Nefilosofi Analytical njengengxenye yokuphila yaseNtshonalanga kwekhulu lama-20

nefilosofi Analytic is eladabuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 emazweni aseNtshonalanga ohlangothini olusha zefilosofi, okusho okukhulu e ukusetshenziswa imigomo ethile, ukugxila inqubo yokucabanga, ukungabethembi ukucabanga zokucabangela. okwandile Ikakhulukazi le ndlela yokucabanga lithole emazweni anjenge eNgilandi, e-Australia, e-USA. mkhuba kohlaziyo ifilosofi lesiRotuma izincwadi Russian, kodwa iminyaka engu-80 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili.

Abasunguli we mkhuba zefilosofi ubhekwa George Moore futhi uBertrand Russell, noMphefumleli yayo ngemibono - umbhali odumile "Tractatus Logico-philosophicus" Lyudviga Vitgenshteyna.

Izici ezintathu eziyinhloko wefilosofi kohlaziyo yilezi:

• reductionism ngokwezilimi ukuletha zonke izinkinga ezikhona e ifilosofi izinkinga ulimi;
• noma ukuchema kuzo methodological, okusho ukuphikiswa bonke ekhona indlela kohlaziyo ukuba imisinga kwekhulu lama-20 yokucabanga zefilosofi;
• nokugqamisa semantic, okungukuthi, basuke bagxila ukunaka inkinga yamanani.

Analytical nefilosofi kwekhulu lama-20 - Ngokuyinhloko ifilosofi ulimi. Angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi ngenxa ukungapheleli ulimi, ubumbaxambili izinkulumo nemishwana, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi - abalandeli umbono omusha zefilosofi kukhona isizathu esiyinhloko ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi "ubudala". Ngokusho Wittgenstein, umsebenzi oyinhloko wefilosofi ukwakha yilokho okuvezwa kulezi zinto ngokuya kahle ulimi, okwakuyosiza ukuxazulula eminyaka ekhona mpikiswano zefilosofi mayelana kwengqondo nenhlalakahle, nokuziphatha kanye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Kungenxa yokuthi nefilosofi ahlaziye at the stage of buqala kwakufanele semthethweni ulimi phelelisa izimpawu zayo okunengqondo. Isixazululo sale nkinga abathintekayo abalandeli Wittgenstein, uRudolf Carnap, u-Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo wokwenza ulimi ekupheleleni walo ngokushesha okukhulu isiphelile, zefilosofi, kwathiwa baqaphela ukuthi ukuba khona ulimi ephelele nakuba kuvunyelwe, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenzeke. Ngokwesibonelo, ulimi esiqinile zezibalo Akwamukelekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi ikakhulukazi uma ubhala izincwadi ze-non-yesayensi, ikakhulukazi izinkondlo.

Namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lama-20 kubhekwa inkathi ebaluleke kakhulu yeminyaka zefilosofi isayensi kohlaziyo. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn abuya ekuthunjweni abazimisele (ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 wayesebenza njengoba othisha elula yasemakhaya ezindaweni Alps) e Cambridge. Lapha emhlabeni ngokushesha ke wakha isiyingi abalandeli abasha kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela yokucabanga kohlaziyo. imibono amasha owawusekelwe incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "Uphenyo Philosophical". Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe umsebenzi bokugcina bokuphila sefilosofi sika, wasebenza kuso kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1951.

Ngaphezu kwalokho athuthukile nefilosofi kohlaziyo kwaba ngemisebenzi Gilbert Ryle, nombhali "namaphuzu zefilosofi", "Isigaba" kanye nabanye abaningi. Inkinga eyinhloko lapho umbhali kuphakamisa ezincwadini zakhe, iyona mbuzo olula: "Okwenza umbuzo zefilosofi kuyinto zefilosofi?" Impendulo itholakala lokuthi injongo eyinhloko nefilosofi njengoba isayensi "Ukwambula" amaphutha categorical futhi ISIZINDA inhlobo ezihlakaniphile. Ezivela lokhu ukungaboni ngaso linye kungalungiswa ngokuqeda ukwaba izigaba ezahlukene okunomqondo A magama kanye namatemu.

nefilosofi ahlaziye kanye nemibono yayo zazithonya ngokuphawulekayo on ukuthuthukisa nefilosofi sisonke emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mkhakha nefilosofi isibe ezibanzi mkhuba kwamasiko, isikhundla eyisisekelo namanje oqinile eziningi amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi.