Izindiza Khanyisa Yak-12: Imininingwane, izithombe, umlando ekudalweni

Ngo-1940, ubuholi Soviet yagunyaza uhlelo sokuthuthukisa kabusha emnothweni kazwelonke. Ngokusho kwakhe, izinguquko eziphawulekayo ziye zathinta komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo. Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono control inkathazo futhi bengenazo nezindlu zangasese kwetinsita ebantfwini kungabikhona waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa umugqa emoyeni. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuvela esinye ukukhanya ngesikhathi izinjini izindiza. Kuyinto bezindiza ezifana Yak-12.

Umlando sokudalwa

I Yak-12 kuyinto multi-purpose ezokuthutha imoto yakhelwe by design bureau beqondiswa A. S. Yakovleva. Ngemva kokuhlolwa yimpumelelo ngo-1946, ukudalwa zezindiza waqala mass-umkhiqizo. Kodwa ngesikhathi omunye umshayeli ukuhlolwa yayingenakuhlala indiza phezu endaweni enikeziwe ofaka Stalin, ukukhiqizwa serial imodeli izindiza inqanyuliwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umklamo indiza Yak-12 izindiza phakathi kwezinye izimoto ngaleso sikhathi bafunda ngokuhweba omunye engcono iphutha kwaba phezu ingxenye ukukhiqizwa umshayeli isikali uqalisiwe kuphela okukhona emva kokufa umholi sika.

Umklamo umshini izindiza

Ekuqaleni, le ndiza yakhelwe Air Force njengoba umshini double, ongenza izinkinga sanitary axhunyiwe. Yak-12 kwaba ukwakhiwa okuxubile: womshini fuselage elisekela esetshenziswa hromansilevye ashiselwe ipayipi. Duralumin ozimele benziwa iphiko ezimbili Spar, tailplane futhi ailerons. Ngokwabo amaphiko nomsila kwesigaba abangu okuqoqiwe indwangu. Ukunquma umnsalo esetshenziswa duralumin. Izinkuni waba isisekelo ukwenziwa emapheshana ka indiza formwork. Yenhlanzeko zezindiza umshini kwaba ifakwe fixed Dural isidutshwa liner. Ukuze wehlise ukumelana in chassis okuqondene uhlobo pyramidal, kwathiwa ukukhwezwa tape ekhethekile - guy.

Aircraft gumbi kwakungekaNkulunkulu uhlobo imoto futhi angazamukela abantu abane. Uma kudingeka, ezinsikeni zawo kwesokudla wasungula uhlaka ukuthutha abalimele. Iningi ibhanoyi lokuqala Yak-12 kwaba ifakwe injini M-11FR 160 amalitha. a. futhi selehlile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isakhiwo indiza esikhundleni ukhuni aluminium.

phetho

indiza Yak-12 liye kabanzi asetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ngosizo lo mshini wenziwa sigqoka izitshalo umquba, zokutshala, impova izitshalo namasimu. Iphinde wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona-ambulense. I Yak-12 lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela yenethiwekhi mail futhi yokudonsa. Ngenxa Transporter umgibeli lokhu izindiza yayifaneleka phezu imizila ezincane. Umshini lwenzelwe abagibeli ababili futhi uyakwazi withstanding umthwalo ingeqi 350 kilograms. Lesi sikole ehlobo ngoba Awamapharashuthi futhi wasebenzisa Yak-12.

Idivayisi futhi ukuklanywa umshini izindiza esisetshenziselwa libhekene alula futhi mazombezombe lisetshenziswa, khona iziteshi zomsakazo kanye namadivayisi, okuvumela izindiza ebusuku futhi uma isimo sezulu sisibi. Ngaphezu eSoviet Union, indiza iye yasetshenziswa China nasePoland, lapho wenza njengoba PZL-101 Gawron.

incazelo

Yak-December udaba 1947 is braced vysokoplanom usebenzisa injini M-11FR. umklamo izindiza, ingase ibe gumbi ezimbili noma ezintathu yasendaweni. Yak-12 ekuqaleni yakhelwe njengendlela double. iphiko struts kukhona V-okwenyanga futhi bukhomba ku-engeyokuqala ngoba nokubopha chassis. Ngokufaka isandla esinqunyiwe slat duralumin abalulekile kuhlasela engela akusiyo yingozi. Okuthuthukisiwe chassis pyramidal (bangavivinywa Yak-10) aqukethe ekhethekile tape-ukubambezeleka, osuka kwesondo ngalinye kuya isebenza kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba.

Umsebenzi ukubopha wenziwa namasondo main 6 x 18 cm kanye nomsila 20 x 11 cm. Bangaphinde bufakwe ski. Ukuphathwa kuhlanganisa ikhebula iphelela. Esisogwini slats iphiko kakhulu yokuthuthukisa izindawo ukufika, futhi nomthelela omuhle nokuphepha ngesikhathi indiza.

I Yak-12: Imininingwane

• Ubude - 8,36 m.
• Ukuphakama - 3,76 m.
• Namaphiko - 12 m.
• Wing Area - 21,60 m ^2.
• Aircraft isisindo - 830 kg.
• isisindo Esamukeleka (lowo kususwe) kwaba 1450 kg.
• Izinjini - 1PD M-11FR.
• ngesivinini esiphezulu - 194 km / h.
• Sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele - 169 km / h.
• isivinini Landing - 90 km / h.
• Thrust - 1h160 kN.
• Indiza yakhelwe indiza angu-4.
• Flight ububanzi - 760 km.

Yak-12 ukuguqulwa

Model izindiza libhekene kalula zokusebenzela, ukuze ingasetshenziswa ezikoleni zezindiza njengoba nomqeqeshi. Ngaphezu ukuqeqeshwa, ikwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi kuncike nguqulo:

• Yak-12b ubhekwa kulokhu kuphela ohr kuya 35 metres ibanga ukusuka. Umklamo injini ifakwe AI-14RF, ogama umthamo 300 amalitha. a.
• Yak-12C - ambulensi emoyeni ukuze uthuthe indoda elimele.
• Yak-12SKH - version of the izindiza ngezinhloso zezolimo. It wenza impova izikhala green wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane sishaye. Umklamo ifakwe ithangi ekhethekile etholakala ngaphansi fuselage.
• Yak-12R - izindiza i-Air Force. Umsebenzi - ukuxhumana. Umklamo izici injini enamandla AI-14P (260 l. C.). Umsila ingxenye ifakwe ngikwazi ukuqala - ekhethekile ukubopha hook, owacwila ngesikhathi kokwehla ku primer, ekunciphiseni mileage yayo.

ukuthuthuka

Eyokuqala kakhulu kubhekwa ukwakhiwa izindiza Yak-12. imodeli Aircraft e ukuguqulwa A kwavele ushintsho nge kwesikhathi:

• Wings atholwe ukuma trapezoid futhi ayenendawo slats, ehlanganisa eyodwa canting.
• uphethiloli: ukwanda ubukhulu.
• Chassis oluqinisayo.
• Helm atholwe uphondo ukuma.
• Cockpit. Ngu amayunithi engaphelele kanye ohlangothini elicwebezelayo yokuthuthukisa umbono. A ekwenteni ncono gumbi induduzo kwakubangelwa ukusetshenziswa soft lesikhumba Upholstery. Isisindo sivumelekile ukuthi akwazi ukuvusa Yak-12A, kwaba ngo-1588 kg. Ngenxa yezinguquko indiza iphiko ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya ngcono kakhulu, isivinini anda 30 km / hr indiza ibanga.

eminye ngcono

Bona wathinta fuselage labaqaphi elingemuva nobude umshini.

• Yak-12M ikhuphukile-9 amamitha.
• Umklamo yethulwa futhi iqedwe forkil ngikwazi ukuqala.
• Front chassis phambi fuselage futhi iphiko strut steel nakakhulu.
• ukumiswa umfutholuketshezi esikhundleni zenjoloba.
• Cabin ku Ushintshe Yak-12 yakhelwe abagibeli abathathu.

Yini izinguquko ezenziwe?

Ngenxa yezinguquko indiza yaguqulwa:

• Ukuze umsebenzi wezolimo. Ungasetha nezinto ezidingekayo amahora amabili ekuklanyweni umshini.
• Ukuze afeze izinkinga zezempilo. Kube isikhala esanele ukuze ajabulise, ngaphezu abashayeli bezindiza ababili, omunye udokotela futhi elimele.
• Ukuze afeze ukuqeqeshwa kuzuba. Ngokukhethekile ogibele ohlangothini lwesokunene footrest kuyakunciphisa le nkinga.

Aircraft ngoba eSoviet Air Force

Yak-12R wahlinzwa yiSoviet Air Force njengommeli kunye futhi imoto. Kuze kube yimanje, imodeli kwaba ifakwe nenjini enamandla AI-14P (260 l. C.), Futhi screw-Vish 539L-11. Izinkuni asezindongeni salandelwa duralumin. Ukuze kuncishiswe ubude indlela ku sezwe eziwubhuqu ngamamitha 50 e Yak-12R isuswe unyathela amabhuleki Coulter elalikade kwaku amasondo phambi langemuva. I gumbi lwenzelwe abagibeli abathathu. Aircraft isisindo safinyelela 912 kg.

umqeqeshi version

Ekuqaleni kuka-1959, nabaqambi lamaSoviet laqala ukuba athuthukiswe izindiza Simulator Yak-12 UT. Yasungulelwa ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza wezempi ukuze afeze kokwehla ngezinsimbi zomculo. Kuze kube yimanje, endlwaneni eyakhiwe iye ifakwe:

• Eyesibili isethi, sivumela kokubili ukusebenzisa indiza injini Yak-12 UT, futhi enze izandla nezinyawo izilawuli.
• Radio ikhampasi EMKHUNJINI-5.
• isethi lula imishini CAP-48 okwenza cababa abayizimpumputhe.
• Umaka umamukeli MRP-48.
• Radio altimeter RV-2.
• generator HSC-1500. Nge kwenzeka imishini iIgama.

ukuhlolwa

Ngo-1950, i-Yak-12 lwavivinywa e wt GC NIIVVS futhi Kunconywa izikole indiza ka-Air Force njengenhlangano Simulator eliphumelelayo ukuqeqeshwa umshayeli. Ngesikhathi kwamaphutha efanayo zihlonzwe:

• 1700 linemibhikisho ngomzuzu izindwani yabonisa ababuthakathaka amandla omoya generator GSK-1500.
• I-antenna ukusetshenziswa ne umthamo enganele - owamukelayo kuphela ubesebenza ukuphakama esingeqile 1850 amamitha.
• Ububanzi yekhampasi kwaba 160 km. Kwakunganele ukuba, njengoba iKhomishana ukubeka phambili izidingo okungenani 180 amamitha.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngo-June uqokelwe futhi ngo-Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka. Ngemva lokuqedwa we Yak-12 kwaba ifakwe le UT:

• wokudonsa WA-5 okuyiwona besihambisana nesiminyaminya ushintsho iphimbo we izindwani ngesikhathi indiza;
• isethi T-ukuma antenna wasebenza kahle nganoma isiphi ukuphakama.

Ngo-1952, ngempumelelo le izindiza isidlulile isivivinyo entsha. Noma kunjalo, akukho lapho imibhalo aliveli njengoba Yak-12 UT.

Yenhlanzeko isampula izindiza

Yak-12C 1948 ukukhululwa kubhekwa okufushane sanitary indiza kulolu chungechunge. Umklamo walo mshini izindiza yaguqulwa ukuthutha isiguli. I ohlangothini lwesobunxele bead ahlelwe uhlaka. Ayikho enye izinguquko Yak-12 azange kwenziwe. indiza elingenalutho esingamakhilogremu 852 kg futhi uyakwazi ukumelana umthwalo kuze kufinyelele 380 kg. Wawuhlanganisiwe imishini ekhethekile isisindo, ezingafinyelela 22 kg. Yak-12S imithwalo yezokwelapha afika ku 175 kg kanye nemingcele yayo zazizinhle kunalezi 2C.

Yenza indiza ngezandla

Nge izincwadi ezidingekayo, ungenza Yak-12 kusukela potolochki okuzenzela (ophahleni Tile extrusion of polystyrene). Ephambi kwezinduna amathuluzi adingekayo kanye izingxenye ezisele ukuba sibhekane nale akunzima neze ukuwabiza.

Izinto, imishini kanye izingxenye ezisele

Ukuze usebenze izinto ezinjalo kudingeka:

• potolochka ukushuba 0.5 cm;
• glue esikhethekile ophahleni tile;
• 10 ml isipetu;
• multi-anemibala itheyiphu;
• wire ububanzi 0.1 cm;
• A4 noma amakhasi amaphepha.

Amathuluzi edingekayo:

• ibhodi flat, okuyinto elula usebenze;
• Kumile ummese;
• umugqa imitha;
• Emery.

Izingxenye:

• motor kagesi akuyona esingaphansi 1100 ngomzuzu;
• ibhethri 12 volts;
• omunye bendiza.

Qala. Ukusebenza imidwebo

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, kuzomele ube umqondo wokobana inomboro oyithandayo RC izindiza Yak-12. Kunconywa ukuba uthole imidwebo kunesidingo. imidwebo owaphrinte ukuze kube lula kumele inikezwe izinombolo ze-serial. Babe ukubola ngokuhambisana izinombolo phezu flat.

Ukukhiqizwa imininingwane umkhiqizo

Ngesisekelo imidwebo, ungakwazi uqhubekele excision zezitho kunesidingo. Nokho, uma le nto has inombolo enkulu imigca lecondzile. Kulokhu, kubhekwa lula.

Ukuze sisebenze umdwebo enjalo uzodinga inaliti. Ukusebenzisa ke, punctures okuhleliwe zonke engele. Khona-ke, emgqeni eyayibekwe komunye wokubhoboza elandelayo ngumuntu ummese zokubhala ezenziwe iphepha izimbotshana. Basuke ababulawa ngokulandelana nje umdwebo is ayakhekanga ngomumo ngokuphelele gluing ingxenye ikusasa indiza. Nge kunenze nisondelane yabo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akwephuli izilinganiso zobukhulu kanye namathuluzi geometry imodeli esizayo.

ishidi ngamunye kungadala izingxenye ezingadingekile owengeziwe okumele ukusika. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsalela isakhiwo kufanele kuhle uyakunamathela nomunye. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho ngosizo isipetu zingenziwa kunenze nisondelane yabo.

inhlangano

• Lapho inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-umkhiqizo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ohlangothini ukuthi laminated engxenyeni engaphandle.
• Isici esibalulekile kubhekwa ubukhulu ukuhambisana cut izingxenye nge Ubukhulu ukuthi ine ebhethri elishajekayo - kungenzeka ezingaphezu kuka kuhlelwe umdvwebo. Kunconywa ukuba afeze izilinganiso nombusi.
• Ukuze uthole kunenze nisondelane ngokuqinile kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa emaphekisi, noma okuphambene imithwalo.
• ingasetshenziswa kweqa ku tube kumiswa bend edingekayo.
• Ngemva kwalokho, kunenze nisondelane ndawonye izingxenye ixhumana Yak-12. Nge-radio elawulwa izindiza imodeli, lapho indiza ivame ukuhlotshaniswa iconsi abadinga eqinisa isakhiwo.
• Yenza enqabeni nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kuzosiza ukuqinisa tape.
• Kunconywa wire esintamo ngoba ukubanjwa servos.
• Motorama, esibekela motor kufanele kwenziwe plywood mncane. Ngoba elula kakhulu ukubophela ngezikulufo.
• In the ukungabikho ucezu plywood ingaphinda isetshenziswe upulasitiki, noma Foam. Into esemqoka ukuthi impahla kwakulula. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isisindo imodeli abaze angaphezu kuka-600 amagremu.
• Ukwethulwa kwe-umkhiqizo Kunconywa ukuba enze yabalingisi wezandla zakhe.
• Ukutshala kumele kwenziwe ukuze uqale isisu indiza phezu esithambile. Ngenxa yale njongo optionally ogibele design isondo.

Izindleko Ford Focus 3008 Pegout noma ilingane intengo okudaliwe izindiza efana Yak-12. Photography ngokufanele ngezansi limele izici nomklamo walo yangaphandle. Kodwa-ke kufanele uyakhumbula ukuthi ukulungiswa ekhiqizwa ezahlukene.

Esikhathini sethu, the Yak-12 kuthathwa njengokuhlukumeza siyindlala. Kungatholakala kubhalwe ngaso, nabathelisi of imishini zezindiza.