Kuyini nobuntu ukuqonda zo lasendulo nezazi zefilosofi Yenguquko

Humanism - uhlobo olukhethekile sinesimo sengqondo zefilosofi, okuyinto isekelwe enkolelweni lamanani kunazo zonke ezingenziwa umuntu; sefilosofi umuntu womuntu sezifundo - maphakathi nezwe, esilinganisweni zonke izinto, umqhele endalweni kaNkulunkulu.

Humanism ifilosofi iqala ukuthatha ukuma endulo, definition zayo zokuqala sithola ngemisebenzi Aristotle Democritus.

Humanism esikweni lasendulo

Kuyini nobuntu ukuqonda zo lasendulo? Ekhipha zefilosofi zasendulo - lena eliphakeme intuthuko nokuchuma izici best namakhono. Umuntu kumele silwele iSilekeleli Sokwazisa, self-imfundo; umuntu kufanele kube obunobunye ngobulungiswa, emagugu ephelele.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi umbono zobuntu ku backburner, abangu zithathelwe le mibono belusizi ka ukuzila zenkolo, nivume yemvelo nganoma yisiphi izifiso womuntu kanye nezidingo. Izimfanelo eziyinhloko zazibhekwa ezilandelayo: ukuzibamba, ukuthobeka, ukukholwa nesono yasekuqaleni ngabantu. Imibono nezimfundiso namafilosofi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuqondwe eside ukhohliwe, zefilosofi yaseGrisi yasendulo neRoma kwathiwa abeZizwe ophambukayo.

Renaissance zobuntu

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo ifa endala kubonakale kwaqina ngesikhathi Renaissance kuphela. Ithonya esontweni umphakathi kakhulu kwehle, isayensi nekhono saphela luyingxenye zenkolo, Babekhululeka, neteologicheskie eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma zefilosofi nezimfundiso. Ukulondolozwa, ngezigaba kanye cwaningo yemisebenzi zefilosofi futhi izazi zasendulo kwaba umgomo oyinhloko we abaphika ezikhathini zanamuhla. Okuphoqelekile ngabo kwaba isifundo lwezilimi zasendulo - Latin futhi sidilizwa ngesiGreki.

Ukuzaliseka Yempucuko zefilosofi, okungukuthi zobuntu uvele share okwakhe kanye nesazisi. Renaissance zobuntu eyinqaba futhi eyingqayizivele. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi obonwa zonke kwaba ukubaluleka humanities; Amanani jikelele (ukunakwa ngoba uhlonipha imizwa nezidingo zomuntu, ububele, uzwela) babengekho ayibalulekile kunalokho, isibonelo, inkolo, zenkolo ezimfunekweni mkhosi nemikhuba.

Umsuka Renaissance zobuntu esivela imisebenzi yesayensi nezinto zobuciko zabantu base-Italy amakhulu - Dante Alighieri futhi Francesco Petrarca. Ngenxa umkhathi jikelele inkululeko, ukukhulekela ubuhle, ukhangwa amafomu amasha yobuciko, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba khona simanga - nenkathi emfushane High Renaissance (1500-1530). Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi geniuses ngeNkathi Yenguquko (Rafael uSanti, uLeonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo) zadalwa imisebenzi elikhulu kakhulu lobuciko.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nobuntu Renaissance lasakazekela ezisenyakatho-Europe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Northern Renaissance, ngokungafani isiNtaliyane, kwaba kakhudlwana isiko lenkolo. Umqondo oyinhloko we abaphika Christian - ekuphuculeni njengomuntu simo lesisisekelo ukuze ngithole insindiso. Sihlaziya yini nobuntu ukuqonda ifilosofi zenkolo. Kuphela ngokulandela imiyalo kaNkulunkulu, ngokwakho konke nezidingo inkolo nezincwadi ezingcwele, lo muntu angase ozahlanjululwa, eduze izimiso ubuhle, ubuhle, ukuvumelana. Lena ngokucacile kakhulu umbono zobuntu theistic sizivezile emisebenzini ka-Erasmus, Willibald Pirckheimer.

Impendulo yakhe yombuzo ngalokho kuba nezidingo zomuntu, futhi unike yesimanje izazi zefilosofi. Isiko Renaissance zobuntu namanje nginikeze izikhundla zabo ifilosofi yesimanje baseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ukukholelwa emandleni indoda, anenhlonipho ngokumthanda omnipotence, le omnipotence lomuntu oyedwa, inkolelo ethembeni kungenzeka umphakathi ekuthuthukiseni - konke lokhu kwenza isintu enkambweni lesichubekako kakhulu futhi ithele wefilosofi yesimanje.