiZulu nangesigqoko

Ubuholi lempi England akazange aneliseke yisigqoko French "U-Adrian." Kwanqunywa ukuba adale version ayo nezigqoko lempi. Umthuthukisi we enjalo umkhiqizo nokuvikeleka kwakunguJohane Leopold Brodie ezathatha njengesisekelo ephakathi isigqoko Cappellini, kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngamasosha esikhathini kusukela nanye ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Isigqoko ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa lokuqala steel nesigqoko 'futhi amelwe tselnoshtampovannyh umkhiqizo ngenhloso komphetho ububanzi.

Leli fomu kukamakalabha kwaba usizo kakhulu umsele yokulwa empini yasendle wadala umphumela isambulela, bebalekela falling amatshe avela ngenhla. Kodwa lokhu imodeli kwaba ungakhululekile lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba kuhlasela, ngenxa kokwehla yayo ekhanda lakhe eyenziwa eliphezulu kakhulu futhi akazange ukuvikela izingxenye yesikhashana futhi occipital ekhanda. Kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo yokusilela, English Brodie nangesigqoko kwavunyelwana amabutho Canada, e-United States nase-Australia ngo-.

Le nguqulo German kukamakalabha

Ngokungafani namanye amazwe, Germany kuze 1916 akuyona esichithwa ekukhiqizeni, ngokusho kongoti bayo, ongaphakeme-ebangeni yekhwalithi ephansi nezigqoko. gunsmiths wakhe ku Hannover wahlanganyela design umkhiqizo izinga ngempela. Ngo-1916, eJalimane wabona abadumile nangesigqoko Stahihelm, kamuva owaba iwuphawu isosha laseJalimane, njengoba lisetshenziswe phakathi nezimpi ezimbili zomhlaba.

Isigqoko sokuzivikela German kakhulu baphakame ngokuya lula kanye izimfanelo ayisivikelo onobuhle French nesiNgisi. Sici design sici Stahihelm nangesigqoko kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa a izimpondo steel ezindaweni yesikhashana. Sinenkosi imisebenzi eminingana:

• enikeziwe ikhava izimbobo umoya omncane in the nesigqoko sokuzivikela;
• iziqobosho eyenziwa ekhethekile isihlangu armored evikela inhloko, lathi isosha laseJalimane kusukela hit ngqo of isibhamu izibhamu nezinhlamvu zesibhamu.

Naphezu ukungabi khona amaphutha umklamo wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, inguqulo-German kukamakalabha akuqinisekisi ukuphepha eliphelele izisebenzi. Nakuba izigqoko kanye ayeba oqondile ichashazi hit, kodwa akazange anikeze ukuphepha wesibeletho amathambo isosha. Blows lapho hit e yisigqoko ayengenayo imithetho enjalo amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi abalimele amathambo wesibeletho. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kuhilelani ukufa. Ukuze uthuthukise kulesi simo akuphazamisi yokuthi amandla nomthelela ngaleso hit ngqo ukumelana yisigqoko ngokwayo ngokuphepha.

imodeli ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet

zempi steel ingxubevange esetshenziswa ukwenziwa nezigqoko e-USSR. Imodeli Soviet ukuthi uqambe NL-39 liwumkhiqizo Isisindo 1.25 kg. Izindonga waba ukushuba 1.9 mm. Omakalabha ukuhlolwa yayiqhutshelwa mathupha S. M. Budennym futhi wanikeza yi ezinhle. Imodeli Soviet wakwazi ukumelana hit ngqo kusuka ibanga amamitha ayishumi kude ichashazi isibhamu, "Revolver."

Ngo-1940, i-NL-39 usebhekene sesimanje. Tuleyka Mans ezengeziwe ezizibeni, pads namanetha. NL-40 - yigama olusemthethweni inikezwe yisigqoko eziphambili. izinguquko ezalandela nezinqubo ezintsha enziwa ngo-1954 futhi ngo-1960. Umphumela uye waba ukuvela nezigqoko entsha NL-54 futhi NL-60, izinguquko abathintekayo tuleyki kuphela. Isakhiwo ngokwaso awuzange ushintshe kusukela ngo-1939.

Okuthuthukisiwe imodeli esikoleni

ekupheleni enkulu ye-NL-39 yadalwa 1968. Yesimanje wayeyizwa ifomu ukuthi kwadingeka isigqoko sokuzivikela. Military imodeli Russian manje zinezinhlobonhlobo emthambekeni anda odongeni okuqondile Dome futhi izinhlangothi emifushane engonxantathu olubonakalayo. Ukuze womshini awo wasebenzisa izembatho zesosha ingxubevange ngamandla enkulu. Emthambekeni odongeni frontal kwaqinisa ukumelana nezigqoko nge eziyingozi hits.

Ofanayo ukwakhiwa nangesigqoko ukusetshenziswa Staffing wokuthi abasebenzi bayo China, North Korea, Russia, India nase-Vietnam.

Omunye ephumelela kunazo nezigqoko lempi esetshenziswa wevikeleko Russian ezibhekwa:

• NL-68 M yakhelwe amabutho yangaphakathi;
• NL-68 N esetshenziswa amabutho Russian Federation.

Bobabili ongakhetha babe tuleyki yesimanje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isisindo lezi nezigqoko emhlabeni amakhilogremu amabili, bahlangana ekilasini lokuqala ukumelana nawe, ngoba bayakwazi ukumelana hit ngqo nge izinhlamvu ezivela isibhamu Makarov imfucumfucu flying ngesivinini 400 m / s, isisindo okuyinto ingeqi eyodwa igremu.

Modern nangesigqoko Russian

Isigqoko TSS-81 "Sphere", kusukela ngo-1981, futhi isasetshenziswa amasosha sangaphakathi Russian Federation.

Ukuze kukhiqizwe yayo izindlu titanium ipuleti ukujiya 0.3 cm sathathwa. Isigqoko ukala 2.3 kg, futhi isetshenziswa kuphela ukuze bazivikele ukulimala lokukhanda. Uhlangana ekilasini lesibili, ngoba akuqinisekisi ukuvikelwa nezibhamu. Dome isakhiwo liyisici ezintathu armored eziqukethwe nesembozo ekhethekile.

Isigqoko "Sphere" kuyinto ukuguqulwa "Sphere-II", eyabuyiselwa titanium armored amapuleti steel, okuyinto kakhulu anda isisindo imodeli (3.5 kg). Ububi ukungabi isakhiwo lilonke. Okungenzeka ukuhlukumezeka craniocerebral. Ezimweni Special armored titanium noma steel izakhi uzokhathala ngokushesha. Lokhu kuholela ukufuduka yabo futhi aphansi zokuzivikela izimfanelo nesigqoko sokuzivikela.

Indlela yokwenza isigqoko ezempi?

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuthola izinto ezidingekayo. Eyesibili isinyathelo - ukwenza umdwebo, lapho nezigqoko lempi izokwakhiwa. izandla zabo ukwenza kube akunzima. Kungcono uma yisigqoko kuyodingeka umumo eyindilinga. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa amandla okubhubhisa phezu umthelela. Ukuncela noma kakhulu ukunciphisa usizo kanye pad.

Isisekelo nezigqoko zingenziwa ngokhuni noma slug ibhola izingane iphathwa Gypsum binders kanye epoxy resin kanye hardener. Ngemva lukhuni usimende Uhlaka ubhekwa ngomumo, futhi ungakwazi ukususa disc.

Munye walemisebenti eyenziwa nangesigqoko, iyona ukuhanjiswa nethonya layo yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, indaba for udonga lwangaphandle kufanele ibe inkomba eliphezulu amandla futhi ubunzima. Ideal polyurethane foam. amandla ayo eqine kwaba 5 kg / cm ^2, okubenza babe ukumuncwa ephumelela kakhulu umthelela. Ungasebenzisa fiberglass, okuyinto izingqimba eziningana unamathisele phezu yisigqoko kanye elingenamikhono nge epoxy resin. Ngemva lukhuni, resin ngokweqile nge spatula ziyasuswa kanye ingilazi okusele bafa ngommese.

Engxenyeni engaphakathi yisigqoko kufanele ibe amabhlogo Foam, okwandisa isivikelo uhlevane. Banamathele nge ingcina. Kunconywa ukuba benze kanjalo ngemva ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukuthi kwakungekho emaqaqasini imigodi nangesigqoko, igwebu amabhlogo akudingeki acindezele endaweni yesikhashana.

Emabhuloki e-occipital futhi frontal izingxenye ethe njo kuze kube sekugcineni. Bona ukuvimbela displacement kungenzeka kukamakalabha ngu umthelela. Uma kukhona voids e yisigqoko, zisuthe ngokuhle izingcezu Foam. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukunamathisela ngaphakathi, ogibele nge ngezikulufo kanye washers ekhethekile kokungathembeki ukuwuthukulula.

The touch sokugcina kuyoba yokudweba nezigqoko okuzenzela. Ungasebenzisa i aerosol noma nitro nitroenamels. Kodwa kungakenzeki lokho, ebusweni umkhiqizo alunge nitrogruntovkoy yezimoto.

I nemibi nezigqoko self-ezenziwe, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto ukuntula ukushisa futhi ngimpofu permeability acoustic.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale udinga ukuqonda ukuthi isigqoko akuqinisekisi ukuphepha ikhanda, kuphela ithambisa buhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okumqoka ungamandla umthelela. Kulokhu-ke amandla eyakhiwe cishe 25 J. Lokhu umkhawulo sokukhuthazela womuntu, ukulahlekelwa kwayo okwedlula ukwazi ukubhekana nemiphumela enqala ngaphezulu.