Humanism iyona ifilosofi Pico della Mirandola

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola wazalelwa e Florence, February 2, 1463. He kubhekwa omunye ongqondongqondo ezinkulu Yenguquko. nefilosofi sezifundo ka Pico della Mirandola ngokuthi "ungowaphezulu". Abaphila Besikhathi bekubona njengoba kukhombisa nezifiso eziphakeme isiko okungokomoya, futhi esondele uPapa wajaha izitatimende kwakhe ngesibindi. Imisebenzi yakhe, abafana naye, abangu laziwa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu abafundile. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola wafa esemncane (17 November 1494). Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, yena baduma ngenxa uyathandeka, ukuphana kwesikhulu, kodwa ezihlukahlukene engavamile kakhulu ulwazi kwabo, amakhono kanye nezithakazelo.

Pico della Mirandola: Biography emfushane

I Umcabangi wayevela emkhayeni ukubalwa noMbusi wababusi. Ubelokhu ezihlotshaniswa nezindawo eziningi ezinethonya-Italy. Eminyakeni 14, Pico della Mirandola owaba umfundi we-University of Bologna. Ngemva kwalokho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e Ferrara, Padua, Pavia naseParis. Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa, yena yingcweti yezenkolo, umthetho, ifilosofi, izincwadi zasendulo. Ngaphezu Latin nomGreki, yayinesithakazelo Chaldean, isiHebheru, isi-Arabhu. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, sazi wafuna ukufunda konke ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engcwele yisenzakalo esingokomoya yazuza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene abantu ezahlukene.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Early Pico ngokwanele waba umngane nabantu efana Medici, Poliziano, Ficino namanye amalungu amaningana kaPlato Academy. Ngo 1468, wenza "Amazwana canzone lothando Beniveni" futhi "900 izifushaniso izibalo, i-physics, isimilo kanye dialectic wokobana umphakathi ukwazi ukukhulumisana." Thinker kufanele avikele imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi mpikiswano eRoma khona ososayensi adumile Italian futhi European. Lo mcimbi wawuzoba ngo-1487. Vula mpikiswano kwaba indatshana ukuthi wayelungiselela Pico della Mirandola - "Kumayelana isithunzi somuntu."

Umbango eRoma

Umsebenzi, eyabhalwa Pico della Mirandola, isithunzi somuntu, ngamafuphi, igxile iziphakamiso ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, Encwadini yaso ethi The Thinker ngesimo ezikhethekile zalabo bantu bonke endaweni yonke. Iphuzu sesibili siphathelene ubunye yangaphakathi wonke amalungiselelo kwemicabango yasekuqaleni yomuntu. Pico della Mirandola oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala, ngo okufutshane, kancane udidekile uPapa Innocent VIII. Okokuqala, ukusabela okuxubile okubangelwa abasha yobudala wayecabangisisa. Okwesibili, kwaba khona ukudideka ngenxa agumenti kunalokho ngokugqamile, engavamile futhi amagama amasha ukuthi wasebenzisa Pico della Mirandola. "Kumayelana isithunzi somuntu" liveza umqondo umlobi mayelana magic ebugqilini, inkululeko nentando nezinye izinto ezingabazisayo kwenkathi. Ukulandela indlela asabela ngayo, uPapa ikhomishana ekhethekile. Kwadingeka hlola "Abstract" elethula Pico della Mirandola. Ikhomishini walahla eziningi zoMthetho ukubeka phambili wayecabangisisa.

ushushiso

Ngo-1487-m Pico kwaba "Ukuxolisa". Lo msebenzi sidalwe ezisheshayo, okwaholela ukukholwa "sokuphrinta". Ngaphansi nosongo olukhulu loshushiso Yamacala Ezihlubuki, le sazi waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eFrance. Kodwa njengoba elapho elathunjwa futhi waboshwa Ezinqaba de Vincennes. Pico wasinda yi lokulabhela the abashisekeli eziphakeme, kuhlanganise indima ekhethekile eyadlalwa Lorentso Medichi. Eqinisweni, yena waba umbusi Florence ngesikhathi, lapho ekhululwa ejele sazi futhi wachitha iminyaka esele yokuphila.

Employment ngemva umshushisi

Ngo 1489-m Pico della Mirandola igcwaliswe futhi ishicilelwe indatshana "Geptapl" (izindlela eziyisikhombisa ukuba Amelelani kwezinsuku eziyisithupha zokudala). Kulesi sazi umsebenzi Sebenzisa hermeneutics mncane. Watadisha incazelo efihliwe, taivshiysya e incwadi "Genesise". Ngo-1492-m Pico della Mirandola wadala umsebenzi encane "wokuba futhi onobunye." Wawuyingxenye ahlukene zohlelo umsebenzi, okuyinto lwenzelwe ukuvumelanisa theory kaPlato no-Aristotle, kodwa ayizange lwenteke kuze kube sekupheleni. Ungalokothi wabona ukukhanya nezinye zabasebenzi Pico - abathembise "Imfundiso enkondlo". umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina kwaba le "Inkulumo ku uprofetha umkhuba wokufundwa kwezinkanyezi." Kulesi umsebenzi wamelana amalungiselelo ayo.

Pico della Mirandola: Imibono Basic

Umcabangi saxoxa ngezici ezihlukahlukene le mfundiso Iqiniso eyodwa. Wasekela le kwenaba we ukucatshangelwa ezivamile zefilosofi nezenkolo zomhlaba, kuqalile ngu Ficino. Nokho, lokhu kunentshisekelo elihunyushwe sazi evela endle womlando wenkolo elihle embusweni Metaphysics. Pico Uzame synthesize ubuKristu, Kabbalah futhi Averroism. He hlomela futhi uthunyelwa eRoma abakutholile, eyayinekheli 900 izifushaniso. Bona ukhathazekile konke "knowable." Ezinye zazo zithathwe, abanye - nezakhe. Nokho, babengaliqondi waqaphela njengoba zezihlubuki zokudingida eRoma akazange athathe indawo. Labor, okwadala Pico della Mirandola phezu isithunzi somuntu, wamenza eyaziwa emibuthanweni ebanzi babantu besikhathi sakhe. Usikisela njengoba Sandvulelo ingxoxo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sazi ukuhlanganisa imiqondo esemqoka ye-neo-Platonism, ngakolunye - ukunikela iziphakamiso angaphezu uyiphupho (UPlato) isiko. Base beseduze ukuze personalism futhi ukuzikhethela.

Ingqikithi yalo mqondo

YoMuntu Pico kwaba ezweni ekhethekile yonke lowadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngalokucondzile. I sazi umuntu yafakwa esikhungweni konke okukhona. Man "maphakathi nawo-beshesha", ingase iwe ezingeni izilwane, ngisho izitshalo. Nokho, nalo muntu uyakwazi ifike uNkulunkulu nezingelosi, asele ncamashí ngokwawo - neinym. Pico kungenzeka ngoba umuntu - isidalwa yesithombe indeterminate, lapho uBaba etshaliwe "igciwane zonke izidalwa." Umqondo sitolikwa ngesisekelo umuzwa ngokuphelele. It babevamile ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. umqondo sazi ibonisa isici "revolution Copernican" unembeza nenkolo nokuziphatha olukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni yobuKristu Western. Hhayi insindiso, okungukuthi lokusungula kuyinto injongo yokuphila - ngakho uthi Pico della Mirandola. Philosophy lizokwenza nencazelo zenkolo futhi ontological yazo zonke isiko elingokomoya 'elisezweni ngemibono kanye basezinganekwaneni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Okwami "Mina"

Ukwakheka kwabo kuchaza anthropocentrism. Pico della Mirandola olungisisa lenkululeko nesithunzi ngamunye njengoba umdali inkosi yakhe "Mina" siqu. Ngamunye, ukuze ifunde konke bangaba yini. Umuntu njalo umphumela imizamo yabo. Nakuba nokugcina kungenzeka ukhetho entsha, akasoze ixazululwe akukho uhlobo khona ayo emhlabeni. ngaleyo ndlela Pico uveza ukuthi umuntu wadalwa uNkulunkulu ngomfanekiso wakhe. Kodwa uNkulunkulu awuniké muntu kuphela ukwenza zabo "Mina". Ngenxa isikhundla APC, it has ukusondela nethonya kwezinye izinto lowadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngalokucondzile. Ngokwamukela sezindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi okudaliwe, umuntu osebenza njengokuvimbelayo umninindlu khulula, owakheke ngokugcwele essence wakhe. Ngakho saphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye.

ukuhlakanipha

Ngokusho Pico, akahlotshaniswa nanoma iyiphi imikhawulo. Ukuhlakanipha ugeleza ngokukhululekile kusukela imfundiso eyodwa kuya kwenye, ngokukhetha umumo oluhambisana izimo. izikole ezihlukahlukene, ongqondongqondo, isiko, ngaphambi alizimele futhi baphikiswa Pico kuhlobene kanye nekhululekile nasekuthengeni. Bathola ziyezwana ezijulile. Yonke indawo yonke enziwe ohambelana (kufihlwe noma ezikhuluma ingcaca ngobulili).

cabala

Isithakazelo kuwo liye landa phakathi sibonga Renaissance ukuze Pico. I abasha sefilosofi unentshisekelo yokufunda isiHebheru. "Sokuphrinta" yakhe zadalwa ngesisekelo Kabbalah. Pico befriended bese befundela eziningi izazi ezingamaJuda. Ucwaningo Kabbalah, waqala izilimi ezimbili. Eyokuqala wayengumJuda, kanti eyesibili - Latin (zihunyushelwe umJuda ebuKristwini). Ngenkathi Pico umehluko obukhethekile phakathi imilingo kanye Kabbalah wayengekho. I Umcabangi wasebenzisa lawo magama ngokuvamile zihambisana. Pico wathi ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuKristu, kungcono ukukhombisa ngosizo Kabbalah futhi magic. UmBhalo, okuyinto kuwuphawu usosayensi othile, wathatha kuya esoteric lasendulo amaJuda ukulondolozwa. Maphakathi ulwazi kwaba umqondo ngemva kokusungulwa kobuKristu, okungase siziqonde ekutadisheni Kabbalah. Ngo-agumenti esetshenziswa poslebibleyskie Pico usebenza, ezazihlanganisa Midrash, iTalmud, umsebenzi zefilosofi, rationalists namaJuda ahumushe iBhayibheli.

Imfundiso kaZiqu-Kabbalists Christian

Kubo kwaba kokutholakala khona amagama ahlukahlukene kaNkulunkulu nezidalwa ezihlala esibhakabhakeni. Transmutation zamagama izindlela ukubhula AmaJuda abe liyisici esiyinhloko cognition. Ngemva kokuhlola nomqondo ulimi saphezulu, amalungu aleli imfundiso babekholelwa ukuthi indlela efanele yokubiza amagama kwegama oPhezukonke kungathinta ngokoqobo. Leli qiniso kuye kwaholela inkolelo abameleli esikoleni Renaissance ngalolo magic uba amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni yonke. Ekugcineni, konke kwakuyinsakavukela ebuJudeni, kwaba ebalulekile sengqondo amalungu aleli Christian Kabbalah. Lokhu, ixhunywe ku omunye umbono, abaphika ethathwe emithonjeni abangamaJuda.

umqondo hermetic

Liphinde ngokuhunyushwa njengomKristu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nethonya elinamandla Pico has hermeticism Ficino. Lo mqondo uchazwe ngokusindisa izinhlayiya ukukhanya lokuqoqa amelwe iqiniso. Nale ulwazi okwenzeka njengoba inkumbulo. Hermeticism waveza emibuthanweni 8 (Arcana) okwenyuka. Ethembele Gnostic nekuhumusha lasezinganekwaneni umsuka indoda, umqondo lichaza amakhono okhethekile waphezulu yomuntu. Isiza ukuqaliswa izenzo ezizimele imemori lovuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena hermeticism washintsha kancane ngaphansi kwethonya ubuKristu. Umqondo sensindiso ulwazi lomuntu siqu itsetfwe umbono somzimba, ukuba nesono muntu, izindaba ezinhle lokuhlengwa, ukuphenduka, umusa kaNkulunkulu.

"Geptaplus"

Kulesi sazi umsebenzi Ngangivame amathuluzi Kabbalistic nokuchazwa kwamagama. Umsebenzi libhekisela nokuvumelana womuntu ekuqaleni, umlilo kanye nezobunhloli. Cishe yihora izingxenye zomhlaba ezinkulu nezincane - of macrocosm futhi sekuba yinto enkulu. Eyokuqala siqukethe umqondo waphezulu noma izingelosi, umthombo wokuhlakanipha, ukusuka elangeni, elifanekisela uthando, kanye esibhakabhakeni, ngokwesikhundla sakhe njengoMengameli ekuqaleni ukuphila futhi ukunyakaza. Izinto ezenziwa abantu kunqunywa ngendlela efanayo ingqondo, izitho zobulili, inhliziyo, okuyinto nika uthando, ingqondo, ekusekeleni ukuphila kanye nemvelo. Pico akusho nje zisebenza Kabbalistic amathuluzi eqinisekisa amaqiniso obuKristu. Lihlanganisa zakamuva isilinganiso macro- futhi microcosm, okuyinto zachazwa yisigaba Renaissance indlela.

ngokuvumelana

Yiqiniso, Kabbalah owaba nethonya elikhulu kumiswa umqondo Renaissance ka macro- futhi sekuba yinto enkulu. Lokhu kwabonakala hhayi kuphela ngemisebenzi Pico della Mirandola. Ngemva kwalokho, ithonya Kabbalah lugujwa imisebenzi Paracelsus futhi u-Agripha Nostesgeymskogo. Harmony enkulu futhi imihlaba encane kungenzeka kuphela ukuxhumana esebenzayo phakathi komuntu noNkulunkulu. Ekuqondeni ngaphakathi umqondo Kabbalistic bahlathulula umqondo yokuvuma, kufanele sinake yokuthi for the Renaissance njengoba isihloko cognition wakhuthaza indoda njengoba sekuba yinto enkulu. Yena wayengumbulali nokuzwana kuyo yonke le viscera futhi izingxenye zomzimba igazi, ubuchopho, izitho zomzimba, esiswini, nokunye. Ngo-medieval isiko theocentric kwakunganele okunenjongo ezanele apharathasi lomqondo ukuze ahumushe ukuziphilisa, komzimba nemvume single ezihlukahlukene.

isiphetho

incazelo acacile kwemvume macro- futhi microcosm zitholakala kaSowari. It ukubuqonda lwezwe wasezulwini ezibalweni ngokucacile ukuqonda nozwela ubunye cosmic. Nokho, ubuhlobo Yenguquko imiqondo theosophical nezithombe we kaSowari akakwazi ngokuthi eyingqayizivele. Mirandola ungase ukuphenya kuphela izingxenye imfundiso ethile eye uchitshiyelwe futhi kabusha ekhulwini le-13 bese esabalala iminyaka 1270-1300. Inguqulo eshicilelwe kwalesi sikhathi kwaba umphumela collective ucwaningo amasethi ongqondongqondo amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Ukusabalalisa kaSowari izingxenye kwahluka uhlamvu ngokucacile pantheistic, theocentric futhi sajabula kakhulu. Ziyakwazi uhambisane nezidingo kanye namasiko ebuJudeni futhi wonke babephikisana ifilosofi Mirandola. Kufanele wathi ukuthi "sokuphrinta" sazi naye asinikwa ezehlukile ukubaluleka Kabbalah. Mirandola wazama ukwakha iwukuxuba Jewish Christian kusetshenziswa imithombo Zoroastrism, orphism, pifagorizma, Aristotelism Averroes Chaldaean umqondo. Umcabangi wakhuluma comparability we kaningi, yokuvumelana we-Gnostic nezimfundiso imilingo kusukela umqondo Christian esebenza waseCusa no-Aristotle.