Kumiswa, Isayensi
Biology - isayensi study lokho?
Omunye kakhulu lasendulo, kodwa okuqhubekayo ngisho namuhla isayensi biology. Kuyinto isayensi ukuthi etadisha ukwehluka yemvelo esizungezile. Phela, zonke izinsuku sibhekene amakhulu izidalwa eziphilayo: izinambuzane, amagciwane, izitshalo kanye, yebo, abantu. umzimba ngamunye has izici zayo siqu kanye nesakhiwo wokuphila, bonke oxhumene by imithetho ethile futhi benziwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba ubudlelwano. Konke lokhu kanye ukuhlola isayensi inkulu, okuthakazelisayo futhi kukhulu ezifana biology.
I uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; Zomhlaba iplanethi
Iplanethi yethu kuhlale ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo. Bonke nihlanganyele, akha igobolondo ezivamile. Ukuhlala isikhumba Zomhlaba. Ibizwa ngokuthi isimiso semvelo. Ngaphezu uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, iplanethi yethu ine igobolondo njengoba hydrosphere, lithosphere kanye nomkhathi. Ngokwemvelo, yonke biomass uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli igobolondo lalingekho ngaphandle nezinye amagobolondo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuqhekeka kunemibandela kakhulu. Empeleni, ngamunye igobolondo yakhiwa abameleli uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.
Ngokwesibonelo, lithosphere is ezinabantu abaningi izibungu, ama-bacterium, izibungu, izinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayo. Futhi, itholakala engxenyeni engezansi izitshalo zakhe kakhulu ezikhona eliwumhlaba.
Hydrosphere, emelelwa uquqaba zonke izinhlobo amanzi emhlabeni, ngokuvamile emhlabeni wonke, enhle ezithakazelisayo ngezithako zawo biomass. Isibhakabhaka akulona okuhlukile. A ezihlukahlukene amagciwane izinambuzane, izinyoni, ngisho ezincelisayo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yalo bese usisebenzisa zokuhlala unomphela. Lilonke, cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo (ngaphandle ezinye izinhlobo zama-bacterium) bayakwazi ukuphila kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo aerobic, okusho ozungeze umhlaba.
Zonke biomass uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli igobolondo - umphakathi multimillion nezidalwa eziphilayo. Futhi ngakho isayensi izilwane zasendle, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, zonke kufakwe neminyango yayo, is nje wahlanganyela ukutadishwa kulo mphakathi okukhulu.
Izindlela kanye izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa biology
Ukuze zihlolisisa isimo nokubukela enemininingwane nokulula zonke izinto eziphilayo nemvelo, izinto ezikhethekile elisetshenziswa biology. Njenge:
- nommese;
- izibopho;
- impintshisi;
- ekulinganiseni amathuluzi;
- izicupho-ibala;
- ezigqulweni futhi pestles;
- amashubhu;
- emathileyi kanye Petri isidlo;
- sokuhlaziya inaliti namathebula;
- ngezibuko nezingodo ze yokusondeza izibuko;
- ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo nangezibonakhulu nokunye.
Yiqiniso, akuyona uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke ezihlukahlukene izinto ezisiza izazi zezinto eziphilayo bahlala ulwazi kanye nocwaningo.
Futhi, zikhona izindlela eziqondile ezisebenzisa biology njengoba isayensi. izindlela biology nhlobonhlobo, kodwa esiyinhloko babo kungenziwa kanje oluthathwa.
indlela yemvelo
| igama indlela | izinto zokwakha | ukubaluleka esisebenzayo |
| ukubukela | Field Diary, omabonakude, esikhombe, isibonakhulu, video imishini isithombe nokunye. | Ukuthola ukuboniswa okubonakalayo into waphawula ngaphandle kokuphazamisa zezinqubo ezingokwemvelo, ekuqongeleleni ulwazi oluwusizo. |
| incazelo | Ikhompyutha, zokubhala nephepha. | Nenkanuko edlulele ngemiphumela ukuthi zazitholakala ngokubona. Le ndlela inikeza nokubaluleka okungokomlando ukuze kulondolozwe imininingwane ewusizo. |
| experiment | imishini Laboratory, isibonakhulu nokunye. D. | Beka phambili isiqinisekiso esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile imicabango ngokwesayensi. |
| ukuqhathanisa | Izincwadi noma ucwaningo ngale ndaba. | Ivumela wena ukuba ukhethe ngaphezu kwemiphumela lesifanele, futhi ibonisa zonke zashintsha ukuphila, isakhiwo eziphilayo, kuye ngamaphuzu ahlukahlukene. |
| Awokuzenzisa (kuhlanganisa nje okungaqondile, systematization) | Izinto ukwakha amamodeli we into ngaphansi cwaningo. | It ikuvumela lokuphinda isithombe izinqubo kanye ukubikezela umphumela. |
| ehlaziyayo | amathuluzi Ukulinganisa, amakhompyutha | Kusenza sikwazi ukuzwa ukuthi athola amaphethini jikelele noma umehluko nemvelo futhi inikeza systematization yolwazi zanqwabelana. |
izindlela zesimanje:
| Centrifuges, nangezibonakhulu ekhethekile, izitsha petri, isiko media esekelwe agar, imishini ethize kanye namadivayisi. | Nikeza ukuhlaziywa olunembile owesincane eziphilayo amayunithi, ukukhipha konke akwaziyo akutshele mayelana izinqubo ezenzeka ezingeni yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Vumela ukuthi liphazamisane ufuzo futhi ukusetha izindawo oyifunayo yezinto eziphilayo. |
Ngenxa yalokho, sithola yi elandelayo. Biology - isayensi study zezinto eziphilayo is fully ephelele, oluphelele futhi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene yesimanje.
Amagatsha eyinhloko biology
Namuhla, i-biology has inqwaba yi isayensi abasha, okuyinto akhiwa kuwo ngenxa ekuqongeleleni semali ulwazi ezihlukahlukene izindaba obucayi kakhulu eziphathelene izinhlelo ophilayo. Thina ukuhlukanisa eziyisisekelo, ezindaweni ezazinganakiwe athuthukile wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
- Biology Jikelele.
- Ufuzo.
- Zoology.
- Botany.
- I physiology izitshalo nezilwane.
- Anatomy.
- Physiology Human.
- Lemvelo.
- Biogeography.
- Biochemistry.
Okokuqala, i-biology - isayensi yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, zonke lezi zindawo kubalulekile umongo waleli isayensi.
Biology Jikelele: essence, into cwaningo
Ngaphansi leli gama lisho ukuthi ukutadisha izici eziyisisekelo zokuphila zonke uhlelo ophilayo: imvelaphi, kwemvelo kanye ukuvela ngokwemvelo, esebenza ngayo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-biology jikelele kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Cell ithiyori isakhiwo esitokisini.
- I ontogeny eziphilayo.
- Isayensi yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.
- Ufuzo.
- Ukuvela zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Lemvelo.
- Imfundiso kaZiqu-Jikelele Lwamakheli igobolondo Earth.
Ohlwini kuba sobala ukuthi biology - isayensi etadisha izici jikelele evamile kuzo zonke izinhlelo ophilayo iyonke. Ngokuhamba esikoleni afundisa biology jikelele esikoleni esiphakeme, kusukela 9 kuya ku-11 kukonke. Kusuke kufanele kube njalo, ngoba umqondo ukuthi kuhlanganisa ngokwako, ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, besiyoba sikhulu futhi zidinga ezingaphezu kuka ube nombono kwakheka abafundi.
Botany ngokuhamba esikoleni
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi ukubeka inani cishe 350 000 zinhlobo, lapho kuziwa ezihlukahlukene izitshalo yesimanje. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu sibalo siphezulu kakhulu, kanti nezitshalo ahlukile futhi ezithakazelisayo, hhayi ukwakha isayensi ahlukene elibhekene nomse- kuphela ezifundweni zabo. Ngalokhu isayensi osebenza wezitshalo, biology sigaba.
Zonke izitshalo zingahlukaniswa zibe eliwumhlaba futhi zasemanzini. Kodwa lokhu nje esinzima, ebusweni ngezigaba. Eqinisweni, kukhona taxa eziningi, izizukulwane, zilwane, zenyathi, nezinye amayunithi ehlelekile, okuyinto zihlukaniswe izitshalo. Lona umnyombo walokho isitshalo taxonomy, omunye umnyango wezitshalo.
Kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho iminyango, esehlanganise zonke izici zokuphila isitshalo:
- morphology isitshalo;
- zomzimba isitshalo;
- ngemvelo;
- biogeography;
- phylogeny;
- kwemvelo;
- I-Economic Botany.
Isiqalo nesigcino zonke lezi wesayensi, kanye nalawo matiko ayingxenye ngamunye wabo yena, livumela Ucwaningo olunzulu Imininingwane yanoma yimuphi umzimba isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi biology - isayensi izitshalo.
Botany bafundelwa Yiqiniso isikole biology of 6-7 amakilasi, kuncike iprogramme. Imibuzo phylogeny kanye kwemvelo ezifundiswa grade 11.
Zoology ngokuhamba esikoleni
Isayensi kwezilwane echazwe ezingaphezu kuka 1350000 zinhlobo zezilwane zasendle. Iningi kukhona ezingenamgogodla - izinambuzane, izimpethu, izidalwa zasolwandle. Lesi sibalo akuyona wokugcina, ngoba Izazi yabo ucwaningo ungayeki. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezibonakala abanalutho ukuvula kanye nazozonke izilwane zaziwa, zenzeka ngezikhathi ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo.
Zoology - omunye sciences endala, okubandakanya biology. Izilwane ezifuywayo - omunye okuvame kakhulu kanti ikuyo yonke indawo eziphilayo izinhlelo kule planethi yethu. Zoology amadili nge ekutadisheni isakhiwo (zangaphakathi nezangaphandle) yazo zonke izilwane zabo taxonomy, izitho zomzimba, anatomy, ethology, indalo kanye geography.
Kanye wezitshalo, ngokuphila kwezilwane kwesigaba kuphoqelekile ekutadisheni isayensi yezinto eziphilayo esikoleni. Yiqiniso wayo ewela ebangeni 7th.
Indima biology ekuphileni kwebantfu
Biology - isayensi study futhi ihlanganisa imikhakha eziningi kangaka zokuphila ezahlukene, akungabazeki ngoba sibalulekile futhi ukubaluleka ukuthi kukhona. izibonelo ezisemqoka ezibonisa ngokucacile futhi akwethule, njengoba kulandela:
- Izilwane ezikhulisela bangawela umdlavuza izimila (oshaka imisebe) kukhona isisekelo esihle kakhulu ekutholeni kanye nekuvula ikhambi lalesi sifo ka ngekhulu xxi.
- Izimpumelelo microbiologists, biochemists nezesayenzi yezokwelapha sokuvumela isintu ukuba balahle izifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise umsuka ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- I-biotechnology, cell kanye genetic engineering kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngcono umkhiqizo wezolimo kanye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla wonke izizwe.
- biology Anthropological wembula umsuka wakho konke ukuphila, lokuphinda isithombe emhlabeni futhi ukugwema amaphutha esikhathini esizayo.
Lena akuzona zonke izizathu kanye izimo ezikuvumela ukukhuluma biology njengoba ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo ekuphileni kanye umkhuba izazi zesayensi.
amagatsha okusha wezinto eziphilayo
Kuze kube manje, i-izindawo abasha othembisayo isayensi ababazalayo ezifana:
- i-biotechnology;
- microbiology;
- iseli yobunjiniyela;
- genetic engineering;
- molecular biology;
- biochemistry;
- isikhala biology;
- biology wezokwelapha.
Lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi lezi sciences kusivumela elichaza iyiphi inhlangano ehlobene uhlelo eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, i-biology - isayensi yemvelo kwasekuqaleni, futhi ngezinzuzo kukunikeze umuntu.
Biology esikoleni
Biology ngokungaqondile abathintekayo at the stage of course yomlando yemvelo (Libanga 5 lwezifundo). Kunjengoba isihloko uma iqala ngamadijithi grade 6 (wezitshalo), Ibanga 7 - kwezilwane Libanga 8 - anatomy, 9-11 - biology jikelele.
School Yiqiniso lokhu isayensi ihilela ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, okubhekisele cishe zonke amagatsha awo kanye nezigaba. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe lovumelanako izingane bezibona emhlabeni, kanye nokwenziwa ecacile abafundi ukubaluleka zokuphila isayensi ezweni lanamuhla.
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