Sefilosofi pessimist, irrationalist, negating iningi imiqondo nemibono - owaletha ngakho Shopengauer Artur yomphakathi. Kodwa yini eyenza lokho? Wamqhuba ukuba lo mbono? Yena wayelokhu ekholelwa ukuthi intando - legumbi ukuphila, ungamandla ukushayela ukuthi waphefumulela impilo ku-nathi, futhi wabangela ukuba ingqondo. Ngaphandle kokholo besingeke sibe khona ulwazi nokuhlakanipha lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu e ukuthi namuhla. Ngakho yini eyamshukumisela ukuba lendlela reflection?
ebuntwaneni
Isazi sefilosofi esizayo Arthur Schopenhauer, ogama usuku lokuzalwa uwela ngo-February 28, 1788, wazalelwa emkhayeni yomthengisi umbhali. Kusukela esemncane ubaba wazama ukuyifundisa uthando umfana ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa akazange aphumelele kuleli. Ezemfundo Arthur wathola babeyivakashela ngankathi: kwezinyanga eziningana ese-Le Havre, kusuka umlingani ibhizinisi zikayise kweminyaka eyi 9 ubudala, khona-ke ukuqeqesha e Runge, esikoleni elite - 11, futhi iminyaka engu-15 e osemusha washukumiseleka ukuba atadishe e-UK. Kodwa yokuwela kwakungafanele phezu, futhi ngesikhathi esincane ubelokhu emazweni amaningana aseYurophu iminyaka engu-2.
umndeni
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabazali Schopenhauer zaziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekugcineni, uyise washiya umkhaya, futhi kamuva wazibulala. Umama wale ngane kuthiwa engenangqondo kanjalo futhi umuntu ethokoza ukuthi pessimist Arthur futhi akazange abe nesineke ukuphila nge side yakhe eceleni, futhi abakushiyayo e 1814, kodwa baqhubeka ukulondoloza ubuhlobo nobungane. Lokhu kusiza sefilosofi abasha ukuba oxhumana nabo abaningi ezithakazelisayo futhi ewusizo phakathi Bohemians yesikhathi.
zokuba umuntu omdala
Ukuba isamba kahle esikhulu ebhange futhi ngahlala Shopengauer isithakazelo Artur kuziwa ekutadisheni e-University of Gottingen ochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili idluliselwe University of Berlin futhi ushintshe Faculty of Philosophy. Asinakusho ukuthi wayengumfundi okhuthele. ezinkulumo zakhe bangezi, futhi uvakashele abampofu, kodwa izinkinga ngempela ukhathazekile sefilosofi esizayo, wafundiswa kukho konke izindiza, bezama ukuthola umsuka wenkinga. Enjalo, isibonelo, kwadingeka umbono senkululeko yokuzikhethela, noma imfundiso yokuziphendukela Schelling ngayo izimfanelo yesibili, Locke. I ukunakekela okukhethekile wawudluliselwe mpendulwano kaPlato no Kant isakhiwo. Ngo-1813, u-Artur Shopengauer bavikela ocwaningeni yakhe zobudokotela phezu komthetho phansi okwanele. Bese usetha ukusebenza emsebenzini wakhe ezinkulu.
Ukuthengiselana zefilosofi
It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela indlela indoda engavamile kwakuyisazi sefilosofi Arthur Schopenhauer. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo esivulela abacwaningi, oqonda amarekhodi akhe siqu. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, ukungeneliseki professional, nokoma okungekona okokomela amanzi udumo futhi kwaholela umbhali uyahlanya ababuthakathaka, kungani kusukela ipeni wakhe uvele ukumedelela uvame ukuhlasela ngokungenabulungiswa izimbangi kusolwa.
Ngo 1818 wanyathelisa incwadi yokuqala, "Umhlaba njengoba Will futhi Ukumelwa," kodwa wahamba waphawuleka ngokuphelele ngumphakathi jikelele noma wezesayensi. Umshicileli balahlekelwa, futhi isazi sefilosofi safike nokuziqhenya ubuhlungu. Ukuze ukuthi avuselelwe emehlweni akhe, isazi sefilosofi abasha German Arthur Schopenhauer enquma abathethise e-University of Berlin. Kodwa kusukela kulesi sikhathi lapho wafundisa Hegel, abafundi abamane bangazishaya mkhuba abasha umsizi uprofesa nge umbono wakhe udangele ngokuphila. Engafuni ukuba yinto yokuhlekwa usulu noma ezidabukela, umbhali uya e-Italy, kude okumatasa inyuvesi. Kodwa ngemva konyaka ibuyisela futhi ukuzama inhlanhla yabo ku indlela yokufundisa. Ngisho ukufa nesitha 1831 benza izifundo ethandwa, futhi insizwa esencane liphelelwa befundisa zonke.
Moving. Ukuphila ne ishidi ohlanzekile
Ngemva kokushiya Berlin ngenxa umqedazwe ikholera futhi zayiswa Frankfurt, "ukuzalwa" entsha olulodwa - Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy kafushane futhi akuvamile, kodwa namanje kubaneka ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngakho, wayinqoba Isayensi Norwegian yi-Royal Society for esihlokweni sakhe. Ukushicilelwa yakhe yonke futhi ethandwa, futhi liphinde likhiphe of incwadi, manje ngobugebengu ku imiqulu emibili, waphinde wabonisa onamandla wokuba isehluleki. Negativism, misanthropy nokuphelelwa ithemba wakhula ngaphezulu Schopenhauer. Waqala zonda zonke izazi wholesale kanye ngamunye, ikakhulukazi Hegel, okuyinto sekungene imibono yabo kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
revolution
"A impi kwaba kusasa ...". Cha, yebo, akukho akukho mpi, kodwa emva kwempi ka 1848-1849 sengqondo abantu, izinkinga zabo, imigomo nendlela lekutsatfwa ngayo tintfo zishintshile eziningi. Babé ngaphezulu ukubukeka nizithibe futhi ngingenathemba ngesikhathi ngokoqobo elibazungezile. Lokhu kwavumela ithuba kuphakama, elingazange behluleka ukusizakala Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy kafushane ukwazi ukwamukeleka izinkulumo aphoristic kanye nemikhandlu, okuyinto bawile umphefumulo nabo. Le ncwadi yale ncwadi ulilethele udumo nenkazimulo kuya sefilosofi, zazo ayewaphuphile.
inkazimulo ngasekupheleni
Manje Shopengauer Artur kungaba aneliseke Isiphelo sakhe. endlini yayo yayigcwele, uzibophezele wonke waya izindawo zokuhlala. Amanyuvesi ufundile Izinkulumo ifilosofi yakhe, lapho abafundi siqu. Ngo-1854, Wagner wamthumela tetralogy yakhe edumile ethi "Ring we Nibelung" autographed lokhu ithokheni wokuphila kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, kufika kabusha hlobo "emhlabeni njengoba intando nasezimisweni zokuziphatha", futhi kamuva ngonyaka zibhaliwe izihloko zakhe, tindzaba tekuticambela aphorisms. Kodwa umbhali akambonanga kubo. Isifo samaphaphu wathola kuye ngokushesha, futhi ngo-September 21, 1860, washona mhlaka-Arthur Schopenhauer. Biography emfushane, eshicilelwe kamuva, wakwazi ukuthi singakwazi ukudlulisela iqiniso lamazwi akhe wesazi sefilosofi ngasekupheleni: ". kwelanga zonke ekuphileni kwami saba ukuntwela inkazimulo yami"
nefilosofi engenathemba kwaduma engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kwakuthinta okwamanje intando kufikile kusho okuningi kubantu, abasindile umlilo zokuvukela umbuso. Ngokusho la postulates, ukuhlupheka - kukuhle, nokwaneliseka - okubi. I ukuchaza ifilosofi sikhundla nje: Ukunganeliseki kuphela kusivumela babe nomuzwa ongaphezu babazi izidingo zabo nezifiso. Lapho isidingo kungalandelwa ke ukuhlupheka ubalekela isikhathi esithile, kodwa awukwazi awususe unomphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuphila - uchungechunge abaphethwe size sibelethe ukufa. Futhi njengoba isiphetho kuzo zonke lo mbono namafilosofi Schopenhauer lithi emhlabeni ezifana lokhu, kungcono ukuba azalwe cha. It kwakufanele nomthelela indlela esicabanga ngayo kanye nokubona zomlando izenzakalo ubuntu ezifana Fridrih Nitsshe, Freud sasho, Carl Jung, u-Albert Einstein futhi uLeo Tolstoy. Ngayinye yalezi abantu ngandlela-thile ukuthonywa ekukhuleni komphakathi, ushintshe umbono ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe ngalokho ukuphila kufanele kube. Futhi konke lokhu Kwakungenakwenzeka ukube kwakungengenxa senqaba futhi ukhohlwe ebusheni bakhe Arthur Schopenhauer.