Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga

Forties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye wehlela emlandweni njengendlela "eyishumi emangalisayo" - lo exacerbation kwenzinye izingxabano ngemibono kanye ukunxanela okungokomoya okuqhubekayo. nezihlakaniphi Russian like "ukuvuswa lapho iphupho", okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo of umcabango yezenhlalakahle nefilosofi.

Kukho konke ukuphila bokusungula ukuthi bagxila inhlokodolobha - eMoscow, lapho izibalo ehola kwenkathi ka-Aleksandru waseHerzen, P. Chaadaev, A. Khomyakov uzwakalise ovulekile zabo - ukubukwa idealist emphakathini babe mpikiswano kanye nezingxoxo. A indima enkulu empilweni Russia kudlalwa iziqu eMoscow University. Babonisa imibono yabo ubunjalo Russia entsha nokuxhumana kwalo ukuthuthukiswa komlando yaseYurophu. Kancane kancane, laba ababa nengxenye ingxoxo zahlukaniswa tindilinga letimbili, okwakukhona isihloko polemical: Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga.

Le mikhuba ezimbili njalo wahlanganyela polemics nomunye. Isihloko ingxabano yabo kwaba esidlule kanye nekusasa isimo Russian. Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga e nefilosofi Russian ayefana e nokuchazwa ezikhathini ezidlule wezwe lakhe, uwabheka sihluke European. I waqale wancoma izimiso eliqhakazile Old isimo Russian. BaseNtshonalanga wazwakalisa umbono ukuthi amandla ubudala European indaba zenzeka ngempela okuphambene neyethu isikhathi eside kakade kwakhiwa eminye imiphumela emihle. Benqaba ngokuphelele wona kanye umqondo wokuthandana Ngokuqhathanisa esidlule waseRussia kanye nabakhulu Ephakathi emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ezinye zazo idealize esidlule, kuyilapho abanye ngesineke ke kuphela imibala emnyama.

Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga. What esihlanganisa lezi zinkombandlela ezimbili zefilosofi?

Labo nezinye alihlikize okwamanje. Enqaba ukuba baqonde futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngesikhathi Nicholas uhlelo: serfdom, inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle, izinguquko wamavukelambuso. amazwi nezenzo zawo ayehloselwe siyazama ukuvikela yezombangazwe isimo inkululeko yabezindaba, yokukhuluma, unembeza, umphakathi obabheka ngayo.

Umbango ezazikhathaza baseNtshonalanga futhi Slavophiles futhi esikhathini esizayo. Eyokuqala, ekuthandeni izenzo Petru 1, enethemba sokuthuthukisa isimo Russian imodeli European. Umsebenzi oyinhloko neziphathimandla futhi umphakathi, ngokombono wabo, kwaba bezibona a amafomu izwe ngomumo okuqhubekayo impilo yomphakathi kanye nomnotho, eziyizici amandla Western Europe. Kwaba ukuqeda uhlelo umhlaba kuyadingeka ukuze kufezeke letinhloso, ukukhansela zomthetho ngezigaba, ukunikeza inkululeko enkudlwana kwezamabhizinisi, lula uhulumeni wendawo kanye democratize isimiso sokwahlulela.

Slavophiles wagxeka uPetru ukuze ubudlova nemibango, kwaba negalelo emphakathini. Isixazululo ezinkingeni zenhlalo futhi ukususa proletarianism ezakubona ukusungulwa uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. Ukuze lelisu imibono yabo Slavophiles sebekufanelekela revolution. Ngokusekelwe umqondo umehluko categorical phakathi Russia nase-Europe, kodwa wagxeka Western isimiso individualistic, ukubeka amathemba amakhulu ku ukusungulwa izimiso zokuphila emphakathini wabantu-Russian.

Idealizing Orthodox Slavophiles wagxeka kobuProthestani lamaKatolika. Babekholelwa ukuthi umgomo waseRussia ukwakha ezimpilweni zabo ezimisweni zobuKristu beqiniso futhi ukudlulisela izimiso eziyisisekelo ibe phezulu lakhe ethembekileyo yomhlaba wonke. Izwe kufanele uvule kuso sonke isintu indlela yokwakha ubumbano kweqiniso nobuzalwane - catholicity, noma, njengoba inkululeko le hamsters 'ngobunye ngokholo Orthodox ".

Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga - kwavela Russia izinduna ngezikhathi zeziyaluyalu, kule mikhuba ezimbili futhi ebonakalisa isifiso yemikhakha ovulekile emphakathini kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono ephelele ukuguqulwa isimo Russian.