Apologetics - ke ... Apologetics futhi Patristics

medieval nefilosofi isikhathi ihlanganisa ukuthi eminyakeni engamakhulu ayishumi e-Europe (kusukela V ukuze xv). Ephakathi ifilosofi kungenziwa olunye yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokulandelana kwazo: ukuxolisa, patristic, ezintweni zesikole.

Isici esiyinhloko nefilosofi medieval kwaba Theocentricism, walaliswa esekelwe okuhlala waseBhayibhelini. Ngokusho abantu abaningi ngeNkathi Ephakathi kuhlotshaniswa 'isikhathi amnyama "lapho isayensi European ngacishe ngayeka sokugcwaliseka kwaso. Nokho, empeleni? Izinkulumo-athikili mayelana Ephakathi ezifana patristic futhi axolise, kanye nabameli babo eyaziwa kakhulu.

Apologetics futhi Patristics

Ifilosofi Ephakathi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ngokuthi "ifilosofi umbhalo", njengoba zefilosofi sikhathi ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela nokuchazwa imibhalo yenkolo. Ngokwakhe inkathi iqala ekhulwini V, futhi ososayensi baye exhumene ke emuva kokuwa enamandla yoMbuso WaseRoma. APOLOGETICS patristika futhi - ke nje isikhathi sokuqala ifilosofi Ephakathi, kulandela ngezindawo. Kuyinto ngalezi nezikhathi uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Apologetics - lena lokuqala nefilosofi ephakathi, esadaleka ukuvikela ubuKristu ngokumelene imibono linqoba ngesikhathi imibono yobuqaba. Abalweli Bokholo babone ngesisekelo isifundiso kuyifilosofi yobuKristu.

Kamuva lapho patristic - imfundiso kaZiqu-okuthiwa "oFata beSonto", okuyinto waveza amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo kuyifilosofi yobuKristu kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenkolo nawukucabangela zenzelwe.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "apologetics"

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi "apologia" isiGreki lisho "Ukuvikelwa". Apologetics - kuyisivikelo wamaKristu okuqala kusukela ebuqabeni. I umlweli edume kakhulu kwaba uJustinian Martyr.

Igama elithi "apologetics" ifilosofi uvele hhayi ngephutha. Iqiniso lokuthi imisebenzi abavikeli ubuKristu ngokuthi ke ukuxolisa. Kamuva leli gama yaziwa futhi kubhekiselwa kuyo yonke inkathi yomlando.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye Abalweli Bokholo ekuseni

Ukuvikelwa emaqenjini amaKristu futhi sisekele ilungelo owazibiza nkolo entsha - zibalulekile ebuhanjisweni asethwe uqobo apologetics. Lokhu wavezwa nokuloba amaphepha, okuyinto ayebhekiswe okokuqala ukuba abamele amandla - sababusi nababusi. Emibhalweni yakhe, Ingabe Abalweli Bokholo baye azama ukukholisa ababusi ukwethembeka abalandeli wenkolo yakhe entsha. Iningi imisebenzi yakhe, bavele wathumela amadoda izingqongqo, ukuze uwafunde.

Lapho ebhekene ukuhlukunyezwa njalo ayesekela yonke imizamo ukuze afeze ukuqashelwa yenkolo yabo. Baphenduka futhi abalandeli bakhe, ukuba amaKristu okuqala. Nokho, bakholelwa ngokuqinile abaphefumulela wokuphika oluqoqiwe kanye ukhetho futhi ukhuthaze nokufel 'ukholo.

Ingabe Abalweli Bokholo lokuqala nobudlelwane phakathi nefilosofi

Indlela esiphatha ngayo apologetics Christian nabameleli bayo nefilosofi njengoba enjalo? Lokhu kubuye udaba kubaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto ukuqonda. Ngokuvamile, kuyafaneleka Abalweli Bokholo siphawula kwakungekaNkulunkulu nefilosofi kunalokho ngokwesaba nzondo ezithile. Evelele yobuqaba nefilosofi bamelana ukuhlakanipha kukaNkulunkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abameli musa ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye abezizwe "khanyisa" sibonga ifilosofi ngamaKristu.

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Abalweli Bokholo empeleni kwakungafanele nefilosofi njengoba enjalo. Kunalokho, rhetoricians. Ezeni amaqaba abafundile savvy, bephakamisa lolu daba kaKristu ukuze afakazele ukuthi zonke kwabahle nababonelelayo ebuqabeni was hhayi ningi than ibonakalisa Izimpawu-Kristu.

Ekuqhubeni Abalweli Bokholo ekuseni baqala ukuvela kusukela ngekhulu lesibili. Phakathi Ingabe Abalweli Bokholo edume kunazo - Justin Martyr, Aristides, uTatian Asiriya, Athenagoras, Quintus uTertullian nezinye izazi zemfundiso yenkolo nezazi zefilosofi.

Martianus Aristide kusukela Athens

Okokuqala ethi Apology, leseyifinyelele izinsuku zethu, ososayensi libhalwe unyaka 125 AD. Lo msebenzi Marciana Aristide e-Athene, lapho yalotshelwa uMbusi waseRoma Adrian (noma Antonin Pia).

Umbhalo ukuxolisa Aristide uthi izwe waqalisa athile nezingahlobene nendaba, okuyinto uNkulunkulu. Manje uNkulunkulu ngokwakhe - ifa ephelele, lungafinyeleleki futhi ngempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Aristide ubona okungalungile yini ngaye ukufunda, njengoba uNkulunkulu weqiniso, konkulunkulu abahlukahlukene amaGreki, ngoba kuyizinto ukushiyeka komuntu, kodwa ngenxa - abangaphelele. Kungenxa engelona iqiniso ekhona ngale kaNkulunkulu ngokwesithembiso sefilosofi, kukhona ukuxabana nezimpi phakathi kwabantu. U-Aristide uthi amaKristu kuphela ekuqondeni okuyikho Nkulunkulu futhi imema bonke abezizwe ukumdumisa.

UJustin Martyr waseSamariya

Ngaphandle nemfundiso kaZiqu Martyr kunzima kakhulu ukuba Cabanga isikhathi wefilosofi njengoba apologetics ezinjalo. Lokhu sefilosofi wokujikeleza semfundiso yenkolo esasiphila eminyakeni 110-167. Wayelethwa ukholo eRoma.

Kusukela Lahlala umsebenzi ezintathu: ". Dialogue With Trypho, umJuda" "Ukuxolisa Okokuqala", "Ukuxolisa wesibili" futhi Philosophy, ngokuvumelana Justin, yiso kanye indlela eholela kuNkulunkulu. Ngokwe-akhawunti ye Justin, kwaba umhlangano kwesibhamu nge ixhegu kuye, yena uqale ingxoxo ngoNkulunkulu futhi umphefumulo. Le ndoda yatshela Justin ukuthi wonke amaqiniso ingatholakala Old and New Testament. Kwakungemva le ngxoxo, ngokuvumelana Justin, waba sefilosofi.

-Asiriya uTatian kanye nomsebenzi wakhe

apologetics Medieval wanika emhlabeni kwenye esikweyoku esivelele-Asiriya uTatian, owayehlala cishe 120-175 iminyaka BC. Wayehamba kakhulu, kodwa lapho efika eRoma, waba umfundi uJustin Martyr (ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe).

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Tatiana - "Singabantu ngokumelene amaGreki ', abhalwe ngonyaka 166-171. Encwadini yakhe ethi sefilosofi liqhathanisa wefilosofi lasendulo le imfundiso yobuKristu, embiza ngokuthi "ifilosofi yethu." Ukuze izitha zakhe uTatian uyalandisa usulu kakhulu, ucabangela ukuthi "sifake noma yini abayifunayo." Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvumelana sage, izazi zefilosofi zasendulo phikisana kakhulu nomunye. UTatian ophika ukuthi amaGreki yasungulwa nefilosofi, ebiza "ifilosofi yethu" uqobo, okuyinto ukulotshwa eminingi yasendulo. eziningi zefilosofi ngokuvumelana Tatiana, umane okushintshiwe imibhalo nezimfundiso kukaMose namanye zo efanayo.

UTertullian waseCarthage

apologetics Christian akunakwenzeka ngaphandle igama. Inkulumo ethi "Ngikholwa ngoba akunangqondo» ( "credo quia absurdum") iyinhlangano asebenzisa ka insalela umsebenzi wakhe. UTertullian eyenziwe iSonto LamaKatolika imiqondo eminingi Latinized.

UTertullian ngokhahlo wagxeka nefilosofi yamaqaba, kunokusebenza umqondo zakhe zokholo okumsulwa, ngaphandle ukuzishaya ukuba intellectualism. Waziwa kakhulu njengoba umlobi zango lapho ukholo ibekwe ngaphezu kwezihlalo engqondweni, futhi ukungahluzeki okutholakala kwanoma iyiphi Empeleni kufanele kuphela siqinise ukholo lomuntu. "Ngikholwa ngoba akunangqondo ...."

Lahlangana eSt Augustine nasezimfundisweni zakhe

Bhá ummeleli we patristic kuyinto lahlangana eSt Augustine, okuyinto eye waba nomthelela obalulekile lonke nefilosofi ephakathi. Lapho efundisa wakwazi ngempumelelo sihlanganise Neo-Platonism nobuKristu postulates. Kulesi sisekelo, ithatha okubi njengoba ukuntuleka ezinhle.

"Ngikholwa ukuze baqonde" - ukuthi yisiqubulo main inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ulwazi Augustine. Ngaphandle Zishiya ulwazi okunengqondo, esho eqinisekisa ukubusa kwemibandela ukholo. Insindiso kuphela yomuntu, ngokubona Avgustina Blazhennogo, is okuqondene amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo Okuningi eyinkimbinkimbi uyazicabangela komphefumulo womuntu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ungibelesela ngokuthi ngonanzelelo ke, ngenkathi abacindezela anelisa izinkanuko zenyama nezifiso.