Anti-aircraft missile kanye wezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi "angababulali": isithombe kudivayisi

Esikhathini yoma, emazweni NATO babé abanikazi eziningana ezicitshwayo olwesimanje anti-high-speed, ekhiqizwa nge ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Ziphethe homing amakhanda, uyakwazi flying at kwaleli chibi ababezohlala kuyo ngaphezu kwamanzi lezi zitshalo ukumela ibe usongo olukhulu imikhumbi isitha. Ukuze ngempumelelo ezibhekene NATO ngesivinini kweminsalo, nabaqambi Soviet ayelenzile anti-aircraft missile kanye wezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi "angababulali".

Ubani eyingoduso kusukela ukuklama Spar?

Design umsebenzi missile kanye wezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi "angababulali" kwaqala ngawo-1970 ngasekupheleni. Ukwenza ukuklama KBP e Tula. ukukhiqizwa serial "Dirk" eziyinkimbinkimbi isebenza Tula Engineering Plant. Uhlelo radar lwenziwe embonini omsakazo Serpukhov, futhi nezempi - ngesikhathi Research Institute Izinkinga Physical yaqanjwa F. V Lukina. Anti-aircraft missile kanye wezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi "angababulali" (Grau 3M87), namanje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Spar "Chestnut" (igama ukuthekelisa), wangenela inkonzo ngo-1989.

phetho

ukufaka esikhundleni yisikhathi anti-aircraft izinhlelo ezintsha anti-aircraft "Dirk" amacebo eziyinkimbinkimbi Abaklami Soviet. Ngenxa yalesi kwakudingekile ukushabalalisa izinkinga ezihlobene ne uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela umkhumbi omdala. Ukuze "Dirk" owakwazi ngokuphumelelayo naleli NATO ngesivinini kweminsalo, kwakufanele kube njalo:

• amakhono sithuthukiswe emkhakheni bangabonwa futhi kokulandela bamatshe, kuhlanganise ngesivinini;
• anda izinhlamvu;
• Shintshanisa Quick;
• Amathuba anda ukushaya ilitshe.

inqubekela

Phakathi ukuklanywa Abaklami Soviet banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i kukhawulwe Ukudalwa luyingxenye noma ngokuqinile wezikhali missile anti-izindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusho kwabo, izikhali ezintsha kumele izimfanelo engcono lwalezi nhlelo ezimbili wokulondeka eziyinkimbinkimbi. Tula Abaklami ngesikhathi isimiso esinjalo isivele eqoqwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Spar umhlaba "Tunguska". "Dirk" - anti-aircraft missile kanye wezikhali uhlelo - yakhelwe ikhumbula ngentuthuko ekhona kakade we "Tunguska". Ukuqoqa Spar entsha, abaklami zakala amayunithi ngomumo eyenziwe. Ezinye zazo yilezi ingashintshiwe ngokuphelele, zihanjiswe "Dirk". Missile uhlelo nokho unezincwadi eziningi izakhi okwakudingeka yakhelwe kusukela ekuqaleni.

sici Spar isakhiwo esisha

Anti-aircraft wezikhali missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "angababulali" ingase ifakwe eyodwa noma ezimbili umyalo module ehlanganisa radar kanye digital elawula uhlelo. Ukuze uthole indawo emkhunjini omncane yakhelwe omunye ukulwa iyunithi kokuba ejikijelwayo izibhamu, a abachithi ezinkulu noma Cruisers - nokuningi, lonke iqoqo ezahlukene izikhali anti-aircraft. Uma kudingekile ukulwa amamojuli (3S87) kungenziwa agibele amahhashi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye emphemeni. Omunye module, ngaphandle izinhlamvu, 9 th ukala 500 kg, ne izinhlamvu -. Ayizinkulungwane 12 kg .. Ukuyifaka, a turntable ekhethekile esikuvumela ukwenza izingalo ithiphu nendawo. Ingxenye engenhla module ifakwe radar kanye optical-electronic iziteshi, obhekene isiqondiso somzila. Ebusweni ohlangothini platform baba esihlalweni izibhamu nezikhali ezicitshwayo.

izikhali

Spar "Dirk" ifakwe:

• Zenith elawulwa ezimbili isigaba okuqinile fuel rocket 9M311-1 kokuba kwehlukana induku warhead futhi ukukhomba izinzwa noncontact.
• Amabili ayisithupha barreled anti-aircraft izibhamu AO-18k 30 mm, uyakwazi umlilo okuhloswe ngaso ibanga 2 -4 km.
• Umyalo module enza target yokufuna, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nemiyalelo wokuthumela iziteshi isikhali.
• Omunye noma eziyisithupha ukulwa amamojuli. Bathatha sokukhomba lovela module umyalo, enze kokulandela ngokuzenzekelayo Okuqondiwe kanye labadubuli Kwenziwa usebenzisa njengoba nangomcibisholo, kanye wezikhali izikhali.
• uhlelo Special obhekene ukugcina lingatshajwa izikhali zomkhumbi. Lokhu uhlelo esitsheni lapho amayunithi ukulwa bayavuswa futhi ibekwe emiphongolweni.

Ukuze uvikele missile kusukela amagesi Propellant e imiphongolo isibhamu kukhona housings ekhethekile cylindrical. I Spar "Dirk" lisetshenziswa auger bezzvenevaya ukunikezela amagobolondo. Isakhiwo kuyazenzakela.

Ukusebenza izici

• Spar "Dirk" yakhelwe hit ilitshe ezindaweni ezimbili:

namarokhethi:

1) 1 km 500 m - 8 km;

2) 5 km - 3 km 500 m.

wezikhali:

1) 500 m - 4 km;

2) 5 m - 3 km.

• Izinga Spar ngomzuzu kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 10. Shots.
• Isikhathi yokusabela amasekhondi angu-8.
• Ukunemba radar isiteshi kuphazamiseka ngaphakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu.
• "Angababulali" libhekene awokuthi lesion: 94-99%.

Obani abasebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi?

Abathwali Spar "Dirk" yilezi:

• Heavy zenuzi missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "UPyotr Veliky" futhi "Admiral Nakhimov".
• Heavy izindiza ethwele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Kuznetsov".
• "Ukuqapha" umkhumbi patrol.

Spar ngokuthi "Dirk" lisetshenziswa patrol izikebhe "Abangesabi" futhi "Yaroslav Mudry", kanye frigate "Talwar".

Ikhiphela samuntu zenith eziyinkimbinkimbi

Esikhathini 90 wabonakala Spar "Chestnut", okuyinto cishe akahlukile okufana zalo eziyisisekelo - "Dirk". Umahluko owokuthi nokuthi isakhiwo "angababulali" isetshenziswa kuphela Russian Navy, futhi "Chestnut" Spar senzelwe ngokukhethekile emazweni angaphandle. Abathengi lokhu samuntu, zenith steel eziyinkimbinkimbi Indian lempi. Indian Navy frigates kukhona iphrojekthi 1135,6. frigate okunjalo unamathisele omunye ukulwa futhi omunye umyalo mojuli. Phakathi imikhumbi 2003-2013 baseNdiya eziyishumi enjalo kuphrojekthi 1135,6, ukukhwezwa nge Spar "Chestnut" Nathengiswa.

isiphetho

Spar "Dirk" isetshenziselwa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela Russian Navy emikhunjini bese izinto umile kusukela anti-high-imvamisa isitha ezicitshwayo. Lokhu Spar siyasebenza kakhulu ngokudubula elincane liqondisa yemikhumbi yempi phansi.