Acrylic acid. izakhiwo Chemical. isicelo

Acrylic acid - ingenye abameleli olula unsaturated monobasic acid carboxylic. ifomula sayo simi ngale ndlela: CH2 = CH-COOH. Iwuketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle kokuba iphunga abukhali futhi singathandeki. Oncibilikayo emanzini, chloroform, diethyl utshwala Ethanol, ukuhambisa olunye polymerized ukwakha polyacrylic acid. Esikhathini acrylic acid has amanye amagama: etenkarbonovaya acid propenoic acid.

Kanjani ukuze uthole (noma synthesize) acrylic acid?

1. Okwamanje, acrylic acid kuveza umusi isigaba namachibi of propylene nomoya-mpilo (O2) ukuze molybdenum, i-bismuth noma ayibe yelikhono. Isibonelo ukusabela elandelayo:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (i-oksijini) = CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid)

2. Esikhathini esidlule, isetshenzisiwe yokusabela lapho i-carbon monoxide is asabela ngayo II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) namanzi (H2O). Ukusabela chemical kuthanda ngesikhathi esifanayo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (amanzi) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid).

Enye ukusetshenziswa formaldehyde wasithukuthelela ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Manje ngu Rohm futhi Haas kudala ekhethekile acid zamagama ubuchwepheshe etenkarbonovoy kusukela propane.

izakhiwo Chemical of acrylic acid

Kubhekwe kithi acid bangase bafinyelele nosawoti, esters, anhydrides, amides, chloride acid, nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Futhi-ke ongangena ukusabela kwalokho, kukhona isici carbons ethylene. Amanzi kufaneleka, acid protonic futhi NH3 kwenzeka hhayi lo Markovnikov umthetho. Kulesi zakha amagama ahlobene ukufaka endaweni yawo. Acrylic acid okuhilelekile zamagama diene. Futhi wafingqa nge ahlukahlukene aryl diazonium nosawoti. Lapho ngemisebe ultraviolet, it yakha polyacrylic acid.

Ukusetshenziswa kiloty acrylic

- esetshenziswa njengoba impahla eluhlaza enkulu ekwakhekeni ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo polymer nge ezahlukene zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba izakhiwo (isib, epulasitikini futhi ezinengilazi);

- isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nginihlakaze aqueous upende acrylic; lapho indawo isicelo upende enjalo kuzoncika izakhiwo amakhemikhali copolymer - Umdwebo yokugcina ezimoto ophahleni ukuze ababethi;

- acrylic acid nemikhiqizo yalo asetshenziselwa ukwakha impregnation we isikhumba nezicubu ukuba emulsions e opende, njengoba impahla eluhlaza for acrylic rubbers yemisipha acrylic, ukwakhiwa anamathelayo, futhi Izingxube yalo; metaakrilovoy esters futhi acrylic acid (ethers ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa, methyl methacrylate futhi methyl acrylate) asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni polymers;

- izingxenye acrylic acid isetshenziswa ukudalwa superabsorbents.

isitoreji Ofanele acrylic acid

Lapho ukugcina ketshezi ukuze ugweme polymerization inhibitor sengezwe - hydroquinone. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-acid kumelwe distill ngokuqapha, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa polymerization okukhulu.

Ukuphepha lisetshenziswa

Lapho ukusebenza acrylic acid kufanele bacabangele ukuthi imfuyo kuyacasula ukuba isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. IThrojani efaka isimeli seseva ecasulayo acid 0.04 mg / ilitha. Ngemva ukuxhumana ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we inhlamvu yeso, njengoba umthetho, kudala ukusha corneal, kungaholela izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa (umonakalo, asilapheki). Inhalation acrylic acid evala kungadala ikhanda, ukucasuka yaleli pheshana yokuphefumula, kanye Ukweqiwa ngokweqile - ukuthuthukiswa edema yamaphaphu. Ezindaweni lapho umsebenzi wenziwa nge acrylic acid, kudinga ukulawula njalo emoyeni. MPC le acid 5 mg / metr³. Security izinyathelo okufanele sikhunjulwe lapho usebenza nabanye okunye. Njengoba isibonelo acrylonitrile.