Nefilosofi esingumGreki 'yensimu? "

EsingumGreki - umdali yezimfundiso enamandla amaGreki. Yena kuhlanganiswe bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe siqu izakhi kwesimilo izimfundiso Aristippus Democritus mayelana kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana athuthukile imibono yabo (nakuba ngokwedelela libhekisela eyandulela).

Athene ngokuzalwa, wakhulela esiqhingini Samos. Kusukela esemncane wayelithanda nefilosofi eminyakeni 32 wadala esikoleni sakhe wefilosofi, kuqala ngaleso o.Lesbos e Metelene. Kusukela ngonyaka 306 BC EsingumGreki kuhanjiswe ku Athens, ukuthenga engadini futhi founds isikole, futhi ngakho-ke kubizwa nge "Garden", njengoba abafundi futhi abalandeli esingumGreki - ". Zefilosofi yensimu?" EsingumGreki futhi esikoleni sakhe esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni wefilosofi. Umi njengoba umphakathi esikoleni abanazo phakathi ukhona, futhi wahlala iminyaka mayelana 600, mina-ke bengingakwazi ngokuxabana kwabo. Abafundi babethukile enikelwe uthisha wakhe, ababekade model zabo ukuziphatha futhi bathobele izimiso zokuhlola ezasungulwa kubo: ". Mthetho njengoba uma wabheka esingumGreki" Ifilosofi esingumGreki - esisebenzayo nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Waphika Ukumiselwa (isiphetho kusengaphambili), sashiya indoda yokuzikhethela futhi ukukhetha, futhi akazange aqaphele onkulunkulu. "Izwe langaleso Democritus, lapho konke kusengaphambili, dreary futhi ongenayo injabulo nesihogo nakakhulu!" - esingumGreki siqophisane. Ucaphuna "chetveroyakogo izidakamizwa", izimfundiso eziyisisekelo esingumGreki:

- "Onkulunkulu ungesabi";

- "Ukufa kufanele ungesabi, futhi, ngoba" Kuze kube manje singabantwana, ukufa kungeke kusaba khona, futhi lapho kuba, khona-ke nathi ayisekho "";

- "Kuyinto enhle lula ukufeza";

- "Ububi okulula ukuba ngikwenze."

EsingumGreki bephika ukuthi umphefumulo awufi, kodwa umphefumulo uqobo. Ngokusho kwakhe umphefumulo - lena isakhiwo ekhethekile-athomu, encane, kodwa kungezona lezo ngokuphelele yangempela ogcwele kulomzimba. Lapho efundisa esingumGreki akusho ukuthi sikwenze ukwazi iqiniso. Umgomo wakhe - ukuvumelanisa umuntu onokuphila, balahle ubuhlungu futhi sifunde balamukela ngenjabulo. "Iqhaza wesazi sefilosofi iseduze indima udokotela," - uthi esingumGreki. - .. "Le filosofi ukusiza umuntu ukuqeda izifiso ezingadingekile ukuthi babangela ukuhlupheka kusuka ukwesaba okubuhlungu, funda ukujabulela ezingabizi, ukuphila ukuphila okulula futhi ngokuthula izifiso yabantu izifiso abanelisekile engapheli ababangela ukuhlupheka Eesli kukhawulwe isifiso ukukhombisa ukuhlakanipha nokuqonda, khona-ke izizathu. ukuhlupheka buzoba buncane. "

Lokhu ifilosofi esingumGreki ukufana obonakalayo ubuBuddha, ne umqondo walo we Indlela Ephakathi (ngaphandle befuna injabulo eyengeziwe, ungatholi ukuhlupheka okuningi). kuphela ukungabi zokuphathwa kabi ngokomzimba, ukuthula kwengqondo, imfudumalo nobungane indoda kudingeka sijabule.

Umbhalo emnyango ofunda kulesi sikole; "Isivakashi, lapha wena kuzolunga. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu kuyinto - kumnandi ". Kodwa hhayi ngokomzimba, izinjabulo zenyama kukhona ngenxa, bona, ngokuphambene nalokho, ulahliwe, yona, kufanele akhokhe njalo. Bebabaza injabulo ezihlakaniphile, ukuthula kwengqondo, ngokuvumelana ukuzithuthukisa nezwe, injabulo nokuxhumana nabangani, futhi okubaluleke kumnandi - kungukuphila uqobo. "Ukuphila kunikezwe umuzwa, futhi ngeke kube okungafaneleki," - uthi esingumGreki. Philosophy, adalwe kuye, isusa umqondo ukubaluleka yesibili ngemva izinzwa. Mayelana kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi sefilosofi babenamathela hlangothi, isimo sengqondo ezisondelene, bekholelwa ukuthi umuntu ngendlela efanele ukuhlala kuyo kude. Esikoleni sakhe, wathatha nabesifazane ngisho izigqila. hhayi wayekwenza okunje kwa ezinye izikole zefilosofi. New kwaba ukuvelela ukubaluleka komuntu nokuphila emhlabeni kanye nabo Ukulungisiswa ngokomzimba izidingo zomuntu (lezi imibono bakwamukela kamuva yizazi zefilosofi-abaphika ye-National Revival).

Ngaphambi emnyango esikoleni kwaba nojeke wagcwala amanzi, wabhaka ikhekhe njengoba iwuphawu lokho umuntu kudingeka ngempela impela kancane. Amalungu omphakathi Ayephila ukuphila okuphansi futhi ngaphandle frills. Basuke aluhlanganiswa impahla, ke kungenzeka ababanga ukwahlukana nokungathembani, njengoba kuphakanyiswe esingumGreki. Ifilosofi esingumGreki, ingashintshwa eRoma futhi eFrance, waxoshwa kakhulu uhlanekezelwe. Epicureanism kuyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ezimfundisweni esingumGreki futhi eduze empeleni Kunalokho, hedonism.