Ukusabela Chemical: kungani alchemy okungalungile

Abanye ososayensi lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi izwe yakhiwa esisodwa uhlobo oluhlukile. Umqondo jikelele ndaba ukhona namuhla, kodwa abantu basendulo banephutha. Kusukela kulokhu ukuduka zivela, lapho bezama ukwenza phambili kukufake igolide. Nokho, izinqubo zabo ezingokomzimba alchemy waya chemical, ukudala kwesayensi entsha. Manje zonke wesikole uyazi Achiever izimpawu kahle umehluko phakathi kwalezi izinqubo ezimbili. Kuyini ukusabela chemical?

Izibonelo kuyabonakala noma ezimweni zansuku zonke. Izingane eziningi watch njengoba umama aluyidambisi soda uviniga, futhi sinjalo umbono sokuqala ngqá zamakhemikhali. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, ungase wazise ingane futhi kwezinye izimpawu, ukubona. Ngokwesibonelo, yensimbi nokugqwala ukuhwalala esiliva. Kuphinde kube ukusabela zamakhemikhali.

Thina ubuyele umehluko izinqubo okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko. Ngakho, lapho inqubo ngokomzimba ayishintshi ketshezi engqamuzaneni. Umzimba zingenziwa ukushintsha ukuma, kungenziwa sichotshozwe izinhlayiya into, ungakwazi ukushintsha isimo yayo wokuhlanganisa. Kodwa indlela yokwakheka izinhlayiya zihlala zinjalo. Can eliyochotshozwa aluminium spoon ohlangothini noma sebenzisa ukushisa okukhulu ingcindezi ukumenza shabalala - kodwa umzimba kuyoba aluminium.

Lapho ukusabela chemical ihlelwe kabusha uxhumano, nakuba ketshezi angase ahlale okufanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthola idayimane kusuka graphite, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele akuyona inqubo ngokomzimba, futhi amakhemikhali kanye ukuxhumana ihlelwe kabusha. Nakuba, njengoba umthetho, ukubunjwa ndaba siyashintsha, isibonelo idayimane - ngaphandle.

Ngokuvamile, ingxube yamakhemikhali elihlobene ne ukukhululwa noma ukumuncwa amandla. Lesi sakamuva kuzibonakalisa njengoba ukushisa. Kube ukuphendula thermoneutral, lapho ezishisayo umphumela zero. Kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu noma zidinga "ukumnika" amandla amakhulu, noma bona, futhi ahambisana ushintsho lokushisa. Inqubo omlilo kuphinde sekulandela esinye futhi isikhali nokukhululwa ukukhanya.

Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukushintsha isakhiwo ezijulile ndaba kungenziwa ngokuthi i inqubo yamakhemikhali. Kukhona futhi ukusabela zenuzi. Ezisithintayo ndaba ezingeni le-athomu. Nge yokugcina siguqulelwa athomu nezinye izinhlobo - we -elementi zamakhemikhali. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngawo omkhulu kakhulu amandla ikhishwe. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula ukuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi, ukuqonda ukuthi bekukhulunywa ngani.

Ukuze ulungise izinqubo, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ithuluzi ekhethekile: ezothando yokusabela chemical. izinto Kwesobunxele elilotshiwe elingaziwa athwale igama reagents, ngakwesokudla - imikhiqizo. Akuwona wonke omthandayo esikoleni ukubeka okuza ezibalweni. Kufanele ukuthi lezi zici kumane kubonisa izinqubo zangempela, asenziwanga "aphume ikhanda lami" umuntu. Phela, ama-athomu akuveli angaqondi ukuthi kungani. abafundi yanamuhla lucky: bangafundza ngemihambo amafomula izidakamizwa, kodwa endala okwakudingeka bancike kuphela inani umkhiqizo kanye reagent esingayiboni njalo.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinqubo zemvelo namakhemikhali? Ngokuvamile ukushisa ukukhululwa, noma igesi kwezulu, ukushintsha kombala. Kodwa le ndlela akusebenzi njalo, ngoba kusukela ibhodlela evulekile soda out igesi ngaphambili kakhulu ziyoncibilika, mercury oxide ngu ukugaya zingashintsha umbala, futhi ukhethe i-nitrous kushintsha umbala lapho evuthayo. umphumela Thermal ungaboniswa kakhulu kabi, ngakho-ke akulula ukulungisa, ukuze ezinjalo zamakhemikhali kungatholakala by ... nezinye ukusabela.

Isayensi ngezinto ine kwesigaba ezithakazelisayo - Mechanochemistry. Ngenxa yalokho yesenzo mechanical Izigayo ekhethekile into kokuba free radicals, futhi uzuza izakhiwo ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-aspirin is kahle ekhiqizwa yasekhemisi. Athutha isebenze chemical ngaphezulu asebenzayo, okuyinto ebaluleke for imithi.