Idatha GDP waseRussia: Dynamics kanye nesakhiwo

umnotho waseRussia kuyinto okuxubile: nezindawo eziqokiwe akahulumeni. Ngo-90-yalolucwaningo babe kwekuhlela kabusha emakethe ngamakhasimende, okwaphumela izimboni eziningi abangu ezizimele. Nokho, ezandleni isimo kwaba umkhakha weze-energy kanye umkhakha ukuzivikela. Uma sicabangela GDP eRussia iminyaka, kungenzeka uye waphawula ukuthi izwe kungokwalabo "Ngokwesilinganiso ngenhla" iqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe angaba ngu-30% kwemithombo yemvelo yomhlaba. Ngokusho World Bank izilinganiso, value abo Imininingwane ingaphezu 75 isigidintathu aseMelika. Ingxenye enkulu-GDP waseRussia zaba izimali ezivela yokuthengisa of amandla nezinto: uwoyela negesi yemvelo.

Uhlolojikelele

Ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, zonke republic aseSoviet manje bakudala kabusha umnotho wayo, kuhlanganise naseRussia. Nokho, izindawo ezibalulekile futhi uselokhu ezandleni isimo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo yangasese beyingasethwanga ezingeni elifanele. Uhulumeni waseRussia has nomthelela emnothweni. Namuhla Russia kuyinto umphakeli ehamba phambili uwoyela negesi yemvelo, kanye isithekelisi ngezinto ezifana steel kanye ne-aluminium. Ngakho-ke, izwe kuncike kakhulu ku-izwe kwentengo yokudla.

izinkomba ezisemqoka

Gross womkhiqizo wakuleli (2017): Okuzisholo - 1,56 isigidintathu aseMelika at nakwentiwa silinganiso - 3,94. Isilinganiso nokukhula kwe-GDP eRussia kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2016-th - 3,08%. Isikweletu zangaphandle yezwe, ngo-December 2015, 538 bhiliyoni aseMelika, izinqolobane igolide ngo-August 2016 - 396.4. I kwecandelo komnotho, ngokusho kombiko ezisemthethweni, babalelwa ku-15% we-GDP. Okuningi mayelana 7% akubhekwa ngenxa yokubakhona zenkohlakalo. Kulinganiselwa i-World Bank, i-umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene nohafu eside ngenxa yokubakhona emnothweni isithunzi.

Dynamics GDP Russian

Linani lonkhe womkhiqizo wakuleli we Russian Federation namuhla limelela 2.15% zomhlaba. Uma ucabangela GDP waseRussia eminyakeni kusukela lathola uzimelegeqe, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, kuba 877,38 bhiliyoni aseMelika. ubuncane wayo sabhalwa ngo 1999, esiphezulu - ngo-2013. Isilinganiso umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene ngesikhathi nakwentiwa silinganiso esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini zaba 8621,41 bhiliyoni.

Ngo-2014, ukuntengantenga ngenxa falling amanani kawoyela, unswinyo Western futhi outflow okwalandela capital eRussia. Ukukhula kwaba 0.6%. Ngo-2015, i-GDP kwabantu 3.7%. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2016 lo mkhuba izoqhubeka. Nokho, Ukwanda kwakukuhle 0.3%. Ngokusho izibikezelo we-World Bank kanye IMF, e-2017 omkhiqizo luzoqhubeka lukhula. Uma amanani kawoyela e-US $ 40 umphongolo, singalindela ukuba liwele ngaphezu kuka-5%.

yokwaba imali

Ngo-2015, umnotho Russian ingxenye yesithupha nakwentiwa silinganiso futhi nambili - emakethe exchange rate. Uma sicabanga GDP waseRussia ngonyaka (e 2000-2012), kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokuphila liye lenyuka ngenxa yokukhipha imithombo yamandla. Phakathi nale nkathi, engenayo alahlwayo yangempela sakhula ngo-160%, kanye ne-dollar - izikhathi 7. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezingeni lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi nobubha yawela cishe isigamu, futhi abaseRussia 'ukwaneliseka ekuphileni isikolo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Lokhu ukukhula okukhulu kuye kwenzeka ngokumelene okwenza we boom lezimpahla, kwentengo kawoyela, inqubomgomo eqinile kwezomnotho kanye nezezimali. Nokho, imali ephakathi kuka-abakhileyo ezweni kungukuthi ngokulinganayo basakaza. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi 110 abacebe baseRussia ngumnikazi 35% azo zonke izimpahla zezimali. yokungenzi State kule ndawo kuye kwaholela yokuthi eRussia ngobukhulu obungemthetho imali yiziphethu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi enkathini esukela ku-2002 kuya ku-2011-ilahlekelwe US $ 880 billion.

Manje, inkokhelo okuzisholo wawa ngezansi $ 450 ngenyanga. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-19.2 baseRussia baphile ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya. Ngo-2015, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-16% ngaphansi. Izimali kuthiwa Ukuboshelwa basakaza ngokuya kwezwe. Moscow uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umuzi Billionaire. Ukungalingani ekusakazeni engenayo kungenxa yokungabikho nokudlanga sihlanzekile emikhubeni eyonakele nobuthakathaka izindlela zokulawula. I-Transparency International Russia sited ku izihlalo 131 176 ngo-2016.

imikhakha yezomnotho

Uma sicabanga GDP waseRussia eminyakeni 10, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi oyiyo ayikashintshi kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, ezolimo seyihlanganisa 5%, embonini - angaphezu kuka-30%, emkhakheni service - 60%. Inani labantu kwezomnotho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-76,9. Walabo abasebenza kwezolimo 9%, e umkhakha - 28%, amasevisi - 63%. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwaba 5.3% ngo-2016.

wemboni yangaphandle

Umthamo nokuthengiswa isiRashiya, kusukela ngomhla ka-2016, kuyinto 251 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Kusukela kuncike kakhulu ku-Dynamics GDP waseRussia. Phesheya akhishelwe khona impahla ezifana uwoyela ongahluziwe nemikhiqizo kuwo, izinsimbi, ukhuni, amakhemikhali. umlingani main waseRussia eNetherlands athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. akhawunti bona 11.9% wezindleko. Ibe isilandelwa China nge 8.3%, eyesithathu - Germany nge 7.4%. Phakathi ukuthekelisa partner eRussia kanye namazwe ezinjenge-Italy, Turkey, Belarus, Japan. Umthamo ukungeniswa Russian njengoba ka 2016, kuyinto 172 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Ngakho, ibhalansi ukuhweba omuhle. Kungeniswe ku Russian ezidayiswayo, imishini, izimoto, imikhiqizo zemithi, ipulasitiki, izinsimbi kusetshenzwe, inyama, izithelo nokusanhlamvu, amathuluzi okubona yezokwelapha, yensimbi nensimbi. yokungenisa yabo iqhutshwa emazweni anjenge China, eJalimane, e-USA, i-Russia, e-Italy. Foreign utshalomali ngqo eRussia ngo-2015 zaba 361 bhiliyoni aseMelika.