Frensis Bekon: Biography, imfundiso zefilosofi

Ingubani: sefilosofi noma usosayensi othile? Frensis Bekon - wayecabangisisa enkulu the Renaissance-inkathi England. Indoda isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, abase indawo izikhala eziningi ayebone emazweni amaningana futhi wakhuluma amakhulu imibono uhlakaniphile, ukuthi abantu umhlahlandlela namanje. Isifiso ilwazi namakghono ukukhuluma Bacon kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala waba nendima esemqoka kule iNguquko njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi yesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, izimfundiso zika-Aristotle futhi scholasticism, ayesekelwe nemagugu emasiko nesimo esingokomoya, ziye waphikisa empiricist Francis igama isayensi. Bacon wagomela ukuthi intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe kuphela angamvusa impucuko futhi ngaleyo ndlela enothisa esintwini ngokomoya.

Frensis Bekon - Inqubomgomo Biography

Bacon wazalelwa e-London ngo-January 22, 1561, ihlelwe i umndeni ngesiNgisi. Uyise wayekhonza esigodlweni ka-Elizabeth I, umgcini uphawu wasebukhosini. igama likanina lalingu-indodakazi Anthony C. Cook, owakhuliswa iNkosi u-Edward VI. abesifazane Bafunde abazi zesiGreki nesiLatin, lo Francis abasha bagxilisa inzondo uthando ukufunda. Yakhula smart futhi smyshlonym umfana uhlangabezana isithakazelo esikhulu ngaphasi komkhakha wezesayensi.

Eminyakeni 12, Bacon wabhalisa e-University of Cambridge. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe sefilosofi luhamba. ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, kwamasiko nezenhlalo eFrance, eSpain, Poland, Denmark, Germany kanye Sweden baye washiya isigxivizo yabo isihloko esithi "Ohambweni isimo Europe", ebhalwe wayecabangisisa. Ngemva kokufa Bacon, uyise waphindela kwelakubo.

Umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe, uFrancis akwenza lapho wawenyukela IsiZulu sobukhosi Korol Yakov I. sefilosofi lwalulapho Attorney General (1612), kanye yangasese Seal (1617), futhi uJehova Shansela (1618). Nokho, ukuvelela okusheshayo yaphela ukwehla.

Ngemva ohambweni lokuphila

Ngo-1621, Bacon ukuthi iNkosi usolwa ngokunukubeza bathatha imali yokugwazelwa babafaka (siqala ezinsukwini ezimbili) futhi bathethelelwe. Ukulandela umsebenzi ka Francis kwezombangazwe iphelile. Zonke Eminyakeni eyalandela wafundiswa isayensi ucwaningo. Isazi sefilosofi washona ngo 1626 kusukela umkhuhlane.

Bacon - umlobi imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise:

• "Okuhlangenwe Nakho Nezingxoxo imfundo '- e 1597 - oshicilelweni lokuqala. Incwadi ke izikhathi eziningi zibhaliwe kulekelelwa. Umsebenzi siqukethe eseyi kanye eseyi lapho sazi ecabanga ngezombusazwe nokuziphatha.
• "Ukubaluleka impumelelo nolwazi yaphezulu womuntu" - 1605
• "Ukuhlakanipha basendulo" - 1609
• Izincazelo nezihlakaniphi zomhlaba.
• "Ngo esiphakeme", lapho ekhuluma izinzuzo nezingozi nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu. "Ngezinye iphuzu esiphezulu ke kunzima ukungacasuki, kodwa ayikho indlela emuva, ngaphezu ukuwa noma, okungenani, entshonalanga ...".
• "Organon okusha" - ngo-1620 - incwadi yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi isikhathi elalinikezelwe Ukwahlukaniswa isayensi, izindlela zayo kanye namasu.
• "On isithunzi kanye nekusita Sciences" - ingxenye yokuqala 'sokubuyiselwa Omkhulu of Sciences ", ivolumu imisebenzi Bacon.

utopia Phantom noma umbono ngekusasa?

Frensis Bekon. "Okusha Atlantis." Laba bobabili imigomo ifilosofi, okungase kubhekwe lahlotshaniswa. Umsebenzi wobuciko noma washiya konke ungakapheli, kodwa unezinkolelo wonke umsunguli walo.

"I-New Atlantis," esanyatheliswa 1627. Bacon ushukumisela umfundi esiqhingini esikude, lapho olukhulayo impucuko ekahle. Zonke sibonga kwentuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, engakaze ibonwe ngaleso sikhathi. Bacon olufana amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka kuze kube sesikhathini esizayo, ngoba ungafunda e-Atlantis ku-microscope, ukuhlanganiswa kwezici izidalwa eziphilayo, kanye ikhambi lazo zonke izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqukethe incazelo ka ezihlukahlukene, okwamanje evulekile, umsindo kanye namadivayisi ukuzwa.

Isiqhingi uqondisa umphakathi ube nobunye amadoda ayinhloko ohlakaniphile yezwe. Futhi uma inkinga Bacon ababengaphambi wathinta yamadlela-ndawonye, bese lo msebenzi technocratic ngokuphelele.

Ukubheka impilo ngeso sefilosofi

Umuntu owasungula le ukucabanga ngezikhathi zanamuhla kuwukuzibophezela Frensis Bekon. sazi nefilosofi ophika imfundiso esikoleni futhi kwasekuqaleni ubeka isayensi kanye nolwazi. Ukwazi imithetho yemvelo nemigwalo inzuzo yabo, umuntu okwaziyo hhayi kuphela ukuze uthole amandla, kodwa ukuba bakhule ngokomoya.

Francis waveza ukuthi bonke okwatholwa eziye zashiwo ingozi, ngoba bambalwa kakhulu abantu ephethwe izindlela zesayensi kanye namasu. Bacon lokuqala Uzame ahlukanisa isayensi isekelwe izakhiwo ingqondo: inkumbulo - indaba umcabango - kungcono izinkondlo, ingqondo - kuba ifilosofi.

Ikakhulu endleleni yolwazi kumele kube indlela exhasa futhi nakho. Noma yiluphi uphenyo kumele kuqale ubonwa ngamehlo kunokuba zibhalwe ngenkolelo yokuziphendukela. Bacon ukholelwa ukuthi uphumelele kuyoba nguwe ukuhlola kuphela, okuyiwona izimo kushintsha njalo isikhathi nendawo, kanye nezimo. Matter kuyinto sonke isikhathi kumele kube kunyakaza.

Frensis Bekon. empiricism

Usosayensi nefilosofi kwakhe umphumela kwaholela ukuvela imiqondo ezifana "empiricism": yolwazi iwukuthi ngokuzibonela. Kuphela ngokuba ulwazi ngokwanele futhi nakho, ungakwazi ukubala imiphumela yemisebenzi yayo.

Bacon ikhomba izindlela eziningana kokuzuza ulwazi:

• "Indlela besicabucabu" - ulwazi is etholakala isizathu okumsulwa, indlela enengqondo. Ngamanye amazwi, kuwebhu Welukwa imicabango. izici Specific kungukuthi kunakwe.
• "Indlela Izintuthwane" - ulwazi eyatholakala ngokuzibonela. Igxila kuphela uqoqa yamaqiniso nobufakazi. Nokho, ngokuyisisekelo uhlala akucacile.
• "Indlela izinyosi" - indlela ephelele, elihlanganisa izinga okuhle kanye besicabucabu kanye intuthwane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bancishwa ukushiyeka kwabo. Ukulandela le ndlela, bonke yamaqiniso nobufakazi kumele idlule iphrizimu ukucabanga kwakhe ngokusebenzisa ingqondo yakhe. Futhi kuphela ke uzothola iqiniso.

Izinto Ezithiya ulwazi

Akukhona njalo kulula ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Bacon uthi ezimfundisweni zakhe mayelana izithiyo isipoki. Bona iyakuphazamisa inhliziyo yakho nemicabango. Kunezithiyo azalwa naso futhi atholwe.

Isegazini "uhlobo izipoki" futhi "isipoki emhumeni" - ngakho uhlukanise sefilosofi yena. "Ghosts uhlobo" - ulwazi ebambezela mpilo esintu. "Ghosts womhume" - wokwazi umphumela kokuphazamisa abantu abathize.

Ngazuza "ghost emakethe" kanye "izipoki zale nkundla." I ehilela kuqala kabi kwamagama nezincazelo. Indoda ithatha konke ngokoqobo, futhi kuphazamisa ukucabanga kwesokudla. Inkinga yesibili - kungcono nomthelela ulwazi ekhona wefilosofi. Babemshiyile kuphela ubudala ongaqonda entsha. Ethembele isipiliyoni ubudala, wasidlulisela ngokusebenzisa imicabango yabo, abantu bayakwazi impumelelo.

izingqondo Omkhulu abafi

Amanye amadoda amakhulu - emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva - zisenza kwabanye. Bekon Frensis - umdwebi Expressionist besikhathi sethu, kanye inzalo wesazi sefilosofi-wayecabangisisa.

umculi Francis-ahlonishwe usebenza kayisemkhulu, ngazo zonke izindlela walandela imiyalo yakhe kwesokunxele in the izincwadi "smart". Frensis Bekon, ogama biography yaphela hhayi kudala, ngo-1992, yaba nethonya elikhulu emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Futhi lapho sefilosofi ngalithatha ngaya amazwi umzukulu wakhe okude - upende.

Phakathi nobungqingili lwakhe Francis Jr. ukuthi dula aphume endlini. Ezulazulayo ngokusebenzisa IFrance neJalimane, yena ngempumelelo got embukisweni Picasso ngo-1927. Yena kwakufanele umthelela omkhulu guy. Bacon wabuyela eLondon lwakhe lwendabuko, lapho uthola encane igalaji-workshop futhi iqala ukwakha.

UFrancis Bacon wathi ubhekwa abaculi emnyama wesimanje. imidwebo yakhe - hle bonakaliso. Anyakaza, egcwele yithemba ubuso Silhouettes becindezelwe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kusenza sicabange mayelana nenjongo yokuphila. Phela, wonke umuntu kufihlwe bombo kahle, futhi indima ngokuthi sisebenzisa izikhathi ezihlukahlukene.

Naphezu esigayegayeni yakhe, izithombe athandwa kakhulu. connoisseur Omkhulu yobuciko Bacon - Roman Abramovich. Ngesikhathi endalini, wathengela lo mdwebo "Oyingqopha-mlando okukakhenoni XX leminyaka" ayelingana kwezigidi ezingu 86,3 zamaRandi!

amazwi sazi

Ifilosofi - isayensi okuphakade yamanani okuphakade. Noma ubani uyakwazi ukucabanga kancane - "kancane" Isazi sefilosofi. Bacon eqoshiwe imicabango yakhe noma nini nanoma kuphi. Futhi eziningi izingcaphuno yakhe abantu nsuku zonke. Bacon uvelile ngisho ubukhulu kaShakespeare. Ngakho uthi besikhathi sakhe.

Frensis Bekon. Quotes ukuba uqaphele:

• Waddling emgwaqeni ukugijima uqonde udlule ukuthi yaduka.
• Ezweni zobungane kancane - kanye kunabo bonke phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo.
• Akukho lutho mubi sokwesaba uqobo.
• Isizungu esibi kunazo - hhayi ukuba abangane beqiniso.
• Stealth - isiphephelo ababuthakathaka.
• Ebumnyameni - konke nombala ofanayo.
• Hope - kwasekuseni ezinhle kodwa esakusihlwa ezimbi.
• Okuhle yilokhu ulusizo indoda, isintu.

Ulwazi amandla

Amandla kuyinto ulwazi. abstracting kuphela wonke umuntu nayo yonke into, ngokuvumela isipiliyoni sakho kanye nakho ngaphambili yabo ngokusebenzisa ingqondo yakho siqu, ungakwazi ukuqonda iqiniso. Enganele ukuba umhlaziyi, kumele ube udokotela! Ungesabi ukugxeka kanye ukulahlwa. Futhi ubani owazi, mhlawumbe kuvulwa enkulu ngawe!