Bobani Pamirs, lapho uhlala khona, isiko, amasiko

Ngemva ukuhoxiswa amabutho US kusukela e-Afghanistan kwabezindaba ikhuphukile ukunakekela Pamirs. Abaningi besaba kungasimamisi isimo esifundeni, okuyinto empeleni behlukene nezwe elingaphandle. "Ukuze uye ophahleni Kwezwe" iyindawo ekhethekile, njengoba cishe zonke izakhamuzi bomdabu esifundeni basonta Ismailis.

Abantu abaningi ngephutha ukudida abendawo ne Tajiks nezinye izizwe. Isihloko sizochaza ngobani Pamirs, nokuthi kungani abhekwa besizwe esihlukile.

Uhlolojikelele

Kusukela Pamirs bahlala esifundeni sezintaba, okuyinto phakathi amane uthi, avame aselinganiswa nezinye izizwe. uhla yabo zomlando (Badakhshan) itholakala ensimini ka Tajikistan, Afghanistan, ePakistan nakwa-China. Ngokuvamile, lesisizwe ngephutha kudidaniswe Tajiks. Bobani Pamirs?

Babhekisela ukuqoqwa izizwe Iranian abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene empumalanga iqembu Iranian. Iningi Pamirians amaSulumane. Uma kuqhathaniswa, Tajiks, isibonelo, khuluma lwesigodi zapadnoiranskom futhi iningi layo abathi US Islam.

endaweni yokuhlala

Pamirians kuxazululwe phezu Insimu entshonalanga, eningizimu, Pamirs empumalanga. Esikhathini eningizimu ezintabeni uhlangane ne Hindu Kush. Le ndawo iyi-esigodini emincane, etholakala endaweni engamamitha amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isimo sezulu kule ndawo libhekene namandla aso. Valley sizungezwe emithambekeni emaweni ububanzi kufika ku amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Basuke embozwe yiqhwa okuphakade. Hhayi lutho njengoba igama le ndawo (indawo yokuhlala Pamirians) sokusebenzisa leli gama elithi "Roof Kwezwe."

Izizwe abahlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi Pamirs abe isiko efanayo kanye namasiko. Nokho, abacwaningi bakwazi ukufakazela (yokufunda ulimi) ukuthi laba bantu basonta imiphakathi eminingana lasendulo empumalanga Iranian, abeza Pamirs eceleni komunye nomunye. Yini nezizwe we Pamirs aqukethe?

Ukuhlukahlukana bezizwe

Pamiris zihlukaniswe bodwa ngesisekelo limi. Kukhona amagatsha amabili main - Pamirs wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. iqembu ngalinye liqukethe izizwe ngazinye, amanye awo okungenzeka abakhuluma izilimi ezifanayo.

Ukuze parmirtsam enyakatho zihlanganisa:

• shugnantsy - iqembu ehola yobuhlanga, ababebalelwa ezingaphezu kuka abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ezingaba ngu ngamashumi amabini anamahlanu amawaka bukhoma endaweni Afghanistan;
• rushantsy - kwakungamadoda acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu;
• yazgulyamtsy - lobunane abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi;
• Tajiks ka Xinjiang - wake wacabanga yeqembu elilodwa Shugnan-rushantsev, okuyinto ahlukanisa, labantu bayo ifinyelela abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Ukuze Pamirians eningizimu zihlanganisa:

• ishkashimtsy - cishe izinkulungwane zabantu isigamu;
• sanglichtsy - inombolo ezingadluli amadoda ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu;
• abantu Wakhi - lonke inani kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa;
• mundzhantsy - izinkulungwane ezine.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imindeni eminingi kanye nezizwe ezingomakhelwane, okuyinto basondelene kakhulu Pamirians. Ezinye zazo ekugcineni baqala ukusebenzisa izilimi Pamir wendawo.

ulimi

izilimi Pamir baningi kakhulu. Kodwa Ububanzi yabo kukhawulwe zokuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Ngokomlando, ukuthi isikhathi eside baba ithonya elikhulu Persian (Tajik).

Ngoba abakhileyo ulimi Pamir Persian Sekuyisikhathi eside ezazisetshenziswa enkolweni, izincwadi, kanye zamasiko. Kanti futhi uphinde abe ithuluzi enemisebenzi okuxhumana ngamazwe.

zezigodi Pamir kancane kancane indawo ulimi Tajik. Kwezinye izizwe entabeni yonke kubo kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa ngisho ekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, e GBAO (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast) ngolimi olusemthethweni Tajik. Lokho-ke wenziwa babeqeqeshwa ezikoleni. Asakhuluma mayelana Afghan Pamirians, izikole ezindaweni zabo kukhona okuncane, ngakho labantu bakuleyo Imininingwane abafundile.

Ukuphumelela izilimi Pamir:

• yazgulyamsky;
• Shugnan;
• Rushan;
• hufsky;
• Bartang;
• Sarykol;
• Ishkashimsky;
• Wakhan;
• mundzhansky;
• Yidgha ulimi.

Bonke zifakwe empumalanga Iranian iqembu limi. Ngaphezu Pamirs, abameleli amaqembu empumalanga Iranian yobuhlanga babe amaSkithe, owahlala isikhathi esifundeni Northern kweBlack Sea washiya izikhumbuzo zomlando ngesimo izindunduma.

inkolo

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka izizwe BC Pamir babethonywe namaZoroaster nobuBuddha. Islam nabo baqala ukungena futhi basakaza kabanzi phakathi uquqaba kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nanye. Ukwethulwa kwe ngenkolo entsha nokuhlobene kakhulu umsebenzi Nasir Khosrow. Yena wayengumbulali imbongi edumile Persian, wabaleka ngalolo suku ngokwesaba abawasukelayo yakhe eya Pamirs.

Ismailis yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-kokuphila okungokomoya abakhileyo Pamirs. Ngokwe-isici zenkolo akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini Pamiri (lokho isizwe, sesibuyekeze ngenhla). Okokuqala, laba bameleli yalezi zizwe kukhona Ismaili (legatsha Shia Islam, okuyinto walizwa ithonya Hinduism nobuBuddha). Kusho lokhu sekwandile Islam ihlukile izinkolelo zendabuko?

Umahluko omkhulu:

• Pamirians ukuthandaza kabili ngosuku;
• amakholwa kungukuthi ukudla Ramadan;
• abesifazane Akazange ayigqoke futhi musa ukugqoka kwesihenqo;
• amadoda abavuma baphuze vodka emthini kamalibhele.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi amaSulumane ungayazi Pamirians abathembekile.

amasiko akini

Mayelana umndeni nomshado kuzosiza ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini Pamiri. Hlobo luni isizwe futhi yini namasiko alo, bakwazi ukutshela ukuphila komkhaya. Le nguqulo omdala emndenini esekelwe isimiso ukuphathwa kwesilisa. Imindeni bekukukhulu. Phakathi kwabo babenezinkinga kwamaningi abadala ababeye zonke balalela. Kwaze kwaba ukuvela ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali. Umkhaya baba monogamous, nokugcina amasiko wezinzalamizi.

Kwaze kwaba ukusungulwa Islam. Inkolo entsha lwanika akaphakeme wesilisa phezu insikazi. Ngokusho Sharia nomthetho indoda wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza izinzuzo futhi ezimweni eziningi, isibonelo ezindabeni ifa. Umyeni ithole owayenelungelo elingokomthetho lokubuthola ahlukanise. Ezindaweni esezintabeni, lapho abesifazane ezizibandakanyile emisebenzini yezolimo, isikhundla sabo kwaba ngaphezulu khulula.

Kwezinye izizwe sezintaba imishado consanguineous ezazamukelwa. Ivame ukutholakala zishukunyiswa yezizathu zezomnotho.

izifundo Key

Ukuze uqonde ngobani Pamirs, kufanele uqonde kangcono indlela yabo yokuphila. Sekuyisikhathi eside i umsebenzi oyinhloko kube ukulima uhlobo eziphakeme, okuyinto kuhlangene nemfuyo. Njengoba ezifuywayo bona ezifuywa izinkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu, nezimbongolo namahhashi. Scott bebumfishane, hhayi asezingeni elifanele. Ebusika, izilwane zigcinwa nasemizaneni, nasezinqabeni ehlobo out emadlelweni.

I bendabuko ikhaya yezandla Pamirs, ngaphezu kwakho konke, zihlanganisa ukucutshungulwa uboya sigqoka izindwangu. Abesifazane iphathwa uvolo nokotini ekhiqizwa, namadoda yahlanganisa eyaziwa emhlabeni ezimthende inqwaba amatshe.

Yasungulwa yokudoba ukucutshungulwa izimpondo, izimbuzi zasendle ikakhulukazi. Kulawa, Combs ekhiqizwa, izibambo imimese.

cuisine Ethnic

Ukufunda mayelana isiko nenkolo, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde ngobani Pamirs. Ukuze anezele lolu lwazi kungaba, kubhekwa ukudla yendabuko abameleli yalezi zizwe. Ukwazi amakilasi bendabuko, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ekudleni Pamirians inyama encane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayikho indawo ziyoklaba izinkomo, ngakho bayalazisa ngoba ubisi uvolo.

Ukudla main uyalandisa ufulawa kakolweni ngesimo okusanhlamvu imibengo. Kafulawa ukwenza noodle, amakhekhe, amadombolo. Futhi abantu entabeni udle izithelo, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, imifino. Kusukela imikhiqizo yobisi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwazo kukhona ushizi imbuzi, itiye ubisi, amasi. Pamirians acebile baphuze itiye ubisi, wengeza knob ibhotela.