Iziqhumane - imiqondo eyisisekelo, isicelo, ngezigaba

Ukuqhuma kuyinto inqubo fast ngokwedlulele e ekuguqulweni igesi kuqhume kakhulu ashisayo Umfutho, ngaleso ukunwetshwa efanayo okusheshayo yenza mechanical umsebenzi ukunyakaza, ebhidliza, futhi ukwehluleka ejection.

Iziqhumane - chemical compounds kanye Izingxube ngezinye uhlobo oluthile ithonya zangaphandle uqale ngenkuthalo ukukhulula ukushisa kanye yakha amagesi evuthayo ngobuningi.

Ukudubula ngokuvamile efana ukushiswa amalahle, izingodo nezinye umlilo nezinto ezinokuvutha ezivamile. Umehluko kuphela ijubane omlilo - kuthatha indawo ukuqhuma endaweni ngesekhondi. Kulokhu singaphetha izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ushintsho yokuqhuma:

1. Burning lapho amandla adluliselwe komunye ungqimba kwenye indaba conduction. Isibonelo izinto ezinjalo - powder.
2. Detonation lapho ukwanda ngokushesha komsebenzi amagesi. Speed Shockwave ngaleyo ndlela ongafinyelela ijubane umsindo. iziqhumane okunjalo: TNT, RDX, ammonium.

Ukuze uqale inqubo ukuqhuma, kubalulekile ukuba afeze umthelela yangaphandle phezu kwakwakhe alufakwa. Kunezindlela eziningana ukuchayeka:

• mechanical - ukushaqeka, friction, kwabathinta;
• Chemistry - chemical ukusabela nemiyo eziqhumayo ukukhokhiswa ezengeziwe;
• ukushisa - inhlansi, ukushisa, ukuvuvukala;
• detonation - ukuqaliswa ukuqhuma ekhuthaza kwamakhemikhali eduze namanye.

Ukwahlukanisa e ukuzwela iziqhumane

Kucalisa - ebucayi kakhulu futhi ube ne-detonation umthelela. Izinto ezinjalo yedivayisi ukuphepha afakwe isehlane - cap, fuse, detonator cap.

Blasting - esetshenziselwa ezimayini, amagobolondo, amabhomu, rocket, njll Umkhaya Ohlukene ngokusho amandla amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu izidakamizwa alufakwa (hexogen, tetryl), amandla evamile (melinite, TNT, ukwakheka) namandla ongaphakeme (ammonium nitrate kanye Izingxube yayo ehlukahlukene).

amandla anda izinto avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa admixture nge phlegmatizer, okuyinto ukunciphisa ezifweni zabo ngokungadingekile emathonyeni angaphandle. Zingase futhi sisetshenziswa ndawonye nezinye izinto ukuthuthukisa amandla ukuqhuma noma njengenhlangano detonator Lesisemkhatsini.

Ukulahla - izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene neziqhumane, Izingxube pyrotechnic, inkanyezi amagobolondo, izimayini, amabhomu, igqamuka.

Zonke iziqhumane zinezikhathi velocity of detonation of eziyiziqhumane ukuguqulwa ukushisa, ukuzwela, chemical ukumelana, alufakwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuqhumisa, ukuminyana, ubude operability, isimo evamile wokuhlanganisa.

I izakhiwo eyisisekelo kunazo ngesikhathi esifanayo - explosiveness futhi kuqhume okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Explosiveness - ikhono uhlukanise futhi abhubhise izinto. Explosiveness incike amagesi indlela okusheshayo akhiqizwa ukuqhuma. Ayanda lokhu impahla kangcono ezimayini kuqhume, amagobolondo, amabhomu, ngoba enqubeni ye ukuqhuma kuyoba qualitatively wahlukana projectile igobolondo okuseceleni okubukhali kanye kuyodingeka ijubane omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi igagasi ukushaqeka. I velocity of detonation nayo kuhlobane ngokuqondile blasting.

alufakwa High - inkomba yokuthi ikhono ukuchitha balahle izinto kusuka yalendawo kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu. Eqinisweni, le kuqhume ukusebenza. Inani igesi ukuthi ikhishwe ku ukuqhuma futhi inquma inani alufakwa okusezingeni eliphezulu.

iziqhumane ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Ukuze umsebenzi ezimayini kanye imigodi, ebhidliza ice emifuleni nasolwandle izinto ezidingekayo kanye esiphezulu ephezulu kuqhume, futhi kungaba yisiphi explosiveness. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube ammonium. Ukuze kukhiqizwe amagobolondo, kunalokho, ukusetshenziswa lomcebo kakhulu brisant amagobolondo obhubhisayo iphansana - ezifana plastids.