Melanoma - Black Death

Melanoma ingenye izimila abulalayo kakhulu - njengoba isikhumba nakho konke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhumba melanoma ingavela ngokuphelele ibuphi ubudala. Melanoma ikhulela sombala amaseli - "melanocytes" - njengoba isikhumba enempilo futhi ejwayelekile, kanye okuthiwa "nevi esikhunjeni", ngamanye amagama - birthmarks. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-melanoma eba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kungathinta hhayi kuphela isikhumba, kodwa ngisho ukusakaza ujule nezinye izitho namathambo.

Uyacelwa ukuba delineate umqondo melanoma eside nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-melanoma imayelana kancane izikhathi eziyishumi nomdlavuza wesikhumba ungahlosile, futhi ku-oda eyodwa protsentra wamaphesenti zonke komdlavuza. Eminyakeni yamuva, tigameko melanoma siyakhuphuka, futhi amadoda kwenzeka kancane ukudlula abantu besifazane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izigameko melanoma kwandisa kakhulu eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 30-39, ngemva kwalokho kuze kube ukuguga kube kancane, ukwenyuka kancane kwezehlakalo izimila.

Imbangela-melanoma zivame nevi, ikakhulukazi leyo zitholakala endaweni kwebhande ehlombe, emhlane wakhe, izinyawo noma izingxenye wadalula zomzimba. Ngokungafani yomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-melanoma ewasendaweni ogxile ebusweni. I esiyingozi kakhulu yiwona okuthiwa umngcele nevi. Melanoma ifana ifindo acacile grey amnyama, konsundu noma ngisho black ngombala nge bushelelezi, ebusweni ezomile. Izigaxana melanoma ngokuvamile flat noma kancane convex, kuleli cala - kobuhlungu.

Ukonakala nevi esikhunjeni e-melanoma lihlotshaniswa ukuhlukumezeka, ukuchayeka emisebeni ultraviolet, kanye imiphumela hormone izinguquko umzimba. Kukhona ezizathwini ezithile ngalokho ezimbili zokugcina izici ezingase banethonya ezithile nesenzakalo melanoma isikhumba njengoba yayinjalo. Indima ukulimala akukho ukungabaza ngalokho futhi odokotela bathi. Cishe 2 aphume iziguli 5 nge izimpawu melanoma ka umdlavuza ziqala ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva ethile ukulimala pigmentary nevus. Emazweni eningizimu, iningi melanoma imvamisa elihlobene ne elangeni. Kusikiselwa ukuthi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ukuthuthukiswa melanoma play futhi endocrine izinqubo, ukuze kuzuze okuyinto yokuthi melanoma kakhulu kuyaqabukela kwenzeka ngaphambi nesikhathi sokuthomba kodwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuthomba sokukhulelwa kwabadala kwezinye izimo kunomsindo ngisho yashesha isimila ukukhula. Nokho, it is waphawula ukuthi kwezinye izimo, eshintsha isimo kwama-hormone ngesikhathi imiphumela nesineke kuwo womabili okusithiyayo futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuncipha yesimila.

Izimpawu melanoma, noma ngamanye amazwi, ukonakala kwazo nevus ukuze melanoma zihlanganisa: ukwanda ubukhulu nevus, ngophawu lwakhe, ukopha kusuka nevus, ukubukeka imifantu ubuso bayo, kanye ububomvu, ukulunywa, ukushiswa nokuphangwa ukuvuvukala-lymph. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-melanoma ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezintathu phezu kwesikhumba, isikhumba esikhunjeni dermis zilandelana germinating nezicubu iyini imbangela yalokho.

Melanoma kuyingozi Ukudlulela ekuseni. Ngokuvamile, i-melanoma metastatic abathintekayo lesifunda lymph node, Nokho, ngokuvamile zitholakala futhi metastases esikhumbeni ngesimo izilonda ezincane amaningi brown noma black. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukudlulela melanoma zivame kakhulu kuthinte isibindi, ubuchopho, amaphaphu nezindlala adrenal.

Ngokuqondene nakho konke okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani uphethwe melanoma kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ikhumbula zonke izimpawu kanye kungenzeka engcupheni. Phakathi uphethwe kumele ahlolisisa zonke izindawo futhi amavukuzi ukuthi kungase kudingeke maqondana okungenani abanye ukuba nawo umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bahlolisise isimo-lymph ezindaweni inguinal futhi axillary, kanye entanyeni, futhi ikakhulukazi eduze komlilo osolisayo, ngenxa ematfuba nolokubhujiswa umdlavuza wabo. Isikhumba biopsy futhi indlela ebalulekile, usebenzisa umuntu angahlangabezana ukukhomba i-melanoma, kodwa uphethwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba acabangele esebenzayo metastaziruemost melanoma waphinda futhi hhayi ukudlala ngomlilo, ukuze kwelashwe melanoma - hhayi inqubo elula elula efana.