SVT-40 (sniper sokuzingela): libuyekeza abazingeli, isithombe, izici

Phakathi nesibalo esikhulu nezibhamu esasetshenziswa empini 1941-1945, i-amasosha aseSoviet, ayikho Izibuyekezo njengoba enemisebenzi njengoba SVT-40 (sniper sokuzingela). Ochwepheshe kanye ezempi wayekubheka kungaphumeleli kakhulu, ngakho ngezibhamu ukukhululwa ngokushesha bayeka.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ezinjalo wangena kweminyaka yempi lapho umusa izinkomba ambalwa kwehle ukubonakaliswa izinga. Kukhona umbono uchwepheshe ukuthi uma hhayi ngenxa yempi, isibhamu kuthatha ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki, ikakhulukazi ngoba abaningi ababeyisebenzisa isikhali, sikhulume ngaye kahle.

incazelo ngezibhamu

Ukuze unhlangothi iDemo piston igesi Propellant igesi isetshenziswa, isiteshi esidayisa we brainstem. Ikhamera ukusetha Ukudayela ukushintsha inani amagesi ukuboniswa ezithinta ukusetshenziswa ngezibhamu ezimweni ezahlukene, futhi ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe nemibandela isicelo izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlamvu.

I piston ezithwala ukunyakaza esangweni, kodwa ibuyisela emuva entwasahlobo yayo. Isiqu isiteshi esangweni lockable ukuthi angahluleli ngendlela eqondile e indiza mpo. Ibhokisi godo omunye entwasahlobo esebenza ukubuyela shutter ukuze uzimele kule sikhundla okuphambene. Indlu eqashisayo e-esiyinhlanganisela sokuzingela, inhlamvu indlela Kwenziwa inhlamvu. Khiya yabalindi inhlamvu wenziwa.

Umsebenzi impi

lokulondoloza icala ngaphandle ukususwa kusukela sokuzingela Ukugunda. Ukubona wenza impukane futhi namushnike. Sniper sokuzingela SVT-40 nge umbono optical PU has a ukubopha emgqonyeni nomlomo. Kamuva ukuguqulwa iyona nomlomo indlela efanayo AVT-40 kanye insabule olufana okusikhumbuza insingo yokushefa ngokwenkambiso igqoke emgodleni ekhethekile ibhande yakho.

Uma ukudubula kwenziwa kusuka isikhundla ezithandwa, isikhali isekelwa nge isandla sobunxele kanye isendaweni esundu phambi esitolo. Ukusetshenziswa isibhamu kusuka ohlezi isikhundla, ukuma futhi siguqile kuhilela ubambe izikhali esitolo. A Bhalobhasha oqeqeshwe kahle kwenza ngomzuzu mayelana 25 isibhamu, uma esitolo pre-ogcwele. Uma senza ugcwalise esitolo amabili omfisha, inani isibhamu kuyehla kube 20 ngomzuzu.

Ukusetshenziswa okokunciphisa umsindo

Sniper sokuzingela SVT-40 nge silencer uyahlolwa uhla ku entwasahlobo 1941. Idivayisi yakhelwe kuphela amachashazi ngesivinini leSupersonic, futhi asifanele isibhamu nezinhlamvu ngesivinini esincishisiwe. Lo mklamo we okokunciphisa umsindo akulishintshi leli isivinini ichashazi nokunemba ukulwa, kodwa umsindo shot cishe ucime, futhi ukukhanya flash uhlala ingashintshiwe.

Amagesi kusukela powder emva kokudubula ngaphandle kokuhamba umgqomo futhi yagcinwa silencer, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi lapho sokuvula isango jet obukhulu ukushaya ubuso umcibisholo. Idivayisi ngoba buthule sokuzingela umlilo lilimele ngesikhathi semicimbi test, kanye nomklamo walo ayisaxhunyanisiwe kuyaphothulwa.

Izici ngezibhamu semi-automatic

Phakathi nempi Finnish namaSoviet e 1939-1940 saqala wasebenzisa sniper sokuzingela SVT-40. Izici nedatha lobuchwepheshe:

• osezingeni sokuzingela - 7,62;
• isibhamu ukala 3.8 kg ngaphandle kuhlomisa insabule kanye cartridges;
• osezingeni amachashazi - 7,62h54 mm;
• sokuzingela obuphelele - 1 m 23 cm;
• izinga esezingeni umlilo - kusuka 20 kuya 25 imizuliswano ngomzuzu;
• the velocity sokuqala ichashazi - 829 amamitha ngesekhondi;
• emehlweni ibanga - angu-1.5 km;
• Umagazini kunesithembiso 10 izinhlamvu.

Umlando sokudalwa

Isifiso ujike i isibhamu ezejwayelekile Analogue othomathikhi kuholela yokuthi sokuqala eyenziwa Fedor Tokarev SVT-38 sokuzingela, okuyinto phakathi nempi ne Finns sikhuthazele azinabo ukuhlolwa esikoleni. Sebenzisa empini ikuvumela ukukhomba wonke amaphutha izikhali. Lena isisindo esikhulu, ukwehluleka ukusebenza, ezifweni ukungcoliswa futhi ongaphakeme lokushisa ukufundwa kanye nesidingo sokuba isicelo esiqhubekayo Lubrication.

Umakhi kuhloswe ukuba wenze isibhamu lighter ukunqinda, kube kwandziswa nokwethenjelwa ngokuqina. Armourers hhayi ukunqinda komugqa izingxenye ukuthi kungaholela operation okungafanele ezishintshayo. Bathandana nalo babuye bathandane ngokwenza izingxenye izacile, ukunciphisa ubude insabule, futhi esitolo, ikhava handguard ababhekene izinguquko ezihlelekile. Kukhona sniper sokuzingela SVT-40. Photography sihamba ngezansi ushintsho design.

Ngo-1940 self-ukulayisha sokuzingela olunikezwe ibutho. Umkhiqizo lithole ukusebenza okudingekayo, isisindo ekukhanyeni, kodwa ukukhiqizwa izingxenye Kwenziwa ezingxenyeni cut-sokuzingela etholakala ebucayi ukunemba yokukhiqiza kanye nokubhekela imithetho zobuchwepheshe. Izikhali zidinga yesondlo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto empini alitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.

sniper sokuzingela

Sniper sokuzingela Tokarev SVT-40 kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kuphela kugqashuka impi ngo-1940. Phakathi nale nkathi yathela kwesigidi ngezibhamu. Imizamo eyenziwayo ukuhlomisa isikhali sniper emehlweni, kodwa ukudala i ukunemba ngempumelelo komlilo udinga ukushintsha design ukuze ngesikhathi abaklami impi ukulahla lo mbono, futhi isibhamu Yenziwe imodeli ubudala.

ezizishintshayo

Ngo-1942, i-imodeli ngokuzenzakalela SVT-40. Sniper isibhamu manje kuholela umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. Tokarev kodwa izibhamu lungadizayinelwe nakakhulu leyo misebenzi. Self-ukulayisha sokuzingela ehluleka isivivinyo empini, ngenxa kokutholakala izinkinga eziningi zokukhiqiza kuyehla. Ngo-January 1945, iKomiti Defense unquma ukuhoxisa iNdawo kusukela ukukhiqizwa SVT-40.

Umklami Tokarev isebenza ukudala i-carbine othomathikhi, esekelwe SVT-40. Sniper isibhamu isampula 1940 Ushintshe ibe carbine, umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu umlilo olulodwa. Okuzenzakalelayo carbine sokuzingela azigcina zonke nemibi. Imibiko evela phambi bathi amasosha anithandanga ukusebenzisa izikhali ngenxa yokungazethembi, eyinkimbinkimbi kwesakhiwo, ukunemba enganele.

Izimfanelo ezinhle izikhali

Naphezu Izibuyekezo engathandeki we SVT-40 sniper sokuzingela has eziningi eziwusizo. Khanyisa isisindo design uvumele hambisa beshesha ulwa futhi emasha ophoqelelwe. Sniper sokuzingela iyahluka kwenye yayo ukhokho SVT-40 3,5-nesibaya PU ububanzi, okuyinto has a isisindo ongaphakeme (270 g Imininingwane). emehlweni entabeni ivumela ngokudubula at ibanga kuze kube-600 ukuphakama.

Kutfolakala self-ukulayisha izikhali kuyinto likhuphuke komlilo kuqhathaniswa Mosin isibhamu. Ubulula ikuvumela ukuthola ukubuya le shot ehlombe, hhayi ukubamba Ufaka emgqonyeni.

I yokuntula of self-ukulayisha izibhamu

Sniper sokuzingela SVT-40 akanayo ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ibutho ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi design, okwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukwenza ekukhiqizeni ukusebenza ezimweni ukulwa. Le mfuneko sesondlo njalo asikwazi ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo izinsizwa mass sempi. I yokuntula kungukuthi wachitha kuze kube sekupheleni igesi supply system kanye nokwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukulungiswa esitolo esikhiphekayo, nokwakhiwa esingesihle ikhuthaza ukungcola nothuli.

Isifiso ukunciphisa isisindo kuholela yokuthi kukhona ukwehluleka othomathikhi SVT-40 izindlela. Sniper sokuzingela azigcina Ubukhulu, kodwa isisindo kuyehla ukusetshenziswa imininingwane zikanokusho kanye nekwenyusa linani kuvuleka ku bezinhlamvu, okuholela ukungcoliswa olwengeziwe.

Sniper sokuzingela SVT-40 kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo

Ekuqaleni, sihlelwe ukuthi kuyoba main self-ukulayisha sokuzingela izikhali ezincane elihamba, ngikwandise kakhulu amandla omlilo umlilo okuhloswe. Ngokusho isimo Kusolwa ukuba izinkulungwane eziningana izikhali ezinjalo isigaba ngasinye, isilinganiso ngezibhamu semi-automatic namadivayisi-non-othomathikhi bese indlela okuhloswe ukuletha isilinganiso 1: 2.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka ehlobo 1941, yathela abangaba yisigidi izikhali SVT-40. Sniper sokuzingela abazingeli impendulo wathola sokufanele kuphela. Iningi izikhali abangu bagxila izifunda esentshonalanga zone umngcele. Kanyekanye lezi ngezibhamu ekhiqizwa American M1 Garand, ngubani bayalingana ukusebenza ikhophi Soviet.

armorers German esetshenziswa amasampula owabhujiswa ngezibhamu Soviet, welula yibutho, njengoba mikhiqizo bekungakabhekwana. Maphakathi Umhlaba kwaphawulwa yokuthi amaJalimane ukuthuthukisa nokukhululwa isibhamu, imininingwane efana le SVT-40. ESoviet Union encishisiwe ukukhululwa kwe ngezibhamu semi-automatic, futhi ngokushesha kuphele ngokuphelele. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ukukhiqizwa, inani elikhulu imininingwane design ukwenza ukukhiqizwa ezibizayo futhi unpromising. I isibhamu 143 iqukethe izinto 22 entwasahlobo. Ngo womshini izingxenye esetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana lezinsimbi ekhethekile.

ezihlukahlukene zokuguqulwa

• SVT-38 akhiwe phambi 1940, elinesimo mass amagremu 500 ezingaphezu kuka imodeli esilandelayo. Kuye nokho nezabo. insabule lula izinguquko, umbhede ekuqaleni wadala fomu.
• SVT-40 kungokwalabo umbono eziphambili ngesihlangu esifushane, iqala mass-kukhiqizwa ngo-1940. Ingabe ukuthembeka okusezingeni eliphezulu, lula njengoba kuqhathaniswa nalowo langaphambilini 600 amagremu.
• Sniper sokuzingela SVT-40, izici okukuvumela umlilo olunembile, ayiswe ukukhiqizwa ngo-1940. Libhekene ngokuba abutment ekhethekile ukukhweza idivayisi kuhloswe kanye ebusweni ngcono ekwelapheni stem.

• AVT 40 kuyinto samuntu othomathikhi ngokuthuthuka elincane ukukhululwa indlela isando, ukubukeka sifana imodeli eziyisisekelo SVT-38. Naphezu komsebenzi abaklami ukudala okunokwethenjelwa sokuzingela okuzenzakalelayo kuhlulekile, futhi nekhiqiza izikhali ezinjalo iphele ngo-1942.
• UMTHETHO-40 kuyinto carbine othomathikhi, okungadingi singagxila impi nakuba senzelwe okuhloswe umlilo okuzenzakalelayo.
• MCA-O ibhekisela ohlotsheni ukuzingela izikhali, izikhali kabusha SVT-40 okuyinto isuswe eceleni ibutho ukugqugquzela. Kuze kube manje, lo mkhiqizo uvezwa uhlobo izikhali ukuze labadubuli olulodwa. Litholakale emphakathini kusukela 2012.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwenziwa ngcono ukuklanywa sokuzingela akhethiwe asiphumelelanga kakhulu phakathi nempi, kubhejwa ezibekwe phezu inombolo izikhali, kunokuba kukhwalithi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngo sokuthula, izikhali ezingcono umlilo sasiyokwenziwa ngesisekelo sesibhamu.