Abezindaba izakhi microbiology

amagciwane Ucwaningo zidinga umsebenzi ngokucophelela nge imishini eminingi kanye namathuluzi. Izilokazane ezincane endaweni yokucwaninga iyanda njengoba ngokushesha futhi bakwazi ukulondoloza umsebenzi evamile, usebenzisa izakhi naphakathi ekhethekile. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-nemibandela biophysical efanelekayo ukukhula asebenzayo we isiko virus.

abezindaba izakhi. Microbiology nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza

Amakoloni amagciwane ngaphandle kwesibeletho etshalwa ku Petri izitsha zigcwele okuqukethwe jelly noma-semi ketshezi. Lona naphakathi izakhi, ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukukhula yemvelo isiko ngekhwalithi.

Faka imidiya enjalo ocwaningweni microbiological kanye laboratories yezokwelapha zokuxilonga. Kwakamuva abasebenza isikhathi esiningi dabs ka namagciwane abangela izifo noma ezingena ngentuba, isikhundla ehlelekile is ngqo kunqunywa isikhungo.

abezindaba Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo zokwenziwa

I oyisisekelo esebenza amagciwane - ukhetha kahle medium. Kufanele kube efanelekayo nezimfuno eziningi, phakathi lapho okuqukethwe micro- futhi macroelements, ama-enzyme, pH njalo, ingcindezi osmotic, ngisho iphesenti oxygen emoyeni.

abezindaba izakhi zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

1. Imvelo. Izingxube okunjalo uzilungiselele kusukela izithako zemvelo. Lokhu kungaba amanzi emfuleni, plant izingxenye, umquba, imifino, yezimila nezilwane, imvubelo, nokunye. D. Lezi izimpawu wokuqukethwe lelisetulu zemvelo amakhemikhali ezininginingi egqugquzela ukukhula kwamagciwane isiko. Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezinhle eyayikuzo sobala, imvelo ayikuvumeli izifundo ezikhethekile nge zamagciwane ethize kwamagciwane.
2. abezindaba Zokwenziwa. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ukubunjwa yabo kwamakhemikhali olinganise ngqo kuzo zonke izingxenye ezaziwayo. abezindaba okunjalo zilungiselwa isiko elithile webhaktheriya, lapho umzimba is e umcwaningi kusengaphambili ezaziwayo. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungenzeka ukulungiselela zokwenziwa naphakathi ezifana ekukhuleni amagciwane abe nenkani. Zisetshenziswa sokuba ukuhlaziywa ukuphila virus. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini izinto bekhipha ku imvelo futhi kungakanani. Nezilwanyana ezincane ezindaweni zemvelo uyophinde ukhule, kodwa ugcine ithrekhi yiziphi izinguquko belinani ukwakheka akukwazi ngenxa yokunganaki the olinganise yokuqala izinto.

Ukwahlukaniswa imvelo zokuxilonga

hhayi kuphela abezindaba evamile izakhi ingasetshenziswa umsebenzi amagciwane. Microbiology - isayensi elikhulu, ngakhoke ucwaningo kwesinye isikhathi kuqakathekile ukwenza ukukhethwa nezilwanyana ezincane ngenxa yananoma yiziphi izizathu. Ukusetshenziswa abezindaba umehluko-zokuxilonga endaweni yokucwaninga kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe amakoloni oyifunayo zama-bacterium ku petri dish ka isisekelo kwamakhemikhali izimpilo zabo.

Ukwakheka media ezifana uye kuhlanganisa njalo izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Umsoco cell ukukhula.

2. substrate ihlaziye (imfuyo).

3. Inkomba, okunikela umbala ehlukile ngesikhathi ukugeleza ezithile ukuphendula.

Isibonelo abezindaba umehluko-zokuxilonga okunomsoco "Endo". Isetshenziselwa kokukhetha amakoloni amagciwane ezingaba sokudiliza-lactose. Ekuqaleni, le imvelo uba nombala Pinkish. Uma ikoloni microorganism akakwazi ukuba ngivule i-lactose, kuthatha evamile emhlophe. Uma leli gciwane ninamathele substrate, bona zipendwe ngombala ehlukile okukhanyayo.

imvelo yokuqokwa

I-laboratories zokuxilonga ngokuvamile abasebenza imivimbo, equkethe kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-bacterium ezahlukene. Ngokusobala, ikhwalithi yomsebenzi kumele kube ezinye indlela ukukhetha koloni kudingeka inqwaba abangabazi. Lapha kungasiza ayizidleke bacterium, okwakhiwa kwalo ngokuphelele efaniswe ukuphila uhlobo olulodwa kuphela nezilwanyana ezincane.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezifana ofanele Ukukhetha naphakathi kuphela zokukhiqiza Escherichia coli. Khona-ke, ukutshala ezihlukahlukene amagciwane ku petri dish, sibona koloni kuphela efanayo E. coli futhi engasekho. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza, udinga ulwazi oluhle umzimba amagciwane wafunda ngempumelelo uyikhethe ingxube yezinye izinhlobo.

Solid, lulwimi okuqinile kanye nama-liquid isiko abezindaba

I-bacterium zingatshalwa hhayi kuphela substrates okuqinile. isiko abezindaba kuhluke isimo wokuhlanganisa, kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka womshini. Ekuqaleni, zonke zibe ukungaguquguquki woketshezi, unezela agar gelatin endaweni kumaphesenti athile congeals ingxube.

abezindaba Liquid izakhi ngokuvamile zitholakala amashubhu. Uma kukhona isidingo zikhule amabhaktheriya ezimweni ezinjena, isixazululo of isampula isiko bese ulinda izinsuku 2-3. Umphumela zingahluka: bakha kwenze is, ifilimu okubonakala u anta noma ishq elincane elamiswa isixazululo esinamafu.

naphakathi Solid livame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni microbiological ukutadisha izakhiwo zama-bacterium amakoloni. abezindaba ezinjalo njalo esobala noma angenisa ukukhanya, ukuze bakwazi kahle ukuhlonza umbala nokuma isiko nezilwanyana ezincane.

Ulungiselela isiko abezindaba

Kakhulu nje ukulungiselela substrates ezifana ingxube inyama ezisekelwe ku umhluzi, gelatin noma agar. Uma ufuna ukwenza substrate okuqinile noma-semi uketshezi uketshezi ungeze ngokulandelana 2-3% futhi 0.2-0.3% we gelatin noma agar. Badlala indima enkulu ingxube ukuqina, kodwa ngokuqinisekile akuzona umthombo izakhi. Ngakho, medium izakhi ibhalwe futhi ukuthi Site ukukhula isiko virus.