Biography nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa Marx. Sefilosofi uKarl Marx: amaqiniso athakazelisayo

umsebenzi kaMarx, sefilosofi esidumile German zezombusazwe kanye sezomnotho ahlale ethandwa kuze kube yilolu suku, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ndoda wahlala kusuka 1818 kuya 1883. Bekanye Engels, wabeka izisekelo Marxism.

amaqiniso ethakazelisayo

Marx bakhangwa lokhu ubuntu ephapheme ukunakwa abantu emhlabeni wonke. A imininingwane embalwa ethakazelisayo umbhali:

• Wazalwa emndenini ummeli, umJuda ngokuzalwa.
• Boy ubhapathizo esenzeka abavangeli isonto. Ubaba wathi ufuna ukungenzela ke, lokho kwakuyosho ukuphinde sifake ukwenqaba umndeni sokholo kuye.
• Umndeni ekuqaleni kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa, kodwa amane babo bafa ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ebudaleni. Lezi ezinye ezimbili, ngaphandle sefilosofi, esezibulala ngakho ukuthi wayenguKristu indlalifa okuwukuphela kwayo.

• Phakathi imisebenzi wamavukelambuso, sasibhekwa "ngabantu abangafuneki GRATA" eBelgium, eFrance naseJalimane.
• London isingathwe zokugcina 34 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe.
• Uma ucabangela itshe lethuna lakhe, kungenzeka ukubona ucingo ukuhlanganisa sabasebenzi emazweni onke.
• Marx, biography kanye incwadi namanje nesithakazelo kubantu abaningi, esiyingqayizivele ngisho ukuthi omunye ngokushesha njengoba 2013 ensimini ka WaseRussia yokumbonga ngokuthi ayizinkulungwane 1.343. Projects emadolobheni ahlukene yezwe.
• Nakuba anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa bamakhomanisi, umbhali akuvakashelwe Russia.
• umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela le "Capital".
• lwaphuka Life Marx 14.05.1883 wembelwa emathuneni of Highgate.

Sijule imisebenzi wesazi sefilosofi, abantu bazimisele phambili ukuhlola yomlando wakhe.

iminyaka Biography Young

05.05.1818, emzini laseJalimane TRIER wazalwa. Bazali, uyise nonina, Marx G. Pressburg abaningi babevela emikhayeni zorabi. Ngo-1824, baba ukufinyelela okholweni lamaLuthela. uyise komlobi kwadingeka imfundo enhle. umbono wakhe ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe kwakhiwa Kant sika ngemibono yefilosofi kanye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma sekukhona phakathi Ukukhanyiselwa.

Ngo-1835, uCharles wangena ubuhlakani umthetho wase-University of Bonn, bese idluliselwe Berlin. Eminyakeni esikoleni le nsizwa uyakuthanda umlando neziqondiso wasolula ngu Fichte. Wancenga uhlelo ezakhiwe Hegel.

Isazi sefilosofi nozwela imibono zimiswe Feuerbach, u-Adam Smith, uDavide Ricardo, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen, Weitling, Dezamy futhi Kaba.

Ukuqeqeshwa laqedwa 1841. Entwasahlobo ka-1842 wathola iziqu zakhe emva drawing mqondo okuhloswe ngazo ukuqhathanisa nokugxeka esingumGreki futhi Democritus.

Life kanye nezombusazwe

Ngo-1843 kwenzeka umshado Marx no Jenny von Westphalen, indodakazi ka umngane nemindeni yabo.

Ngemva kwalokho, wasebenza ukushicilelwa "Rheinische Zeitung" ku kumhleli weposi. Ngo-1843 wathuthela endaweni yaseParis, wamshaya wathinta umuntu ayejwayelene ne Democrats kanye Socialist. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ahlangana khona Engels. Kusukela ngo-1845 wahlala Brussels. Ngo-1847 yena waba ilungu imfihlo "INhlangano nje" kwalotshwa .Kwathi umsebenzi Marx, Engels sika "Manifesto wamaKhomanisi." Ngu abahlanganyeli "iNhlangano amaKhomanisi" esikhathini kusuka izenzo Revolutionary 1848 kuya 1849 waphenduka ukuhlulwa. Khona-ke sefilosofi wabuyela Paris. Ngo 1849 kwaba khona isinyathelo sokugcina - eLondon.

Ngo gg.nachal 50th ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono yakhe siqu komnotho. Isazi sefilosofi babevame e umtapo waseBritish Museum, lapho eqoqwe ulwazi ngomsebenzi wabo.

umlekeleli

Ubungane Engels, Umshicilelo eboshiwe 1844, eyathatha iminyaka engamashumi amane. Marx labetibambile duo ehola isikhundla. Nguye abahlola umlando kusuka iphuzu izinto umbono, ngaba mbono value added. Nokho, umngane wakhe wayengenandaba nawo connoisseur omkhulu yokuthengelana.

Njengoba umngane amsekela engumngane zokudala nangokuziphatha. Kungenzeka ukube bekungengenxa salokhu inyunyana abantu abanazo, eyabonakala ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngeke ziye kwakuqala ukwanda okunjalo. Ndawonye badabula inguquko thutha eNgilandi ngemva kokunqotshwa yayo.

imibono lemcoka

Ally Engels ngokwezimali asekelwe engumngane, ngakho imisebenzi kaMarx siqhubeke ishicilelwe. Ngo-1864 esehlela Lokuqala International. Ngo-1876 kwafika ukushicilelwa ivolumu 1st of "Capital". Okuqhubekayo kakade enyatheliswa Engels.

Phakathi zokuphila neminyaka yokugcina, isazi sefilosofi wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo enhlanganweni umsebenzi ahlangene sabasebenzi. 40-yalolucwaningo. - inkathi lapho biography noKarla Marksa kanye nomsebenzi sashintsha isigubhukane ngenxa ushintsho yayo kusukela imibono yeningi futhi izinguquko wobukhomanisi. Lwakhiwe theory izinto yomlando.

imisebenzi kaMarx aqukethe Ukugcizelelwa value added. Umlobi efunde indlela ukuvela ne-capitalism, wenziwe nokucabanga mayelana ushintsho esibi uhlelo lamaKhomanisi of ukusebenza umphakathi futhi ukuze ngisekele umbonwabo. Isici esiyinhloko ukushayela Kulokhu kuguquka, iyi-revolution we sabasebenzi. Ekupheleni kwe-XIX futhi XX leminyaka. imisebenzi emikhulu kaMarx yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi kanye imicabango yabantu.

umsebenzi

Ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu emehlweni sefilosofi emnothweni kungenziwa yahlulelwe ngokufunda "Imibhalo Yesandla wezoMnotho kanye Philosophical", abhalwe 1844. Esikhathini esifanayo, lapho ihlaziye umbono Hegel isakhiwo zomthetho wezwe. Ngo-1845-th kwakukhona ukushicilelwa "Umkhaya Ongcwele", futhi ngemva konyaka - "imfundiso German" owawungumnyaka co-umbhali Engels.

Ngo-1847 isazi sefilosofi wabhala "I Nendlala of Philosophy". Wabuye wafunda izici isigaba umzabalazo French esikhathini 1848-1850 GG., I kulwiwa, wagxeka Uhlelo Gotha.

Iningi yokuphila nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa Marx yayizimisele wezomnotho kwezombangazwe. Kule ndawo, wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele futhi abonise le abafundi imibono yakhe.

I "Capital" kuhlehlela isakhiwo esiqinile futhi enembile. Isazi sefilosofi Hegel reworked wemiqondo eyisisekelo wawabeka ifomu eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima enemininingwane. Lichaza ukuthi indawo enhloko-dolobha, kodwa kungani pho okwethulwa umcabango ngokwesayensi nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Umfundi uyaziswa mayelana nendlela ukukhiqizwa yayo senzeka. Engels umthamo 2nd, kulekelelwa idatha umsebenzi indlela yokucebisa, futhi 3rd ungeze incazelo izinhlobo inhlangano yokusingatha izimali ngendalo.

umsebenzi umphumela

umsebenzi kaMarx ekhuthaza abantu ukuba ushintsho ngokushesha. Ngo-September ka-1864, wahlela International 1st, inhloso okwakunzima yokuhlanganisa abasebenzi emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ngo "Capital" yakhe, wachaza ngolimi kufinyeleleke njengoba capitalism athuthukiswe futhi yini izici ezaba nomthelela lokhu. "Critique we Gotha Uhlelo" (1875) yayihloselwe ukuhlaziywa abasebenzi iphutha ukuphathwa we Democrats isiJalimane Socialists. Isazi sefilosofi ezikhonjwe amabili izigaba wobukhomanisi.

Lapho 1876 1st International usuhlakazekile, ngaphambi sazi kuyinselele entsha - ukudalwa amaqembu we sabasebenzi emhlabeni. Lezi imibono wathatha phezu uVladimir Lenin. Waba nabo esikhathini sakamuva.

ifa

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemva kokufa kaMarx, abaningi imibono yakhe kubo kwaqinisekiswa practice. Kunalabo zibikezelo akazange ayithethelele uqobo. Kuye kwaba nokusikisela ukuthi wazibonakalisa okungenasisekelo.

Njengoba wabikezela isazi sefilosofi, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni incike ngokuphelele inqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi. Sekube nokuqinisa umsebenzi komnotho wenarha yabo boke, inhlokodolobha isibe YeSizwe, emakethe international abakhona cishe zonke zithi. Nakuba Marx babekholelwa ukuthi inguquko zizokwenzeka lamazwe ahamba phambili wemakethe emhlabeni, kwathatha indawo eRussia, okuyinto ngaleso sikhathi kwaba poluotstaloy. Phakathi izingxabano nezenzo lempi zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili weza ukukhanyisa ezicashile bengahlonishwa emibhalweni sefilosofi, kodwa wayeqinisile kweziningi imibono yakhe.