Kungani ingane akusho ukukhuluma eneminyaka engu 3: izimbangela nokuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma

Amazwi okuqala ka-nengane yakho izikhathi ongenakulibaleka empilweni yomndeni! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka inkulumo iyinkomba yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa evamile ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba ingane. Kodwa zonke izimo lapho izingane musa kahle amakhono okuxhumana kuze kube abasesikoleni ngokuvamile zibhaliswe emphakathini wethu. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Kuthiwani uma ingane engakhulumi eminyakeni 3? Esizoyiphendula zale mibuzo neminye ehlobene kunqanda zokukhuluma.

Mshini kumiswa yokukhuluma

Ngokuvamile abazali bazibuze kulokho yobudala izingane ziqala ukukhuluma ngani? Inqubo kumiswa yokukhuluma ngokoqobo iqala lokuzalwa futhi iphela eneminyaka cishe engu-4, lapho preschooler kakade uyazi ukuthi ukuphimisela imisindvo yelulwimi bomdabu, kanye ukwakha amagama futhi ukwakha imisho ngalokulingene. Kamuva kukhona ngcono ekhona emakhonweni nolwazimagama.

Esikhathini izincwadi ezikhethekile kukhona izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukwakha inkulumo:

1. Preparatory (kusuka ekuzalweni kuya onyakeni owodwa). Ukukhala, ingane kuqhakambisa yena futhi ikhuluma ngokuphila izidingo zabo futhi Gulen, ngiya okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqeqeshwe futhi ukuhambisana zitho sici olunezinyanga eziyisithupha imvuthu ukubonakaliswa yokukhuluma. Lapho eneminyaka engu-izinyanga 10-12, izingane eziningi sokujabulisa abathandekayo babo lokuqala esifushane, kodwa amazwi okunenjongo.
2. Oku-zasenkulisa esiteji (kusukela unyaka kuya kwemithathu) libhekene nokwenziwa asebenzayo of ukuhambisana imisindo, ngokuphinda amazwi abadala. Phakathi nale nkathi, izingane amazwi namanje ongaqondakali, nomqwayiba. Noma kunjalo pipsqueak eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu kakade esimweni ukuwudlulisela izicelo zabo omdala futhi ukuveza imizwa.
3. Pre-school (iminyaka emithathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa) esiteji. Kufika iminyaka emine izingane kakhulu bakheké ngokuphelele zvukoproiznosheniya. Ngalesi ubudala, izingane kungaba kakade exhunywe tindzaba letimfisha, ngenkuthalo ukukhuluma nezinye izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu kuyimi e nesilulumagama izingane kusukela 4000 kuya 6000 amazwi. Uma ingane alikhulumi iminyaka 3-5, kuzomele ukhokhe ukuliqaphela kanye nokubonisana ochwepheshe.
4. School esiteji libhekene ngcono yokukhuluma, ushona ulwazi nemithetho yolimi nendlela morphological.

Izizathu ukubambezeleka yentuthuko inkulumo

Kungani ingane akusho ukukhuluma eneminyaka engu 3 kamuva? Izimbangela kulesi simo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• Ngokwendlela umzimba owakheke ngayo (ubuthulu, pathologies azalwa naso Kuhambisana izitho, izifo CNS);
• ngokwengqondo;
• imfundo nebubi (ezemfundo).

Ngakho, uma ingane iminyaka engu-3 ikhuluma ezimbi, okokuqala kubalulekile bekholelwa ingane yakho i-izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze kutholakale imbangela SPP kukhona nokuvivinywa okuhlukahlukene futhi zokupopola asetshenziselwa ukuthi, ngokusekelwe yobudala lesiguli kanye nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe.

Ingane akakhulumi eminyakeni 3? Izimbangela kungaba ngokwengqondo nemvelo. Isimo ongakuthandi umndeni, ukuphikisana njalo, ukuxhumana engalungile abadala nengane, isijeziso ngokomzimba kungaholela yokuthi kid "uvala" ezweni yabo ethokomele. Kulokhu, isidingo zokuxhumana nabanye imvuthuluka bawe noma zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

ukuqeqeshwa okungafanele naso singaholela iqiniso lokuthi ingane umane ngeke kudingeke ukukhuluma. Ukufeza zonke izifiso ingane ekuhambeleni kokuqala, ngaphandle kokunikeza imvuthu ithuba ukuhlola umhlaba bebodwa futhi ukuveza imibono yabo siqu, hhayi okuhle kwe-abakhathalelayo nabanokwethenjelwa ukunikeza ingane yabo a senze. Izingane ezingaphansi eqeqeshwa ngokweqile abantu abadala, ungaboni isidingo ukuxhumana - ngabo njalo bayazi kahle. Omdala ingane, nzima ukuxazulula inkinga ye kwakhiwa.

Kuyini SPP?

Uma ingane akusho ukukhuluma ngezinye engu-3, ochwepheshe Ungabeka ukuxilongwa esidumazayo - SPP (kunqanda zokukhuluma). Ngokuzimela ukunquma le nkinga akunakwenzeka, ngoba kudinga ukuhlolwa multicomponent salokhu. Ngakho, ochwepheshe bazocula ukuhlolwa kanye nokuvivinywa ukucacisa ukwephulwa ngokomzimba, uzokubona inani silulumagama, imphimiso, impendulo ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle, ukucacisa isimo ngokwengqondo imvuthuluka. Phezu ukuthola noma iyiphi ngeziphambeko ezinkulu uphethwe odokotela SPP Ungabeka kid ngisho owodwa ubudala.

Uma yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ekukhuleni kwengane eye yaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi inhlolovo, izazi ukutshela abazali mayelana engqondo futhi inkulumo ukuthuthukiswa ukubambezeleka (CRA).

Lapho ikhalise i-alamu?

Abazali abaningi uma ingane yabo akusho ukukhuluma ngezinye engu-3, uchaza lokhu ngokuthi noma ngabe ngubani onolwazi imvuthu sekwephuzile washo amazwi abo kuqala futhi "Ayive imnandi rose." Ngeshwa, leli qiniso kubonisa kuphela ukuthi ingane ine yofuzo ukuze SPP. Khumbula ukuthi ngaphambili siqale ukulungiswa zokuthuthukiswa kolimi, ayanda amathuba okuphumelela imisebenzi enjalo.

Ngakho, ukutholakala komdlavuza usaqala izimpawu kanye nokufinyelela esifike Ochwepheshe kungaba kungithinte ingane kamuva ekuphileni. Uma ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-4 ubudala asikhulumi, izizathu uya kudokotela kungenzeka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• encane ukuhlukumezeka (kuhlanganise ukulethwa);
• ukuthola CNS iziyaluyalu izimpawu nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo;
• yokuntuleka grudnichka of ekuphenduleni imisindvo polutorogodovalogo umntwana - slovopodrazhaniya, izingane ezindala - amazwi futhi inkulumo axhunyiwe.

Ngendlela odokotela aphathe?

Abazali jikela wakhononda: "Lo mntwana engu-3 ubudala - alikhulumi." Okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba uthole ukuthi kutholakale imbangela yokushona isimo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ubheke ochwepheshe ezifana:

• wezingane - uyokwenza ubambe wokuhlola jikelele, ukucacisa ngeziphambeko ukuthuthukiswa ngokobudala;
• Udokotela wezindlebe uzohlola ingane ukulalelwa;
• sezifo ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwe-apharathasi inkulumo ;
• Umeluleki inquma degree kumiswa zvukoproiznoshenija;
• wezinzwa kungathola CNS iziyaluyalu;
• ingane sokusebenza kwengqondo kungasiza ukucacisa khona ngaphandle kokwesaba, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, nezinye izifo nezinkinga zangaphakathi.

izindlela Basic ukulungiswa SPP

Namuhla ezweni lethu, ukubambezeleka yentuthuko inkulumo iphathwa usebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• ukunakekelwa kwezempilo;
• yokufundisa;
• ukulungiswa.

amasu yezokwelapha

Lapho SPP uphethwe ngempela evame ukunikezwa imithi. Izidakamizwa esetshenziswa kusebenze "izwi band" ama- zobuchopho, ngokukhethekile, "Cortexin", "Neyromultivit" nabanye. Phezu ukuthola lokugula ngengqondo, akunikeze imithi, elungisa kulesi simo.

Futhi ngenxa excitation "inkulumo izikhungo" dokotela enganika ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ezifana yokwelapha kazibuthe noma electroreflexotherapy.

izindlela zokufundisa

Abazali, umbuzo ophakamayo, indlela yokufundisa ingane ukukhuluma eminyakeni 3? Ungasebenzisa izindlela Pedagogical yokuyala. Okokuqala, kufanele sinake izivivinyo sokuthuthukiswa emihle motor amakhono. Njengoba abacwaningi bathole ubudlelwano phakathi nokuhamba kwezindikimba iminwe kanye ukusebenza izindawo zobuchopho banesibopho ke. I kwezimilo zasenkulisa othisha zisebenzisa eziningi ezahlukene imidlalo ezithakazelisayo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukunyakaza ezincane, njenge:

• yokuzijwayeza iminwe;
• massage;
• Game-liner kanye sorter;
• amakilasi isihlabathi, amanzi, okusanhlamvu, izinto ezihlukahlukene touch;
• Jamal Theatre;
• olubunjiwe ngebumba, ubumba, usawoti inhlama;
• isithunzi yaseshashalazini.

Ngaphezu umzimba sokuthuthukiswa emihle motor amakhono, izindlela pedagogical zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

• imidlalo yaseshashalazini;
• instsenizatsiya yezinganekwane (ezasenkulisa amadala);
• ukufunda izinkondlo, ubuciko bomlomo isebenza;
• iqoqo izindaba by ngesakhiwo izithombe nabanye.

Abazali akhononde: "Lo mntwana engu-3 ubudala, ukukhuluma okubi Okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo.?" Kulokhu, izindlela zokufundisa eziphumelelayo kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo. Kodwa manje, uma ingane usho amazwi ongaqondakali, khona-ke uzodinga usizo kuyinto inkulumo Umeluleki noma inkulumo pathologists.

izindlela Ukulungiswa

Ukuze leli qembu izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kolimi zihlanganisa kokwelashwa kanye amakilasi zokulungisa. It is eziklanyelwe imisebenzi okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana isici siyachazwa. Ubani owafundisa abaqeqeshiwe inkulumo abelaphi noma defectologists. Lezi ochwepheshe zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukulungiswa yokukhuluma kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, Ihlahlubo degree SPP, ngokukhethekile, njenge:

• ukuhambisana umzimba ;
• kulungiselelwa umsindo nge "blade";
• massage logopaedic ;
• Izindlela sound- futhi slovopodrazhaniya;
• logoritmika nabanye.

Indima umndeni ekuthuthukiseni yokukhuluma encane

Naphezu izindlela ezihlukahlukene professional, indima esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni yokukhuluma kwengane udlala esimweni umndeni. izingxoxo Daily nge abadala abaseduze imvuthu Yiqiniso, ziyokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza izindlela ezikhethekile ukulungiswa. Nazi ezinye izincomo elula abazali:

1. Ngisho ngaphambi kokuzalwa imvuthu ukuxhumana naye, bacule naye iculo, wabelane imizwelo eyakhayo.
2. Funda ukuba anake kid ubudala ezama ukuba baveze abakucabangayo ngamagama, uyigcine ngaleso.
3. Uma leyo ngane izokwazi engu-3 ubudala alikhulumi - ngaphezulu umtshele ngokwakho, chaza konke okubonayo, musa, zizwe.
4. Kuvusa ingane ukuxhumana kunoma isiphi isimo.
5. Sungula amasiko akini ezifana ukufunda sokulala indaba, ukufunda amahlaya ngesikhathi egeza, beqhuba izivivinyo ekuseni evesini.
6. Ukunikeza ingane yakho play sokuthuthukiswa emihle motor amakhono.
7. Musa ukunamathela yakho yokuxhumana nabanye abantwana bakwa ingane.

Uma ingane engakhulumi eminyakeni 3 - lokhu akulona umusho, kodwa isikhathi uzindle izimbangela isimo esinjalo. Lapho inhlangano ngesikhathi esifanele umsebenzi kwezimilo, kanye nomthelela evumayo omkhaya, ingane ingase kahle uhambisane nontanga yabo ezingeni zokukhuluma, ukuba abe umhlanganyeli asebenzayo emphakathini yekuchumana.