U-Aleksey Homyakov, isazi sefilosofi Russian futhi imbongi: Biography, lokusungula

U-Aleksey Homyakov, biography kanye lokusungula ayisihloko yalokhu kubukezwa, kwaba omele kunazo zonke kwezingu-Slavophile izitayela isayensi nefilosofi. ifa lakhe etemibhalo uphawula ingqophamlando ekuthuthukiseni ukubhalwa umcabango zezombusazwe zalo Russia ekhulwini le-19. Imisebenzi yakhe olusankondlo zihlukaniswa yokucabanga nokuqonda zefilosofi yezindlela yentuthuko yezwe lethu ukujula uma ziqhathaniswa emazweni Western Europe.

Umlandvomphilo ezimfushane

Alexey Khomyakov Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1804, emndenini lezinceku ahlukile. Wafundiswa ekhaya, wadlula ukuhlolwa wesayensi zezibalo e-University of eMoscow. Ngemva kwalokho, isazi sefilosofi esizayo futhi umbhali wacela, kwaba sebuthweni lezempi e-Astrakhan, wabe esethunyelwa enhlokodolobha. Ngemva kwesikhashana washiya isevisi wathatha journalism. Wayeya ngebhasi, wafunda umdwebo bese izincwadi. Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-19 sazi ekhulwini waba ideologist we indawo okuvela kuyo ukunyakaza Slavophile ngomcabango kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Wayeshade udadewabo imbongi Yazikova. , Alexey Khomyakov ukwelashwa ukugula abalimi wahlanganyela umqedazwe, kusukela wafa. indodana yakhe wayeneminyaka usihlalo we State Duma III.

Izici inkathi

umsebenzi Literary usosayensi waqhubeka umoya ukuvuselelwa umcabango kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho phakathi imibuthano elifundile umphakathi babe eshubile akuzo izindlela ukuthuthukiswa Russia, ukuqhathanisa sayo umlando emazweni Western Europe. Ekhulwini le-19 kwaba khona isithakazelo hhayi kuphela esikhathini esidlule kodwa nakulokho isimo samanje sezombusazwe enkundleni ngamazwe. Phela, ngaleso sikhathi, ezweni lakithi liye bahileleke ezindabeni zaseYurophu, ukufunda isikhala yamasiko eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Njengoba kulindelekile, ezifana izimo, nezazi waba nesithakazelo encazelweni kazwelonke, ehlukile indlela yentuthuko yethu ezweni. Abaningi baye bazama ukuqonda esidlule yezwe ngokomongo walo omusha isimo geopolitical. Lezo zinto zenziwa yilawa izimo ezathonya nemibono yososayensi.

nefilosofi

Alexey Khomyakov usungule isimiso eziyingqayizivele imibono yefilosofi, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, akalilahlile inani layo namuhla. izihloko yakhe futhi umsebenzi namanje ngenkuthalo betadisha neminyango umlando, ngisho abafundi esikoleni bayawazi imicabango yakhe izici indlela zomlando yentuthuko waseRussia.

sazi simiso izethulo kule ndaba original ngempela. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe, okokuqala, yini eyayimenyezelwa umbono wakhe ngale nqubo emhlabeni ngokomlando bebonke. It lunikezelwe umsebenzi wakhe sidle "Amanothi ku umlando wezwe." Alexey Khomyakov wacabanga ukuthi kusekelwe isimiso ukudalulwa zabantu uqalise. Zonke izizwe, ngokombono wakhe, kuyinto othwala isimiso esithile, lapho kwembulwa ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa kwalo ngokomlando. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokuvumelana isitatimende wesazi sefilosofi, kwaba umzabalazo phakathi oda ezimbili: inkululeko ukuswela. Ekuqaleni, amazwe aseYurophu baye basungula endleleni inkululeko, kodwa ngekhulu lesi-18-19 bachezuke lesi siqondiso ngenxa kuphazamiseka wamavukelambuso.

mayelana Russia

Nge endaweni efanayo zefilosofi Homyakov Aleksey Stepanovich wafika ukuhlaziywa yomlando Russian. Ngokusho kwakhe, ekuqaleni izwe lethu abantu kuyinto emphakathini. Lesi sikhungo kwezenhlalo, kuyaqondakala okungaka njengomgwamanda womphakathi, kodwa njengoba umphakathi nezimiso zokuziphatha zabantu ezihambisana collectivism zokuziphatha, umuzwa inkululeko kwangaphakathi futhi iqiniso. Lesi sazi umqondo ukubeka okuqukethwe zokuziphatha, bekholelwa ukuthi umphakathi isibe isisho indaba ka catholicity esingokwemvelo kubantu Russian. Homyakov Aleksey Stepanovich wacabanga ukuthi indlela waseRussia ukuthuthukiswa ezahlukene iNtshonalanga Yurophu. Inani oyinhloko awabela nge Bobu-Orthodox, okuyinto ichaza emlandweni wezwe lakithi, lapho West kulesi imfundiso.

Mayelana uthi ekuqaleni

Omunye umehluko wabona ngezindlela kumiswa isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona emphakathini. Emazweni Western Europe kwaba ukunqoba izindawo, kuyilapho ezweni lethu lwamakhosi esasungulwa ubizo. Izimo yokugcina wanika kumbhali zibaluleke kakhulu. Homyakov Aleksey Stepanovich, ogama nefilosofi uqalile Slavophil isiqondiso, wacabanga ukuthi leli qiniso isinqume ukuthuthukiswa obunokuthula Russia ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, akazange acabange ukuthi umlando Russian lasendulo yayingesinye elingenalo okwakubonakala.

ingxoxo

Kulokhu, lapho bangqubuzana nabanye ilungu ezidumile futhi ovelele Slavophilism Kireevskii. Lesi sakamuva, kwelinye izihloko zakhe wabhala ukuthi pre-Petrine eRussia bancishwa okwakubonakala nomphakathi. Homyakov Aleksey Stepanovich, incwadi lapho ngaleso sikhathi kunqunywa ukuthuthukiswa ukunyakaza Slavophile, wathi umsebenzi wakhe "Ngokuphathelene sihloko Kireyevski" Kwezemfundo e-Europe. "" Abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi Rus lasendulo yavuka ukuphikisana phakathi yasemakhaya, umphakathi-based, ukuthula kwesifunda futhi isikhulu, isimiso isimo, emele esikwatini. Lezi zinkampani ayifiki ukuvumelana sokugcina, ekugcineni anqoba isimiso isimo, kodwa collectivism walondoloza futhi kubonakala ukubiza Zemsky Sobor, ukubaluleka, ngombono wami, kwaba iqiniso lokuthi basho intando wonke umhlaba. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le nhlangano, kanye nomphakathi bese unquma ukuthi uyafaneleka ukuthuthukiswa Russia.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Ngaphezu zefilosofi Historico-zefilosofi izifundo, hamsters futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi indalo ngobuciko. Ungumnikazi imisebenzi esankondlo "Ermak", "Dmitry le Pretender". Of inothi oluthile nokuqukethwe kwalo yefilosofi enkondlweni. Kuzo umbhali ngokucacile bakhe imicabango ngezindlela ukuthuthukiswa Russian futhi Western Europe amazwe. Waveza umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi, ngendlela ekhethekile kuzwelonke-ehlukile yentuthuko yezwe lethu. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yakhe olusankondlo ababonakali ngezikhundla yokushisekela izwe. Abaningi babo ziphathelene zenkolo (isibonelo, inkondlo "Ubusuku"). Ukudumisa Russia, noma kunjalo waphawula futhi amaphutha isakhiwo sayo sezenhlalo nezombangazwe (le nkondlo "On the Russian"). Ngo okuqukethwe kwakhe lyrical futhi isebenza motif we Ukuqhathanisa izindlela ukuthuthukiswa Russia kanye West ( "Dream"). amavesi Alekseya Homyakova ukusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono yayo historiosophical Umqondo wokuthi izenzakalo ezingokomlando.

nokubaluleka indalo

Iqhaza wesazi sefilosofi empilweni setepolitiki Russia ekhulwini le-19 nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Nguye owaba umsunguli Slavophile Amathrendi ezweni lethu. Yakhe isihloko esithi "ubudala futhi entsha," wabeka isisekelo sokuba ukucabanga eziningana ongqondongqondo mayelana izici ukuthuthukiswa komlando. Walandelwa izazi eziningi zefilosofi kuye kwakhuluma ngale okuthuthukiswa ngayo umongo wendaba ka izici waseRussia kazwelonke (Aksakov bazalwane, Pogodin nabanye). Iqhaza historiosophical wacabanga Khomyakov omkhulu. Wabuza inkinga izici zomlando endleleni Russian ezingeni zefilosofi. Okokuqala, ayikho kulezinkulumo ososayensi akazange akwenze lokhu uhlobo ezibanzi ngokuvamile, nakuba umbhali akakwazi ngokuthi yesikhathi umqondo mlando, ngoba wayenesithakazelo jikelele imiqondo kanye nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamile kunokuba ukhonkolo impahla. Nokho, lokho ayekutholile netiphetfo abasakwazi ezithakazelisayo ukuze uqonde umcabango setepolitiki isikhathi embuzweni.