Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov njengesazi sezilimi. Lomonosov mayelana ulimi

It is ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukubizwa ngokuthi uyise isayensi Russian namasiko. Kuwo wonke umkhakha, lapho Mikhail esebenza, wayeshiye trace elikhanyayo futhi imenze emhlabeni okutholakele eziningi ezinkulu.

Ekhuluma Mikhail Vasilyevich

Ngokungafani ontanga yabo ukoma isegazini ulwazi, ngisho esemncane, wafunda ukufunda nokubhala.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, le nsizwa iya eMoscow futhi, ukuzenza umuntu ohlonishwayo ngokuvakashela, udumo njengoba umfundi e-Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, lapho kamuva wathola ukulungiselela theory ezinhle futhi kahle amakhosi Latin. Khona-ke, ngo-1736, wathunyelwa Petersburg Academic University, lapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyothiwa eJarimani ukufunda izimayini nelesimbi. Imfundo yazo M. V Lomonosov wangena Freiburg, lapho wathatha ukuze bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo practice.

Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yokuba zezemfundo, wavikela ngesibindi izithakazelo abantu futhi waphoqelela imfundo isibe kufinyeleleke hhayi kuphela ephezulu, kodwa abantukazana. Kwaba ekuthatheni isinyathelo Mikhail Vasilyevich University yasungulwa ngo eMoscow, okuyinto namanje ngeqholo iqanjwe umsunguli.

On umsebenzi ngokolimi sisonke

Mikhail Vasilyevich ulilethele neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni yezilimi. Naphezu ukucwiliswa kwakhe ubuchwepheshe, wathola ithuba umsebenzi philological. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Russia, e-1757 wanyathelisa uhlelo lolimi lokuqala isiRashiya, labavulekela ukuphinyiselwa futhi imitsetfo yeluhlelo lwelulwimi ulimi ngesisekelo okwashiwo inkulumo bukhoma. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi owokuqala owafika incazelo izici zohlelo lolimi Russian, kwaba Lomonosov. Njengesazi sezilimi Wakuthatha kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, kubuye kube okokuqala ziye kubhekwe morphological imiqondo,-syntax futhi kwakhiwa kwemagama. Ngesisekelo "lolimi Russian" yakhe yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-Russian ulimi izincwadi.

Lomonosov wadalwa waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni mpendulo. Umhlahlandlela yakhe eloquence laba incwadi yokuqala isiRashiya yalolu hlobo. kwathiwa bazakhela Ukwahlukaniswa titfo tenkhulumo, imibuzo ka lupelomagama netiphumuti, lahunyushelwa imigomo eminingi Russian ngokwesayensi.

kokufaneleka Philological Lomonosov

A neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isiRashiya nezincwadi wenza umsebenzi Lomonosov sika. Njengesazi sezilimi, wakhathazeka ngezindaba zokuthuthukiswa kolimi, systematization izici lwetakhi telulwimi nesitayela yayo orthoepic. Ngenxa Mikhail Vasilyevich kabusha ezibalulekile kwenziwa maqondana ulimi etemibhalo Russian, kanye uhlelo ukwamukele versification, ke wehlele izinsuku zethu.

Njengesazi sezilimi, wakhuluma isiRashiya njengoba ifa elikhulu. Mikhail waba ngowokuqala owaqala ukufunda izinkulumo zezemfundo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Wafuna ekucebiseni ulimi tetemibhalo, ukwenza kube kufinyeleleke, kuyaqondakala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esiyingqayizivele. Sizocabangela Lomonosov njengesazi sezilimi. Kafushane mayelana kokufaneleka philological yale ndoda enkulu, manje nixoxe.

"Lolimi Russian" M. V Lomonosova

Okufanela eyinhloko University ukudala esiqinile ukuze kwakhiwe ulimi olusha Russian. Nge ukuthuthukiswa yayo umsebenzi ahlobene nabadumile Mikhail onesihloko esithi "Grammar Russian", eyakhishwa ngo 1755. Umdwebo wakhe has ngempela omkhulu kunabo bonke kuyo yonke imisebenzi ukuthi baletha Lomonosov. Njengesazi sezilimi, yena okokuqala kule "Grammar Russian" wazama ukwehlukanisa imiqondo ezifana Russian neBandla ngesiSlavonic.

Hlunga zolimi ngalunye, sikubone ezizimele maqondana ngokugcwele kwenye - isimiso esinjalo emsebenzini wabo Lomonosov kuyalandelwa. Njengesazi sezilimi, wathembela izindlela ezithile zesayensi okwamsiza ukuba delineate ngokunembile Russian ulimi Isonto ngesiSlavonic. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala a uyakufanelekela ukuqhubeka izincwadi Russian. Njengesazi sezilimi, Lomonosov esekelwe izici izifundo ulimi, wathatha uhlu olude amagama noma izisho, qhathanisa nekuphikisana kubo nomunye. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, kakade ngesisekelo imiphumela sifika eziphethweni ezithile.

On izindlela zocwaningo Lomonosov hhayi zabhekana noma yiluphi ushintsho eziphathekayo, isayensi ophethe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela "izitayela ezintathu" M. V Lomonosova

Kususelwa amasu alo ucwaningo lo wezinguquko enkulu Russian udedelwe umbono 'izitayela ezintathu ", okuyinto atholakala isicelo ngokushesha ukudalwa ulimi olusha etemibhalo. Mikhail wasungula isimiso esejwayelekile nokuxhumana letindlela nemasu lahlukene izinhlobo e yezilimi. Ngamunye 'ezolile' besihambisana nesiminyaminya endaweni ngokushesha kwesicelo. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe Lomonosov esebenziswe lapho echaza izinqubo wesitayela ngolimi. Njengesazi sezilimi, wayehamba ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela unomphela futhi nokwenziwa enhle futhi esiyigugu, okungukuthi ngazo zombili lezi zilimi.

"Isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu"

Ngakho, "isitayela okusezingeni eliphezulu," ashiwo amazwi asetshenziswe ukudala zonke izinhlobo izinkondlo, amaculo, izinkondlo, izinkulumo kanye orations. Lesi sitayela kungenziwa kufanele libhekwe njengelingcwele ngokubabazekayo. Nokho, amazwi ukuthula okunjalo kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa abantu enkulumweni yansuku zonke, kodwa umuntu nokubhala ukubaqonda kukaJesu isikhathi kwaba nethonya.

"Ezolile Isilinganiso"

"Ezolile Isilinganiso" besihloselwe ngokubhala kudlala satirical, izincwadi kuyindida ezijwayelekile noma imisebenzi zomlando. It libhekene a predominance zamagama Russian ne kwalokho ezingavamile lwesiSlavic.

"Ezolile okuphansi"

"Ezolile okuphansi" ugcwele amazwi Russian angekho olimini Slavic. Ngaphandle amahlaya, iculo, izincazelo "ibhizinisi zansuku zonke." Kulesi isitayela, okuthandayo wanikezwa Russian amazwi, inhlamba.

Konke osekushiwo bokubanga lobuchwepheshe Lomonosov theory besihambisana nesiminyaminya isidingo ukuqaphela amalungelo isiRashiya nezincwadi.

iminikelo University lezi zincwadi

Ukukhuluma ngaye njengenhlangano philologist oluvelele, ingasaphathwa kokufaneleka etemibhalo. Ngempela, ukutadisha izimfundiso ezihlukahlukene okwengeziwe ukuzisebenzisa practice Mikhail eyingoduso kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi.

Nakuba eJalimane, wayephuza kakhulu wabhala indaba mayelana ezingaphelele mayelana izinkondlo Russian. Kulesi incwadi wethula kokuchitshiyelwa kabusha Trediakovsky, ukhulisa khona nge Ubukhulu entsha olusankondlo, ezifana anapaest, dactyl futhi amphibrach. Ngokungafani nezinye izimbongi kwaleso sikhathi, akabe sidebeselele ukusetshenziswa imilolotelo ezahlukene ngemisebenzi yakhe. Ingxenye yesibili yencwadi yakhe khona Ode to the Ukuthatha ka Khotin, ukuthi wezinguquko elikhulu elanikezelwa ubuqhawe yebutho Russian. Kuyinto sihluke kakhulu ukuthi amandulela.

Kule minyaka edlule, yena ishicilela omunye umsebenzi owenza izindlela imfundiso yokuziphendukela sekushiwo ka "izitayela ezintathu". Ngenxa yalokho, uthola ukusebenzisa ukwakheka ulimi olusha Russian etemibhalo.

Lomonosov umnikelo ekwakhekeni yesayensi amagama kumila isiRashiya

neqhaza elikhulu isayensi Russian ukwenze Lomonosov. On ulimi wakhuluma sengathi amagugu enkulu esizweni sayo, ifa layo okuphakade. Mikhail Vasilievich wayeqiniseka ukuthi isiRashiya unothile kakhulu futhi enezici ukuthi njalo engenzeka ukuthola amagama afanele labo noma neminye imibandela noma imiqondo.

Wezinguquko wawalwela nobumsulwa ukuphelela isiRashiya, bezama ukumsindisa "ithonya angaphandle". Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba ukuhumusha izwi ne- umqondo ku isiRashiya, noma umane ukhethe okulingana ezifanele nalokho. Ngenxa usosayensi, amazwi ezifana energy, lemali izinhlayiya, isipiliyoni, esungulwe ngokushesha ngokwabo amagama kazwelonke. isibindi emangalisayo ukuphikelela nokuthembela Wit engapheli ezahlukene uma udala yesayensi amagama base Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Njengesazi sezilimi, yena Kwaletha iqhaza elikhulu ukusungulwa the abakhuluma isiRashiya amagama imiqondo.

Okokuqala, Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, njengesazi sezilimi isiRashiya, kwakubacasula ukuhlukunyezwa emagama angaphandle izincwadi noma ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yakhe athukuthelisa ngokujulile nabakhulu, abasinda ngokulambisa bafunda ukuqonda amagama ambalwa e-French, ngokushesha uqala ukuzibheka lapho uthanda. Lomonosov waveza ukuthi Learning zavela kusukela namagama avela kwezinye izilimi uyingozi abanekhono kazwelonke isiko imfundo. Ngakho Wanxusa ukuhlonipha nangobuhle nokuhlukahluka kwezinto ulimi lwendabuko futhi umelana nalabo nomthelela, "babehlanganyela isihlamba efanayo."

Futhi ekugcineni,

umsebenzi Lomonosov sika njengesazi sezilimi kanye wezinguquko owaziwa namuhla asetshenziswa ucwaningo lwesayensi. Lo muntu omkhulu waba ngowokuqala eyajabulela le ingcebo, amandla kanye ubunjalo isiRashiya ukujula. Emibhalweni yakhe, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov wakhuluma izincwadi njengenhlangano ubuciko begama.

Useyisusile eziningi izinyathelo kwetinhlavu ulimi olusha etemibhalo evezwe Amathemba ukuthuthukiswa wayo.

Mikhail zazisebenzela ezinhle abantu. Kwaba umqondo wakhe wawusekelwe University of eMoscow, okuyinto unedumela emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Futhi, wakwazi ukwakha semininingwane amagama, okuyinto nokunonophala ngemva Lomonosov by odumile ososayensi Russian emashumini. Kwaba njalo Lomonosov, sezilimi Russian. Futhi namhlanje, sikhumbula lo muntu omkhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa izithelo zomsebenzi wakhe.