Yiziphi izinhlobo ulwazi

Ulwazi limelela umphumela yenqubo yokufunda, ngoba kokuba isakhiwo ethile nezinyathelo elihlobene ne izigaba ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano zomphakathi. ulwazi okhula kanye yinkimbinkimbi okwandisa practice.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ulwazi lomuntu. Omunye amafomu endala kukhona wenkolo nefilosofi. Umsunguli ezinhle, u-Auguste Comté phakathi nekhulu le-19, ezihlongozwayo umqondo, ibonisa izinhlobo ulwazi. Ngo umqondo wakhe, wacabanga amafomu ezintathu zilandelana esikhundleni komunye nomunye.

Ifomu yokuqala ecabange ulwazi zenkolo. Kusekelwe ukholo yakho namasiko.

Eyesibili ifomu - ulwazi zefilosofi. Kususelwa umuzwa kombhali noma ezinye imiqondo futhi kuyinto ucabangisisa futhi enengqondo ngokwemvelo.

ulwazi lwesayensi - lena ifomu lwesithathu. Ngokusekelwe kokungathembeki amaqiniso ku ngemuva sokuhlolwa ebhekiwe noma ukubheka kwabanye.

Namuhla kusobala ukuthi zonke lezi zinhlobo ulwazi achazwayo parallel, futhi kukhona njengoba nje kukhona in the izitshalo zasendle nezilwane.

Kukhona omunye ngezigaba. Ngokusho nomqondo M. Polanyi (sefilosofi ngesiNgisi), izinhlobo ulwazi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka tintfo letiphatselene nemuntfu. Isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi aphuma yokuthi ulwazi kuyinto kuvisisa asebenzayo zezinto - isenzo kudinga amathuluzi akhethekile art ekhethekile. I "ubuntu", ngokuvumelana Polanyi, ithumba hhayi kuphela ngokoqobo kodwa futhi ungubani isithakazelo yayo cognition. Kulokhu, kukhona iqoqo hhayi kuphela izitatimende, kodwa futhi nakho womuntu. Ngakho, Polanyi ngamnyama lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ulwazi:

1. A ecacile, okushiwo, uboniswe eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma, ukwahlulelwa, imiqondo.
2. Olusobala, ngokuphelele, ukungayeki reflection egcwele yokuphila kwabantu.

ulwazi olusobala owawusekelwe amakhono ngokomzimba, amakhono awusizo, bezibona izikimu. It is hhayi kubonakala ngokuphelele izincwadi, kodwa libangelwa yokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana.

Njengoba Isakhi esiyinhloko jikelele imfundo isakhiwo yolwazi kuwumphumela wokwazi imithetho yemvelo, ukucabanga, umphakathi kanye ngokoqobo. Lo mphumela ibonisa umuzwa womuntu generalized esiye zanqwabelana ngokuhamba umkhuba zomlando nomphakathi.

okuqukethwe Sikhungo kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjalo ulwazi, njenge:

1. Imibandela esemqoka kanye imiqondo eveza ngokoqobo. Ngaphezu ngokoqobo kwansuku, babonisa futhi ulwazi lwesayensi.
2. amaqiniso Daily engokoqobo nesayensi. Zisetshenziswa ku ukuma kanye ubufakazi imibono yabo.
3. imithetho yesayensi Eyisisekelo. ImiBhalo yembula ubudlelwano phakathi izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene futhi izinto.
4. Theory, aqukethe iqoqo ulwazi lwesayensi mayelana ethize uhlelo izinto, izinto, ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo, kanye izindlela ukubikezela futhi uchaze izenzakalo ethile kuncike endaweni.
5. Ukuhlolwa ulwazi. Zibonisa amazinga emicimbini ehlukene ukuphila.
6. Ulwazi izindlela beqhuba imisebenzi yesayensi, izindlela yokwazi, futhi ulwazi umlando ukuthenga.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo abe izici ezihambisana imisebenzi futhi sisebenzise ubuchwepheshe ekufundeni.

Ulwazi kungase futhi kube:

1. Emotional and okunengqondo.
2. Essentsianalisticheskimi (okusekelwe ukusetshenziswa ambalwa ukuhlaziywa amathuluzi) kanye fenomenolisticheskimi (okusekelwe ukusetshenziswa "izinga" umqondo).
3. Theory kanye enokwehla (lokuhlola).
4. Chastnonauchnogo nefilosofi.
5. Humanities nesayensi yemvelo.

Ngokombono Pedagogical nezingokwengqondo umbono, ezithakazelisa kakhulu umehluko phakathi okunengqondo (natural sciences) futhi izinkanuko (zezenhlalakahle) ulwazi.