Ancient ziyalungiswa: isithombe

Uma ukuvikelwa ekuhlaseleni izitha emhlabeni emadolobheni lasendulo waqala ukwakha izindonga, yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi negalelo ukuvela lokushaya izikhali, injongo eyinhloko okwakukhona - ukuyiyeka le izindonga. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuvela izinqama

Kukholakala ukuthi ziyalungiswa wokuqala yasungulwa amakhosi waseCarthage - Paferasmenom futhi Gerasim. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-mayelana 500 m-BC. e., abaseCarthage futhi wathi sasisebenza ngesikhathi livinjezelwe Gadis (Cádiz), idolobha eSpain. Zithanda noma zingathandi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkosi ram nabasunguli kuqala, akekho ongasho ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa izazi-mlando zangaleso sikhathi, echaza ukuvinjezelwa eCarthage, okukhulunywe ngaye njengoba ziyalungiswa yasetshenziselwa kanye nakwezinye izinjini lokuvimbezela.

Amathuluzi lokuqala

Ancient ziyalungiswa ukuze baphule izindonga noma amasango, kamuva ngokuthi inqama, ube ugodo ezivamile umlotha noma ngesihlahla sonwele. Ngenxa yalokho, lo isibhamu sasinzima kakhulu, futhi banikezwe yokuthi nebhere kwakufanele uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi walo kwakunamafasitela ukusebenzisa kuze kube amasosha amaningi.

Konke lokhu kwaba nokumosha kakhulu ngokuya izidingongqangi zabantu kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho esikhathini esizayo waqala ngcono yayo. Zokubhodloza inqama - inqama - ekuqaleni elengiswa Uhlaka ekhethekile, bese efakwe isondo. Sebenzisa kwakuba lula kakhulu ngaleyo ndlela. Manje, ukuze ukuletha isikhali endaweni anikine kuhlasela, kudingeka abantu ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu ekunqandeni ekupheleni izingodo abethela ithiphu metal, nge sifana inhloko yale nqama. Ngenxa yalokhu lwamakholi ukulwa kaningi ngokuthi - "imvu". Cishe, isisho sasendulo sithi: "Kubonakala sengathi imvu ngesikhathi wesango elisha," ayekucabanga kwaba inqama, hhayi isilwane sangempela.

Kodwa lokhu ngcono aziphelelanga lapho. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa the ezindongeni zomuzi ekhanda yesosha, ukulawula inqama, amatshe flying, imicibisholo, wathela amanzi netiyela ashisayo abilayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela amasosha, kanye Uhlaka lwamakholi ivaliwe phezu kombhede, futhi kamuva nxazonke embozwe nezihlangu. Ngakho, amandla okushaya, unyakazisa a ziyalungiswa, kuvela, ngandlela-thile bavikelekile okubi falling bathulula ezindongeni. ram okunjalo zasendlini ukufana yangaphandle nge ezihuquzelayo eyaziwa yase yaziwa ngokuthi "ufudu".

Ngezinye izikhathi ufudu isakhiwo ehlanganisa izibuya eziningana, ngayinye inezinsuku nenqama. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba wafohla udonga emazingeni ehlukene ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Kodwa lokhu isibhamu kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani besiyoba sikhulu kakhulu futhi esindayo, ngakho sebenzisa njalo.

Sokol - i bokulwa ziyalungiswa lasendulo

Lapho inqama okokuqala uvele Russia, hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kusukela isigamu kwekhulu XII wesibili, imithombo ebhalwe yisho ukuthunjwa edolobheni "umkhonto." It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi, e kokuvinjezelwa, e internecine izimpi, ukuhlaselwa zaqala ukusetshenziswa okokuqala ukhozi - a ziyalungiswa inqama hlobo.

Eqinisweni, uheshe akuhlukile e oyiyo kusukela analogue ezaziwayo. Kungokufanayo bushelelezi ugodo oluze, okwesikhashana emaketangeni noma izindophi. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi umuthi indawo uMbhalo zonke-metal. By the way, ngokusho version of the ethi "i-Stitch," kwamhambela ekuzihlanganiseni ukubukeka izibhamu Russian.

Izindlela zokulwa inqama

Rams Yiqiniso, ephumelela kakhulu lokushaya, ngakho ekusetshenzisweni yayo futhi ukhiqiza iqhinga ukuze esiphikisayo:

• Ukuze okungenani ngandlela-thile nokunciphisa amagalelo nezingodo izindonga ezingeni sethiphu yayo eyehlisiwe iphethe nesikhwama esigcwele ezithambile impahla, uvolo noma amakhoba.
• Ngesikhathi Storming we kuyunithi, inqama ohambisana wathela ukungcola, abilayo, evutha itiyela, uwoyela, amatshe flying nemicibisholo. I ukugqashuka wazama okhela amathuluzi ukwakhiwa lokhuni.
• On the tindlelanchubo izindonga zomuzi bangene bese ngemba imisele ogcwele amanzi befakwa phezu Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena nomsele, okuyinto rose ngesikhathi ehlaselwa. Izinyathelo ezinjalo azivunyelwe Roll, "Ukhozi" izindonga.
• Uma kubonakala sengathi ziyalungiswa ebondeni edolobheni izothunyelwa ihhashi ke balibangise aphonse azungeze ngensimbi metal "onogwaja" ababekwazi izosishayisa izinselo kwezilwane, lapho abavikelwe yi sehhashi. Le ndlela yokuvikela, imise kuhlasela zokubhodloza inqama, kakhulu sebehlushwa ukuthuthukiswa wayo uma hhayi ngokuphelele, okwamnika isikhathi ukubhujiswa Storming iqembu.

amaphutha

Olunye uhlobo amathuluzi lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi "ngikwazi ukuthenga ugwayi notshwala." Rams ngomqondo yendabuko, ukumela into efana inqama, kodwa isakhiwo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini zazingenzelwanga. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i izihlilingi ekhethekile.

ERussia, sasivame ezimbili izinhlobo ukukhubazeka - isigwedlo-indwayimane, okuyinto ezishiwo zemihla njengoba indwayimane, crossbows - isibhamu ogibele umshini ekhethekile.

Indwayimane-imikhuba emibi

Umklamo kwaba ngendwayimane ukwesekwa ikholomu, kuyo ukuthi benza swivel (ukukhweza i-isigwedlo ezingasetshenziswa ajikelezwe), futhi empeleni eside kakhulu neravnoplechny isigwedlo.

Ekupheleni omude isigwedlo isananyathiselwe isihlilingi (ibhande ephaketheni okwesikhathi igobolondo), futhi ngakolunye - intambo, kwadingeka donsa ngokukhethekile abaqeqeshiwe laba bantu ukuba baphiwe okuyinto - sisalokhu. Okungukuthi, lezi zincwajana ephaketheni ngendwayimane kwaba idwala icala (core) futhi amaphaphu evele wadonsa ezizibeni. Isigwedlo, flying projectile phezulu umkhankaso ohlangothini oyifunayo. Yini nge swivel ingalo ungakwazi azungeze, ikuvumela ukuba labadubuli cishe uyisiyingi, ngaphandle ezihambayo lonke isakhiwo.

Kamuva amabhande nge tensioners indawo counterweight nensika ukwesekwa salandelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi Uhlaka izakhiwo.

Lokhu isibhamu wayenamandla kakhulu ukungezwani izihlilingi. Ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa ukwenza mobile esikuvumela ulungise uhla labadubuli. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani into enjalo wabizwa ngokuthi "trebushe"

Crossbows-imikhuba emibi

Ukwakha Iyizeli samostrelnogo kamnemeta ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka intambo. Ngaphandle-ke kuyafana a CROSSBOW ezinkulu, okungukuthi, esisekelweni lokhuni zase zihleliwe umshushuluzo, futhi phambi ingxenye umnsalo isananyathiselwe.

Isimiso kudubula futhi liyafana CROSSBOW, kodwa esikhundleni imicibisholo angena itshe inkatho (ikhenela). Ukukhothamela ngeke sithi imithwalo esindayo, lalenziwe izingqimba eziningana ukhuni, ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena papered birch amagxolo zihambisana amabhande. Bowstring lenziwa izilwane bukhoma noma eqinile Hemp intambo.

Combat ukwesekwa imikhuba emibi

Njengoba imishini uphonsa efakiwe buqamama akukho eduze kuka-100 m izinqaba isitha, aba cishe ezingafinyeleleki abacibisheli isitha. Nokho, ukuvikela ithuluzi abacibishelayo control, waba kuvikelwa umbutho imikhuba emibi udonga, amaqembu (kocingo), wamba isikhamo nomsele emhlabeni.

Njengoba amagobolondo for ngendwayimane-imikhuba emibi lengasetjentiswa cishe noma yini, enesisindo phakathi 3 futhi-200 kg: amatshe, amabhodwe, ligcwele inhlanganisela ezivuthayo, ngisho izilwane ezifile. Okungukuthi, izinkinga nezinhlamvu wayengekho.

Nge crossbows Isimo engangibhekene naso more xaka. Kubo esetshenzisiwe wasebenza itshe core, ubukhulu 20-35 cm ububanzi. Phakathi abavubukuli wathola nemicibisholo (imishudo), okuyinto, ngokusobala, liyasetshenziswa ngokudubula. Ibhawudo kukhona induku lensimbi elinezinhlangothi izimpaphe metal, isisindo mayelana 2 kg kanye 170 cm ubude. Kukholakala ukuthi boom enjalo esetshenziselwa esivuthayo, okungukuthi shot wazalela yenziwe ngohlobo oluvuthayo.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu amathuluzi asetshenziswe ndawonye, kuqhakambisa nomunye, lapho kahle kuhlasela ikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kuba khona kwalezi zikhali ezimbi sahlulele umphumela impi.