YaMZ-238: izici lobuchwepheshe. Udizili izinjini for namaloli

Udizili izinjini emhlabeni namuhla efakwe amaloli, ogandaganda, izimoto ipulazi kanye nogandaganda. kumakhophi Domestic okuthembekile motors wesinye isizwe ungumthombo YaMZ-238. It efakwe inqubo eyaziwa njenge MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, Zil, DON, K-700 kanye nezinye izimoto. Yiqiniso, injini ayekuhlosile kukhiqizwe Minsk Automobile Plant. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaba ukuthi YaMZ-238 injini kabani ukucaciswa okusezingeni eliphezulu, iyona engcono kunazo udizili wase-USSR futhi post-Soviet isikhala, futhi kalula ancintisane brand owaziwa ezifana MAN kanye DAF.

Uhlolojikelele

YaMZ 238 ubuyisela ephelelwe yisikhathi YAAZ-motors 204 futhi 206. YAAZ yasungulwa 50s edume umklami Soviet Chernyshev GD, nakho kwaba umbhali YaMZ-236.

Lokhu injini ithole kwayo ngenxa ukwethembeka futhi ukuhambisana ne izimoto eziningi kanye nogandaganda. Sekuphele iminyaka engu-65 kusukela ngo-ukusungulwa motor lokuqala, futhi ukuthandwa lezi izinjini liye landa kuphela. Lula ukusebenza, ukukhanda kanye nokugcinwa wenza YaMZ 238 iyithuluzi elibalulekile e ezolimo kanye nokwakhiwa izinkampani eziningi, abasebenzisa izimoto zabo kuleli motor.

Yiqiniso, iminyaka eminingi ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, lokhu injini esethole eziningi zokuguqulwa, kodwa isakhiwo esiyisisekelo ayikashintshi, kuphela izilungiso ababenziwe design jikelele.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Cabanga YaMZ-238 Ukucaciswa motor.

Injini has a ukumisa V amasilinda 8 zazo wahlela imigqa 2. Valve 16 futhi ahlinzeke ekahle ukukhululwa umjovo. Njengoba ne 236-m, umvimbo piston kuyinto 140 mm, ububanzi cylinder ka 130 mm. Liquid YaMZ injini Ukupholisa uhlelo 238 inikeza umphumela esiphezulu futhi akusho overheat motor.

Umqulu zokusebenza 14,866 amalitha namandla ngokuvumelana ukuguqulwa kungenzeka 235-420 amahhashi. YaMZ-238, izici kabani lobuchwepheshe uvumele kwezinye izimo ukuthuthukisa umthamo afika ku-500 amahhashi, Kumiswa Ungancomi kuphela, kodwa futhi izimoto nezinye idatha design. Futhi phezu izinguqulo ezintsha usebenzisa turbocharging, enikeza ithemba kakhudlwana futhi traction ngesikhathi ukusebenza.

kudivayisi

Pump YaMZ-238 - i- futha fuel, okuyinto kusengathiwa isiteshi nophethiloli. Itholakala ngokuwa amandla iyunithi futhi unikeza fuel ukuze isilinda ngayinye, futhi umjovo wenziwa ngokushesha.

On injini ikhanda block isethwe ezimbili, okuyinto zenziwa cast iron. Camshaft steel is oluqanjwe wokushaya ubuchwepheshe. The main amandla iyunithi senziwa cast iron, kanye crankshaft wenziwe lukhuni workpiece vytachivaniya indlela.

Uhlelo umjovo yakhiwa ukuze YaMZ Umfutho ukumpompa 238 ihambisa uphalafini injectors ukuthi enze umjovo. Okokhelekayo umjovo imishini kule injini ingenye ephelele kakhulu emhlabeni. Thayipha plunger uhlelo, it has a bamba centrifugal, okuyinto ngokwayo ezilawulwayo.

pistons Reflux kwenzeka kusukela ephezulu amandla aluminium, evumela hhayi waphuka ngaphansi unyathela amabhuleki esindayo. Ngamunye wabo has eyodwa bushelelezi indandatho kanye ezintathu kokucindezelwa.

YaMZ-238 Ukucaciswa kanye nomklamo okuyinto onokwethenjelwa futhi elula, has a ukuphila inkonzo 800 ayizinkulungwane. Km, futhi, uma unakekelwa kahle bungatholakala 1 million amakhilomitha.

Ukufakwa kwamanye izimoto

YaMZ 238 kabani ukucaciswa okusezingeni eliphezulu, ingafakwa ezinye izimoto. Ngakho, ushintsho owabeka amaloli, ukwakhiwa kanye nemishini yezolimo. Isibonelo, nge YaMZ KAMAZ-238 yabonisa kahle, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, ngokungafani yasekuqaleni Kama motor.

Yiqiniso, ezimotweni eziningi saba uzenze izakhi yasibamba samandla iyunithi, setha nezinye ukudluliswa, kodwa kuyafaneleka ngokuhamba nokugcinwa nokulungiswa.

ukulungiswa

Engine ukulungisa YaMZ 238 oluphethwe lula ngokwanele uma lona letinemakhono ubuciko. Inkinga eyinhloko search for izingxenye ezisele, kodwa abakhiqizi abaningi ukunikeza ithuba lokukhetha kusuka ezahlukene. Nge nokuqala kwezinkinga zokuwa komnotho kuye kwandisa inqubomgomo zamanani, kodwa esingaphansi izinjini ukwakhiwa angaphandle.

Cabanga, okuyiwona izingxenye ezisele baguqulelwa kaningi lapho wenza ukulungiswa ezinkulu, okuyinto asitholayo YaMZ-238. Imininingwane kulesi simo, futhi, bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kukhona ezizukulwane eziningana motor, ngakho kukhona ezinye iphutha. Ngakho, senza uhlu esikhululekile izingxenye uhlu:

1. Amafutha lwezimpawu crankshaft futhi camshaft.
2. Ukunikeza ukuba / kushaft.
3. Gilzokomplekty (plunger umunwe emikhonweni, tetifundvo).
4. yokuxhuma induku bushings.
5. Valve qeda kanye itheku.
6. Valve izihlalo.
7. Umhlahlandlela bushings.
8. Amafutha seal valve.
9. Ifaka zomdabu induku yokuxhuma.
10. Izihlungi.
11. Oil.
12. Gasket.
13. Futhi ezinye izingxenyana ezincane.

Lapho elungisa ngokuvamile isilinda block kanye crankshaft angaphansi ngaphansi ukwakhiwa kabusha wazalela osayizi, nenhloko isilinda kukhona indiza phansi. Izindleko isilinganiso ukulungiswa ezinkulu YaMZ-238 kuyinto ruble mayelana 80000-100000, kuncike esifundeni kanye izingxenye akhethiwe sokuphumula. Kuyinto ezishibhile ukuthenga injini entsha.

isevisi

Khonza YaMZ-238 (kabani Ukucaciswa nemiphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu) Kulula kakhulu. Ngakho, esikhundleni njalo lamafutha nokuhlunga ngeke kuphela ukuthuthukisa impilo egcwele, kodwa kwezinye izimo, udlule. Cabanga ngalokho kumele ishintshwe at MOT njalo:

• Amafutha ivolumu 25 amalitha. Yilokho kangakanani is batheleka injini. Phela, lo mbono udizili yezihlanganisi uketshezi ezifana M10G2K futhi M10DM.
• Amafutha zokuhlunga. Kuye design kanye ukuhlela kabusha kungaba letingemasayizi lahlukene kanye nezinhlobo.
• Okokhelekayo nezihlungi esikhundleni kumelwe nakanjani, ngoba izinga uphethiloli yasekhaya abampofu.
• Ukulungisa kits indawo futhi emihle fuel nokuhlanzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, ukufundwa injectors futhi umfutho ophakeme fuel futha.