Ishadi anokulandisa okufanayo: kuyini futhi ngubani

ishadi anokulandisa okufanayo - ibalazwe womhlaba, eliqukethe kokuma Meteorological yenombolo iziteshi, ukubukela sezulu, eqoqwe ngesikhathi esithile futhi ungene amukelwa yiwo wonke bezulu izimpawu izimpawu. amakhadi okunjalo esiteshini Meteorological kuyinto izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku, kanti systematization kanye nokuhlaziywa lolu lwazi isetshenziselwa ukubikezela isimo sezulu.

izinhlobo

Kuye imininingwane ulwazi oluqoqiwe I-surface anokulandisa okufanayo amashadi kukhona, icici ephezulu liphumele.

Surface ibalazwe anokulandisa okufanayo yakhiwa abagcina iziteshi Meteorological ngezikhawu 3 h. It sisetshenziswa Meteorological observation izakhi emhlabeni indawo isikhungo iphuzu ngokusebenzisa ikhodi anokulandisa okufanayo ngamazwe KH-01.

Ring ikhadi - ibalazwe uhlobo anokulandisa okufanayo lapho idatha Meteorological ziboniswa ngendlela indandatho kusukela amagugu iziteshi etholakala bezungeza izikhungo ethile Meteorological. Lezi amakhadi ayabaluleka angumtfombo short-term sezulu nesimo sendawo. Idatha kwi waphawula imihlola Meteorological, ezingeni ingcindezi futhi frontal esishintshashintshayo kuboniswe ebalazweni ngemibala ehlukene.

High-phezulu, noma eliphezulu emoyeni amabalazwe nokumisa ulwazi mayelana nesimo sezulu ngaleso ukuphakama ethile. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe ikhadi ngokuphelele (okwesikhathi engamamitha ethile) kanye isihlobo (amabili eziphakeme abakhethiwe ebusweni) nesimo sendawo.

Uyini sezulu?

izakhi Meteorological ngokuthi izici asemkhathini, fixed kanye eliphezulu emoyeni amathuluzi Meteorological eziteshini sezulu zokubuka. Lezi nemingcele, ngaphezu kuma lokushisa, emanzini nasemhlabathini, umfutho womoya kanye nomswakama nazo isiqondiso nesivinini umoya, ezingeni cloudiness, kwezulu ngegalelo, degree of emisebeni yelanga, ezahlukene sezulu imihlola.

benza kanjani isidingo ukubikezela isimo sezulu

Inkinga ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu isintu ujabule njalo. Abalimi ekuphishekeleni izitshalo ezinkulu zezolimo zafuna ukukhiqiza umsebenzi kule izimo ezikahle kakhulu izitshalo yezolimo. Amatilosi nabadobi ufuna ukwazi indlela iningi ngokuphumelelayo ukundlula isiphepho ezindaweni eziyingozi futhi kulokho zinsuku akuyona kuwufanele aya olwandle.

Ngaphansi koMbuso Russian ukwakhiwa inethiwekhi iziteshi Meteorological kwaqala ngo 1832. Ngu 1849 kwakukhona kakade 54 zomhlaba - kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu. Kodwa ukuhlela bese uzindla idatha eqoqwe anokulandisa okufanayo amabalazwe sezulu, lezi iziteshi abakwazi Ngenxa yokuntuleka zokuxhumana telegram phakathi kwazo.

Labelungu ethile sikuqaphela ngokugcwele isidingo sezulu phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856 GG.), Lapho Novemba 14, 1854 lapho isiphepho esibi aqeda kwasani emabuthweni umbimbi at Sevastopol yabo bejabule. Elementi amangalelwe kolwandle abantu abangaphezu kuka-400, kwenza kwangenzeka nganoma ukuhanjiswa kokudla impi namaholo lamasosha. Umphumela uye waba ubhubhane lwe ukhwekhwe nekholera ebuthweni Union.

Ubani futhi lapho eqala ukuba amashadi anokulandisa okufanayo?

Uhulumeni waseFrance wathuma sezinkanyezi Urbain Le Verrier ufunde ukubikezela kungenzeka izinhlekelele sezulu kusengaphambili. Verrier akwenzele umsebenzi omkhulu wokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana sezulu izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi nangemva isiphepho YaseCrimea ezindaweni 250 kulo lonke elaseYurophu, siphawula ukuthi idatha kumephu. Ngakho wathola ibalazwe lokuqala anokulandisa okufanayo, eyabonisa ukuthi lesi siphepho angase wabikezela cishe usuku futhi ulungiselela kuye lwemikhumbi kanye nebutho lempi.

E-UK, umuntu onesithakazelo esijulile ukubikezela isimo sezulu kuye kwabonisa ngo-1860, uRobert Fitzroy, itilosi yimpumelelo, owaba ngowokuqala IsiZulu induna isikulufa wempi futhi uvimbela ukubhujiswa imikhumbi lapho kuneziphepho. Fitzroy nabasizi bakhe wathola idatha kusuka 24 iziteshi nsukuzonke, okuyizinto kokubili eNgilandi nakwamanye amazwe, ifingqa kubo, futhi wamukele ibalazwe anokulandisa okufanayo. Igama livele Fitzroy, ngokusekelwe igama lesiGreki "Amazwibela," okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ebonakalayo konke ngesikhathi esisodwa."

Russian anokulandisa okufanayo amashadi

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye lula kakhulu ukuqoqwa futhi systematization kokuma Meteorological kusuka emhlabeni wonke. ibalazwe yanamuhla Russian anokulandisa okufanayo idwetshwa usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. It ikuvumela ukuba ngesinye isikhathi izibalo kukhathaza ngemizuzwana.

ibalazwe anokulandisa okufanayo ka engxenyeni European Russia futhi lonke leli zwe-domain yomphakathi kwi website esemthethweni isevisi Federal Hydrometeorology futhi Monitoring Environmental. Lapha ungabona ukuhlaziywa sezulu ebusweni olwenziwa nguMnyango izibikezelo yesikhathi esifushane neyezinto izingozi Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia.

ibalazwe anokulandisa okufanayo wengxenye European Russia ivumela izakhamuzi esifundeni ukubona hhayi kuphela imvula oluqagelwe lokushisa, kodwa futhi ukuze balungiselele zemvelo ezimbi, ukwazi degree of umlilo ingozi emahlathini aseduze kanye neminye imininingwane ewusizo.