Uxhumano lokudlulisa amanzi - isixazululo aqueous of uxhumano lokudlulisa

amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa buhlanjululwe ngamanzi bromo. Yayo zibalo ukuphendula ngokuvamile eyabhalwa ifomula - Br2, nakuba kuba isixazululo ngengxube acid ezimbili - HBrO (hypobromous acid) HBr (hydrobromic acid). Le ngxube uba nombala ophuzi kanye iphansana okokuqandisa iphuzu. Kuyinto oxidant enamandla lapho iyakhona ngaphansi kwezimo ane-alikhali ukuba oxidize cations izinsimbi ezinjalo - Kr ^+3, MN ^+3, Fe ^+2, Co ^{₊ 2,} Ni ^+3. Ukwengezwa Br ₂ kunciphisa inani pH (pH), ngoba amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa iqukethe khulula acid.

Le into amakhemikhali asebenzayo, okungase ukuxubana kokubili izinto wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic. Cabangela ezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali ne kwakwakhe inikezwe.

amanzi ukushintsha kombala uxhumano lokudlulisa inikeza ukuphendula qualitative bonke hydrocarbon unsaturated. Ukuze afeze lesi silingo kudinga inani elincane iyiphi alkene noma alkyne kuxutshwe ngamapayipi wokuhlola ₂ Br. Ngalesi ukusabela kwalokho zama-athomu uxhumano lokudlulisa endaweni ukudabuka isibopho double noma kathathu. Ukunyamalala umbala ophuzi kulo ukuphendula kuwubufakazi kuthathwe hydrocarbon unsaturation.

Ukusabela chemical "phenol - amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa" isetshenziswa kwenze kusuka isixazululo bromo compounds. Uma ukuxhumana izinto kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo anhydrous, ukwakheka tribromophenol kuzothatha izinsukwana. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ekwandeni, inani elincane H ₂ O.

amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa in laboratory uzilungiselele kanje: ku 1 ml uxhumano lokudlulisa ingezwe 250 ml amanzi distilled, kuyilapho ibangele uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Isixazululo ukulungele ukuthi agcinwe endaweni iziqukathi uvalwe waqiniswa ingilazi amnyama. Uma uzilungiselele Br ₂ elondolozwe ku ukukhanya noma ukukhanya e umfuma, kwemvelo-mpilo kuzokwenzeka ngenxa okuqukethwe hypobromous acid. Umsebenzi ku ukulungiswa reagent wenziwa a hood fume. Kusukela uxhumano lokudlulisa ngokwawo enesihlungu, futhi liqukethe amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa, kubalulekile ukuba baqaphelisise uma usebenza ngayo.

Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele yokuthi nabo Br ₂ isikhumba livela silume kakhulu, futhi nokunwetshiwe kungabangela izilonda. Uma imfuyo ungena isikhumba, kufanele sihlanzwe ngamanzi, bese sodium carbonate. Lapho isilonda enkulu noma izilonda zesikhumba ezijulile epidermis ngaphezu kwalokho ezigcotshwe ngamafutha, okuhlanganisa NaHCO _3.

amanzi uxhumano lokudlulisa kabanzi lisetshenziswe ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali futhi zamagama imikhiqizo organic. Ngakho, ukusebenzisa kwayo emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imithi uxhumano lokudlulisa-aqukethe. Futhi lapha kubalulekile ukuba aqaphele, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwabo nokunwetshiwe kungaholela isifo - bromism. Izimpawu main - ukucobeka, ukukhathala, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Ukuze ukususwa okusheshayo uxhumano lokudlulisa ion kusukela umzimba ukudla nge high angaphezulu aqukethe usawoti ongaba nenala isiphuzo. Okuningi uxhumano lokudlulisa amanzi asetshenziswa emazingeni Lesisemkhatsini ukukhiqizwa retardants - izinto ukuvikela kwakwakhe organic of ignitions. Bona elifakwe izindwangu, ukhuni, zokwakha.