Nefilosofi yamaGreki

Ukuqala kokuzalwa nefilosofi WaseRoma ngokwesiko kubhekwe ukuba II-mina eminyaka. BC. e. Uma sikhuluma kwesikhathi lasendulo iyonke, maqondana ifilosofi yamaGreki, isazi sefilosofi esingumRoma abaningi babheka yesibili. amafilosofi yamaGreki aqala ukusakaza phakathi amaRoma ngekhulu mina. BC. e. Ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi imfundiso kaZiqu-esingumGreki, amafilosofi kumaStoyiku abagxeki, ithiyori kaPlato. nefilosofi yamaGreki - isikhathi eliye laba yokugcina ukuthuthukiswa ifilosofi yaseGrisi yasendulo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina i orientation zokuziphatha futhi lithathelwe ukunyakaza Eastern zenkolo.

Omunye izikole ezingu owaziwa ngenkathi kwaba esikoleni esasungulwa abalandeli Nesimo Sokugxeka. Le mfundiso wamemezela badelelwa futhi ukwenqaba konke yangaphandle - ukuqala nezidingo ezingokomzimba ziphethe isayensi. AmaCynic babeqiniseka zonke izinzuzo kuphela ngaphakathi kumuntu futhi akuhlobene ngaphandle, okuyinto hhayi kuphela kunomthelela ukubonakaliswa ukuphila komuntu lezi zinzuzo, kodwa ngisho uyisithiyo endleleni eya enjabulweni.

EsingumGreki (341 -. 270 BC) nabalandeli bakhe ubeke phambili ukuphila nefilosofi izimiso ethé ukuhluka kancane, nakuba imfundiso injabulo yabo futhi esisodwa sezigaba main zefilosofi. Ngo izimfundiso esingumGreki has epistemology ayo, ontology, i-physics, kodwa abalulekile kakhulu emlandweni nefilosofi kwaba isimiso sokuziphatha kwakhe. At inhliziyo le izimiso esingumGreki ingabe isimiso owawuthi ubumnandi nenjabulo muhle, kodwa esingumGreki akusho ukuntula ukuzikhuza, uyiqonda nezinjabulo, ikakhulukazi "yokuntuleka komzimba ukuhlupheka." lo mqondo injabulo ezimfundisweni esingumGreki probrel ezithile intuthuko nabanengqondo, futhi kwenye yezingxenye ngaba umuntu abantu abakujabulelayo ezinjalo, esingumGreki sikholwa yilo lolu cwaningo wefilosofi.

Ekupheleni VI. BC, kamuva esikoleni esingumGreki, inkathi yamaGreki wefilosofi lasendulo kwaphawulwa kumiswa omunye esikoleni esidumile wefilosofi - esikoleni ezingamaStoyiku. Umsunguli walesi sikole siye saba okuthile Zeno. Isimiso esiyisisekelo namaStoyiku lalithé: injabulo ukulandela bemvelo emhlabeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imibono owabhalwa sesingochwepheshe ethandwa eRoma yasendulo. YamaGreki namaRoma nefilosofi kugcwele imisebenzi namaStoyiku ngobukhulu wamaRoma: uSeneca, uMarcus Aurelius Epictetus. Imibono zezazi kwesikhathi engasenandaba cishe ngokuphelele izinkinga zefilosofi, elele izimiso zokuhle ngaphandle. Futhi njengoba nezimiso zokuziphatha eziningi, namaStoyiku Roman wamemezela umbono ka nokuzwana emhlabeni womuntu, isihe nothando umuntu wakini, ngisho netitsa imbala.

Omunye umbhalo owaziwa, okuyinto nefilosofi abadumile yamaGreki, kuyinto ukungabaza. Umsunguli zokungabaza kuyinto Pirron (360 - 280 BC.). Umqondo ukufundisa kwakhe ukuthi lalibhekwa isazi sefilosofi, ngokuvumelana Pyrrho, umuntu efuna ukuze sithole injabulo. Injabulo itholakala, okokuqala kunakho konke, ngokungabi bikho ubuhlungu nokuzola ephelele. Ngokusho abagxeki, Ayikho indlela yokwazi ayikwazi kuchazwa ngokuthi, isimo sengqondo okungamanga noma kuyiqiniso zefilosofi izinto iwukuba ugweme izahlulelo ngalezi zinto. Ingabe isebenza kuphela okuvelayo sethu sezinzwa nemibono kuphela kuholele ukudideka.

nefilosofi yamaGreki uye wenza izinguquko ezithile isiqondiso ngemibono izimfundiso sikhathi, lezi zinguquko zazibangelwa ngokuyinhloko izinguquko zezombangazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi. Ongqondongqondo kwesikhathi yamaGreki, main kugxilwa ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuziphatha komuntu, izinkinga zokuziphatha yomuntu emphakathini. nefilosofi yamaGreki kwaphawulwa imibono evula sikhathi kokubonwa yezinceku zompristi isithunzi sabo sobuntu, ngisho ezinye izazi zefilosofi nazo ziye waveza umqondo wokuthi izigqila kungase kudingeke aphakeme izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa umbono omusha zefilosofi kumhlaba nokubuka nasemphakathini wonkana, ezikoleni ezimbili ubudala eyasungulwa kaPlato no-Aristotle, kancane kancane balahlekelwa ukwethenjelwa kwalo, futhi egqwalile ubala.