Lo mbono wefilosofi njengoba isayensi ekhethekile

Umqondo nefilosofi eladabuka endulo kuhlanganisiwe buka theory kanye nama-generalized zomhlaba izazi yamaGreki asendulo. Ngokuphambene nokucabanga zenkolo, isici inkathi zasendulo Ephakathi, kule isayensi libhekene ulwazi okunengqondo, sithembele ulwazi esiwusizo futhi ngokwanele eqondile kokuhlaziywa ngokwesayensi. ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke zefilosofi, okuyinto endulo embozwe njengoba nezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi ngezinkanyezi, imiqondo zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, imuphi umbono womunye umuntu noma uthisha nabalandeli bakhe ukuba ngokoqobo ezizungezile.

Ngakho-ke, nomqondo wefilosofi yisona inhlanganisela imibono ehlukene eliyisisekelo mayelana nezwe kanye ndoda, kanye nobuhlobo phakathi umphakathi kanye nemvelo. Lezi ukubukwa uvumele abantu ukuba baphumelele kulolu ngokoqobo ezizungezile, ukushukumisa izenzo zabo, ukuthatha izenzakalo yangempela futhi lokho guided ngamatshe yamanani isici impucuko ethile.

Umphakathi: Umqondo umphakathi ifilosofi kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwesayensi, ngoba yokuphila komuntu ngamunye ayikwazi kubhekwe todvwa emphakathini. yezazi zasendulo kulokhu kubhekwe "umphakathi" njengoba inyunyana nokubambisana zabantu ziza ndawonye iqembu uyaqaphela futhi ngokuzithandela. Ngakho, u-Aristotle ngokuthi ngamunye a "isilwane zezombusazwe" ngubani baphoqeleka ukuba abambisane isimo, lapho ubudlelwano zakhelwe phezu kwesimiso ukubusa bese kwakuwukuthi. Kodwa uPlato kwakuyisazi sefilosofi lokuqala owabeka ukuthambekela nokuchazwa wobushiqela engasekelwe ohlelweni social, okuyinto indima sakugcina yomuntu.

Okunye imiqondo: I nemiqondo eyisisekelo nefilosofi zihlanganisa esigabeni 'umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke ", imikhawulo kanye amathuba bolwazi lwabantu, kanye nezinye izindaba. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo ososayensi lasendulo wayegxila ontology, okungase kubhekwe njengendlela imfundiso ehlukile wokuba. Lo mqondo wefilosofi ezikoleni ezahlukene kwadingeka yalo, kwezinye umzimba amalungiselelo aso zazisekelwe yokungenela kwaphezulu, futhi ezinye izazi ziye isihambile imibono yezinto ezibonakalayo. Inkinga wokuba, ngendlela yokuba futhi baqonde okushiwo khona kwezwe ukuxoxa amaGreki asendulo, futhi ngayinye kuwo bazama ukuthola bonke ubufakazi base phuzu yabo umbono.

Aristotle wafunda inkinga ukubukeka yomuntu, ekufuneni ukubonakaliswa isizathu sikaNkulunkulu nobufakazi kwamandla ombuso yokungenela ekubeni ngokoqobo ekhona, kuba ngendaba yokudala emhlabeni ukuze Metaphysics. Ontological isici wafunda ukuhlakanipha kwenkohliso eyize zefilosofi Ezikhathini zanamuhla, Nokho, umbuzo injongo yokuphila isivele kubhekwe todvwa ezimfundisweni lasendulo, futhi abameleli iningi lezikole kuleli XVIII-XIX ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka yokungenela ngamandla angaphezu kwemvelo nezidalwa e izenzakalo ezenzeka Emhlabeni.

Ekhulwini XIX nomqondo wefilosofi ngokuya kanzulu ku-anthropology, njengoba lesi sigaba ngesikhathi akayena isayensi ehlukile. Leli isici is ngokuhlola izici ezithile ntu ngezidingo zabo, okuyinto kudingeka wanelise. Ukuze uthole okufunayo, oyedwa ophoqelelwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo siqu ukuthi umvumele ukuba ngokuqiniseka ukuhambisa elitsheni.

Usosayensi German R. Lotze, owaphila ekhulwini XIX, phakathi ngokoqobo ekhona njengoba wodwana sisuse ukuthambekela komuntu. Phambili, uyakhohlwa ratio lezimiso zokuziphatha nezenkolo kanye real, ulwazi lwezesayensi ingcebo. Kusukela nalezi zindlela kuxhomeke izinkolelo nokuziphatha ngamunye athathwe, ubani ngifuna zabo imigomo ekuphileni futhi lokukufundza ebheke ezweni nezinto ezingokomoya noma ezingokwenyama.