Ingqikithi indoda kusukela iphuzu umbono wakhe ngefilosofi European

Ukuvela ubuKristu Ubuyisé ukuqonda zefilosofi wezinkinga zesintu - kunokuba esinye sezici wendawo yonke njengoba kwakunjalo kangako ngezinto zasendulo, uzé hlala endaweni ethile inikezwe azoyithola kuNkulunkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, it wadalwa uNkulunkulu ngoba umsebenzi okhethekile, ngakolunye - esehlukene naye ngenxa yokuwa. Ngakho, umcabango izincwadi zenkolo ezihlonishwayo Emakhulwini eminyaka okuqala eNkathini yethu luwumgogodla indoda ngendlela esikabili, okuhlukene. Esikhathini kuyifilosofi yobuKristu Ephakathi ke yayibuswa emfundisweni yokuthi isimo saphezulu futhi abantu kuyafana ngomfanekiso Kristu. Kristu waba indoda, ningaphezi, ngibe nguNkulunkulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umuntu ngamunye esenziwa ekwetayeta ngomusa, eza Kristu.

Lena indawo eyingqayizivele bonke endaweni yonke, phakathi esiGodini usizi futhi uNkulunkulu akwenzele ongqondongqondo Yenguquko ngaleyo ndlela "microcosm", okuyinto, bakholwa, is kuhlobane ngokuqondile macrocosm (futhi lo meshi kokubili pantheism nezimfihlakalo Christian). Uzitshela ukuthi umuntu lutho futhi akukho muntu ongathi ukufanisa, futhi uNikolay Kuzansky, Paracelsus, Boehme futhi wathi "macrocosm futhi microcosm -. Luwumgogodla eyodwa" Nokho, rationalism entsha European ehlukile kwaphakamisa umbuzo lokho luwumgogodla indoda. Njengoba Descartes iyahola yencazelo babebeke ikhono lokucabanga, ngoba imininingwane rationalism ekubeni abantu ukukubona engqondweni. Uma ngaleyo ndlela Descartes kubonakala ubudlelwano phakathi yezingxenye ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya a paralellizm psychophysical, le Leibniz ngabakholelwa nolimi. Ukukhanyiselwa, sibonga La Mettrie, wasinika aphorism onjalo afana ngazo "indoda-umshini", njengoba isazi sefilosofi French ayekholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni umphefumulo efanayo nge ukwazi, basabela ezishukumisa zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Ekhulwini XVIII, inkinga "ngokuyisisekelo indoda ukuthi nguye," waba omunye imibuzo zefilosofi eziyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, Kant ophuma incazelo esikabili njengesidalwa ezinengqondo, ngokuba omunye 'universes ngaphakathi "ezahlukene - isidingo yemvelo kanye nezimilo. Ubiza lo physiology konke kwenza isimo sobuntu, futhi pragmatics - lokho uyisidalwa okunengqondo owenza noma uyakwazi ukudweba kusukela uqobo. Nokho, nabanye abameleli nefilosofi classical Germany sathathwa njengento emelela imodeli ngeNkathi Yenguquko (ezifana umalusi, Goethe, abasekeli "ifilosofi yemvelo romanticism"). Umalusi uthi uMuntu - lena Freedman lokuqala imvelo, ngoba imizwa yakhe ayiwona njengoba ngokomthetho njengoba izilwane, futhi bayakwazi ukudala isiko, ngisho Novalis ngokuthi umlando ocwaninga ngenhlalo yabantu osetshenziswayo.

Ngo Philosophy Hegel sika Moya livela imvelo kusukela obhekwe nenhlalakahle okunengqondo. Ingqikithi nalowo njengezindlela Hegel self-ukuqonda we-Idea Absolute. Ekuqaleni, yena iqaphela ngokwaso njengoba subjective (anthropology, phenomenology, Psychology); ke - njengoba inhloso (umthetho, ukuziphatha, nesimo); futhi ekugcineni njengoba uMoya ngokuphelele (ubuciko, inkolo nefilosofi). Nge umlando zokugcina igcwaliswe ukuthuthukiswa imibono umoya njengoba ubuyela ngokwayo, ngokomthetho ka kuphikisa ka kuphikisa. Ngokuvamile, ifilosofi German kwalesi sikhathi, ukholelwa ukuthi abantu ababuswa kuba matasa ngezinto ezingokomoya, okuyinto kudala umhlaba we isiko, azisa ezivamile ekahle futhi isiqalo ezinengqondo.

Kakade Feuerbach wagxeka Hegel, uyiqonda kahle indoda njengoba nezidalwa izinkanuko-yezinto. Marxism usezofika ngehlathululo yemvelo kanye yezenhlalakahle "Homo sapiens" esekelwe isimiso dialectical monism izinto, ngoba akubheka njengesono esingathí umkhiqizo futhi isihloko kokuphila komphakathi nokusebenza. Into esemqoka - ke mbambambamba yezenhlalakahle yomuntu, njengoba kuba isiqalo nesigcino zonke nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, wathi Marx. XIX leminyaka ahlanganiswe anthropology imiqondo engenangqondo, uqokomisa essence amandla esuke ngaphandle ukucabanga (imizwa, ngeke, njll). I kuqala kule ndawo Nietzsche ecabanga ubungqabavu umdlalo kanye nemizwelo, kunokuba isizathu futhi ukwazi. Kirkegor okubaluleke ubona oqotsheni intando, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kukhona lokuzalwa komuntu, futhi lapho isidalwa yemvelo iba nenhlalakahle engokomoya.

ubunjalo Biosocial yomuntu akubonakali njengoba umqondo nezidumile zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ngoba ongqondongqondo yobudala yesimanje sizihluphe ngokukhethekile ngalowo muntu, ngokuqondene yiziphi izindawo eziningi ifilosofi yethu yesimanje ngokuthi personalistic. Ngokusho kwabo, ntu ayikwazi ukwenziwa kunoma isisekelo eziyisisekelo. Ukwenqaba izindlela zombili kwezenhlalo kanye mechanistic, existentialism futhi personalism zikhiqizelwa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene umqondo kwabanye (njengengxenye emvelweni nasembulungeni yonke nomphakathi) kanye nesazisi (ongokomoya lokuzibusa esiyingqayizivele). Imibono "ifilosofi yokuphila" (Dilthey) kanye phenomenology (Gusserl) wakha sisekelo anthropology zefilosofi njengoba ukugeleza ehlukile (Scheller, Plesner, Geleen, "anthropology kwamasiko Rothakkera et al.). Nakuba abameleli Freudianism nezikole ahlobene isici uhlala indlela ezwakala ingokoqobo.