Amagciwane Gram-HIV futhi igremu-negative

Izwe amagciwane ngokumangalisayo ezihlukahlukene futhi ecebile kakhulu. Lapho betholakala khona kuyo yonke indawo: emoyeni, umhlabathi, on kwesikhumba womuntu, lwamafinyila yayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ama-bacterium ziba yingozi abantu, okubangela isifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ezinye zazo yilezi lula ukwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane noma antiseptics ezivamile, kusukela ezinye balahle eningi nzima. Ngakho-ke, ngo-uphethwe, kanye nokuqokwa ukwelashwa angawodwa amagciwane Gram-HIV futhi Gram-HIV. Le ndlela microorganism sokuhlukanisa siphakamisiwe ekhulwini XIX, kodwa zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Izwe amagciwane

Umbuso eziphilayo zahlukahlukene ngakho futhi kunzima ukusithola, ukuthi ngisho isayensi yanamuhla eye hhayi wayifundisisa. Kukhona ama-bacterium ukusinda ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu kanye abafi ngisho nangemva abilayo isikhathi eside kanti abanye bayafa ngesikhathi ushintsho kancane kwezinga lokushisa noma ukwakheka imvelo, isibonelo emva kwalokho ushukela abavamile. Ezinye nezilwanyana ezincane vuma ngo ezishisayo e acid okuphakelayo methane noma amanye amakhemikhali.

Ama-bacterium - lena eziningi eziphilayo lasendulo futhi yande kakhulu emhlabeni. Lapho betholakala khona kuyo yonke indawo: ekujuleni kolwandle, emoyeni, emhlabathini - ngisho ekujuleni ezinkulu emzimbeni eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isayensi ikufakazele ukuthi amaseli-bacterium ngaphakathi komuntu mkhulu izikhathi 10 okungelona olwabo. Ezinye amagciwane nje siphile eduze kwamanye izidalwa eziphilayo, kanti abanye abayizigidi bamatasa ibambisane nabo. Abakwazi zingazuzisa noma abangele izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nama-bacterium awusizo emashumini izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-pathogen.

nezilwanyana ezincane eziningi eziwusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, labo abahlala emathunjini womuntu, ehilelekile ukugaya bese awuvikele izifo. Lokhu lactobacillus futhi bifidobacteria. Esikhathini ingaphakathi lomuntu temlomo iyikhaya yizigidi ezingu-40 zama-bacterium, kodwa% 5 kuphela yalezi Amagciwane. Kukhona nezilwanyana ezincane abathintekayo noqhekeko imfucuza. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nama-bacterium awusizo namanje zinhlobo pathogenic ngaphezulu kubo alethe okuningi umonakalo, njengoba kubangela izifo eziyingozi. Kuze kube manje, abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke bazokufa bebulawa isifo sofuba, ikholera, ngqi, i-typhoid, botulism nezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufunde indlela uxhumane nezwe kwamagciwane.

Gram staining

Kushone owesilisa esehlakalweni ibheka izindlela ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngemva Kwakubonakalisiwe ukuba khona namagciwane abangela izifo, ososayensi bazama ahlukanisa kubo, ukuze uthole ukuthi ukubhekana nazo. Indlela engcono kwahlongozwa ngo-1884 ngu-Hans Christian Gram udokotela. Kuyinto lilula, kodwa ulwazi, futhi zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Kule ndlela, amalutshwana-HIV futhi igremu-negative amagciwane ahlukene.

Dr. Gram elisetshenziswa ekutadisheni nezilwanyana ezincane udayi onsomi futhi waphawula ukuthi amanye awo amenable ukuba staining, kuyilapho abanye - cha. Litholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa izici of cell izindonga kwamagciwane. Njengoba la magciwane yakhiwa eyodwa, amaseli okungenani ezimbili, ngabo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube igobolondo eliqinile. Ngakho-ke, izindonga iseli banayo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zivikela imvelo yangaphakathi kusukela Ukungena uketshezi. Isakhiwo nzima kakhulu amagciwane Gram-HIV. Ziyakwazi ukumelana kuya Ukungena ngamathe, juice esiswini kanye nezinye iziphuzo.

I Gram indlela isivivinyo naphakathi ziphathwe aniline udayi, ulungise iodine bese siyakazwe utshwala. Ngezinye efanayo amabhaktheriya Gram-okungekuhle njengalokhu ezishintshe umbala, futhi yamukelwa Gram-elihle umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemva kungenzeka reparse omubi zinhlobo yayikhiqiza udayi obomvu ezinemibala pink, futhi abafileyo nezilwanyana ezincane kuthiwa namabala ngokukhazimulayo.

Isicelo indlela kwezokwelapha

Gram staining zokwehlukanisa nezilwanyana ezincane ku-bacterium igremu-HIV futhi igremu-negative neqhaza ngcono zocwaningo microbiological. Kuyasiza ukubona ukumelana zezinto eziphilayo pathogenic izidakamizwa, ukuthuthukisa imithi emisha elwa namagciwane yokulwa nazo. Phela, yeseli oluqinile amagciwane Gram-negative kubenza kungayinaki antibiotic evamile. A sikebhe microorganism Gram-HIV, nakuba obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa permeable ukuba uketshezi nemithi elwa namagciwane.

amagciwane Gram-HIV futhi igremu-negative

Gram staining avunyelwe ukwehlukana zonke eziphilayo, kwaba ngamaqembu amabili ezibanzi. izici izici zabo futhi usize ukuba ukhethe ukwelashwa okufanele kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. amagciwane Gram-HIV, okuyinto ezinemibala ngokushesha blue aniline udayi, ifomu ezinhlamvu, exotoxins, ngakho kuba impela ingozi empilweni. Kodwa igobolondo yabo permeable kuya izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane.

Kanye Gram-HIV, ama-bacterium Gram-negative - Amagciwane izifo ezingathi sína. Abanaso yakha ezinhlamvu, futhi ezimweni eziningi kukhona ezingosomathuba. Kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, baqala secrete endotoxins futhi kubangele ukushisa okukhulu futhi intoxications. Ngenxa eziyinkimbinkimbi cell udonga isakhiwo cishe kungayinaki antibiotic.

Umzimba womuntu iqukethe kokubili zalezi zinhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane. Isilinganiso efanele igremu-HIV futhi igremu-negative amagciwane silondoloze evamile microflora lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, amathumbu, ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni.

igremu-HIV

amagciwane Iningi kukhona amenable ukuba staining udayi onsomi, okungukuthi, abe permeable cell odongeni, kuyingozi abantu. Lezi zihlanganisa streptococci, staphylococci, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridium, mycobacteria, actinomycetes. esiyingozi Ikakhulukazi Staphylococcus aureus, okuyinto ushaya umzimba esibuthaka ingelashwa ngokushesha kuholela ekufeni isiguli. Kodwa nakho okuwusizo acidosis acid lactobacillus.

amagciwane Gram-HIV kuthinte ipheshana zokuphefumula, inhliziyo imisipha, ingqondo kanye isikhumba. Bephambana igciwane ubovu e izilonda, ushevu egazini.

Izifo babangela

Kuyinto amagciwane igramu-HIV imbangela izifo ezifana ezivamile ezithathelwanayo ezifana:

• namathansela, pharyngitis;
• sinusitis, abezindaba otitis;
• rheumatism;
• ushevu egazini;
• i-pneumonia,
• ukuvuvukala kobuchopho;
• -anthrax;
• izifo ezibangelwa ukudla;
• botulism;
• idiphtheria;
• ngqi;
• igesi esibhibhayo.

amagciwane igramu-negative

Zibhaleni phansi mikhulu, kodwa phakathi kwabo kukhona abaningi abangakholelwa iyobalimaza kumuntu. Lawa nezilwanyana ezincane ikakhulu ezingosomathuba. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, bahlala emzimbeni womuntu ngaphandle kumzwise umonakalo. I ezivamile amabhaktheriya Gram-negative elandelayo. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene:

• proteobacteria;
• Pseudomonas;
• chlamydia;
• meningococcus;
• Brucella;
• spirochetes;
• gonococci;
• Helicobacter.

Nezilwanyana ezincane kungukuthi ababethi umbala onsomi, kuba esitebeleni njenganoma yikuphi amasosha omzimba futhi elwa namagciwane. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezibangelwa kubo, kunzima kabi ukukwelapha.

Yini ezenza

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ama-bacterium Gram-okungekuhle njengalokhu imbangela izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-imvilophi eziyinkimbinkimbi alawa magciwane ekubhubhiseni eziningi ukukhishwa wobuthi chithi emhlabeni egazini womuntu, okubangela ukudakwa ezinzima. It kuvela ukuthi akukho namagciwane abangela izifo ngokwabo, futhi ikakhulukazi ulwelwesi lwawo oluqinile - ungqimba lipopolysaccharide esibangela amasosha omzimba. Bona kungaholela ekwakhiweni ukuvuvukala. Kodwa uma amasosha omzimba lomuntu ukuze, kulula ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nezilwanyana ezincane ezinjalo, futhi izifo akusiyo esabekayo.

Ukuze Gram-negative amagciwane amabhaktheriya esifo ezibangela isipatsholo, ugcunsula, meningitis izifo zokuphefumula. bacterium evamile Ikakhulukazi enjalo buyout imbangela nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye ngomgudu womchamo, pheshana emathunjini. Gram-okungekuhle njengalokhu enjalo Amagciwane owaziwa njengo Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella. Tibangela salmonellosis, meningitis, i-typhoid fever, uhudo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto onjalo nezilwanyana ezincane ukumelana banesibopho ngamagciwane okunzima nosocomial. Phela, zingabhekana ngokuphumelelayo ngisho nangemva magciwane sina.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi ulwazi ekwelapheni izifo

Ngo izifo ukucacisa ukwelashwa ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana liyadingeka ukusebenzisa indlela Gram sokunquma okuyinto nezilwanyana ezincane ziye zabangela ukugula: Gram amagciwane negative omuhle noma Gram. Imithi elwa namagciwane kuyabekwa kuye lokhu. Ngemva ukwelashwa kukhethwe kahle ungakwazi senze isimo sishube.

Ukuze sithole lwegciwane isikhwehlela uphenyo, acinene, nobe kukhishwa sangasese somuntu wesifazane, ngemva kwalokho angene endleni ukuhlaziywa, uketshezi lwamalunga noma pleural. Lezi amasampula abangu ngaphansi luhlolo ngu Gram staining.

Okunzima kakhulu ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane Gram-HIV. Ngokuyinhloko, bavezwa inhlanganisela yemithi elwa namagciwane ezimbili, noma izidakamizwa isizukulwane esisha. Kahle ngokumelene nabo kungaba "Ampicillin" noma "Amoxicillin", "Chloramphenicol", "i-streptomycin" futhi iqembu cephalosporins. Abakwazi sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo uma kubanda ulwelwesi olungaphandle amagciwane.

Ulwazi isakhiwo odongeni webhaktheriya kungenzeka ukuba ngcono ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo.