Svetlana Aleksievich: Biography, empilweni nasemsebenzini. UMklomelo KaNobel Svetlana Aleksievich

Iningi muva nje, Nobel Committee elisobala umklomelo sezincwadi. Lo muzi waba umlobi Prize Svetlana Aleksievich, ogama biography is kancane eyaziwa kubafundi banamuhla.

Asikhulume namuhla ngokuningiliziwe ngokuphila ukuphila yokudala atehlukanisa emkhakheni etemibhalo.

Imininingwane omfushane oluchaza mayelana nokuzalwa nokukhula

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk) ngo-1948. ubaba wakhe Belarusian, nonina - a Ukraine. Impilo ka-umndeni Awube impi yakhe. Umndeni kanye umama nobaba ziye hit kanzima ngesikhathi bevinjezelwe yamazwe Ukraine futhi Belarusian. Ubaba waya ngokusebenzisa impi futhi uphumile kuphela ngemva kokunqoba. Wabe esethuthela nomkakhe nentombazanyana yabo edolobhaneni Belarusian endaweni Gomelevskoy. Uyise nonina babethatha othisha umbhali.

Uboné ngenkatho wakhe esaphila Svetlana Aleksievich, Biography of yakhe isiqinisekiso.

iziqu ngempumelelo esikoleni, Svetlana wangena faculty of journalism ngesikhathi ehlonishwa ngezindinganiso iSoviet, Belarusian State University. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ngiye ngazama eziningi ubuchwepheshe: wamabhuku uthisha, uthisha kanye intatheli. iphephandaba zayo zokuqala aqala ukunyatheliswa "Pripyat iqiniso" futhi 'Beacon ubuKhomanisi.'

iminyaka phakathi

Ngokubhala Svetlana umxhwele lapho esemusha, ke imidwebo tindzaba letimfisha waqala ukusakaza nabezindaba Soviet, kodwa wabe ahlonishwe ukuze wamukelwe Union yase-Soviet Abalobi (lesi sehlakalo senzeka ngo-1983). Kuze kube manje, ubizwa abadali izincwadi Belarusian, lokubonakala esitatimendeni uMklomelo KaNobel, "umbhali Belarusian Svetlana Aleksievich". Biography, ukuphila kwakhe siqu owaqhutshelwa e Belarus, yingakho iqiniso ukwakhiwa okunjalo.

Phakathi neminyaka engu-yokwakha kabusha umbhali bukhicite izincwadi eziningana ukuthi wenza komsindo futhi zibalwa ke yesigaba eyamukelwayo (zalezi zincwadi Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi). Ngo-2000-yalolucwaningo. Aleksievich wathuthela eYurophu, wayehlala futhi esebenza e-France, eJalimane nase-Italy. Okusanda wabuyela Belarus.

Svetlana Aleksievich: uthando ukuphila

Umbuzo we isiphetho umbhali besifazane kwaba njalo abalandeli nesithakazelo yomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa kulo mkhakha kuncane kakhulu.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, Svetlana watshela eziningi ngendlela esiyithandayo izindaba zabesifazane, kodwa zonke izintatheli ngubani yaxoxa naye, isihloko "USvetlana Aleksievich: nokuphila kwangasese" savalwa. Umlobi uye wazinikela izincwadi njengoba ubizo oyinhloko wakho konke ukuphila, kuyo yonke imibuzo, lokho kubonisa ukuthi wesifazane ongashadile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhathi eside, yena wakhuliswa umshana wakhe - indodakazi ekuseni udade oshonile.

Nakuba singeke sikwazi ukuthi umuntu engalali Aleksievich Svetlana. Umndeni wakhe siqukethe izincwadi zakhe, screenplays nemisebenzi lesibonwa.

I ucwaningo lokuqala etemibhalo

Umlobi Svetlana Aleksievich ibinesithakazelo izindikimba polemical emlandweni wezwe lakithi njalo.

incwadi yakhe yokuqala, "Mina ahamba", uzilungiselele ukushicilelwa ngo-1976, kwaba ezinikele ukushabalala kancane kancane emaphandleni aseRussia. Umbhali kufanele uveza ukuthi ufuduko enjalo mass abalimi evela emaphandleni iye cuphuluza neziphathimandla nenqubomgomo yabo engenangqondo futhi ngonya ka collectivization jikelele. Ngokwemvelo, i interview ezinjalo (futhi incwadi ngokwayo yakhiwe kulezi izingxoxo) ayibangelwa injabulo phakathi kwezikhulu ke Soviet, ngakho incwadi ayizange eshicilelwe eSoviet Union.

Eyesibili encwadini umbhali ukhululiwe ukuze umphakathi ngo-1983 futhi yabangela umsindo. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Impi akuyona ubuso sowesifazane." Kuleli phephandaba, umbhali eqoqwe izinkumbulo abesifazane abaningi Soviet owaba nengxenye yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ingxenye izinkumbulo zazihlolwa (kamuva umlobi wazibeka izincwadi post-Soviet). Aleksievich empeleni ziyadalulwa isithombe eladalwa ngaphambi izincwadi zakhe mayelana nempi. Emsebenzini wakhe, abesifazane kungukuthi kutjelwa sezakhiwo futhi ukunqoba, nokwesaba, ukuhlupheka, intsha uyachitheka, mayelana zonya ezenzeka empini.

BekakuZimu umsebenzi polemical "The Last oFakazi: ngencwadi engekho zezingane izindaba short" (1985). Yena yayizimisele izinkumbulo izingane mayelana esabekayo izenzakalo Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi. izindaba izingane Sad watshela abafundi Aleksievich Svetlana, ogama umndeni kwaba ngo umsebenzi phakathi nempi uqobo.

imisebenzi eqaphelekayo umbhali

Baningi umsindo senziwa umsebenzi "Zinc Boys '(1989), elalinikezelwe sehlakalo esibuhlungu ukuze izwe lethu empini Afghan. Lapha Aleksievich ekutshela ngosizi olukhulu omama abalahlekelwa namadodana abo, abaqondi ukuthi kungani wafa izingane zabo.

Incwadi elandelayo - "okungenazinkinga Ukufa" (1993) - wakhuluma umkhuba lokuzibulala sabantu abaye balahlekelwa ukholo izimiso ubudala ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR.

Wabe umsebenzi umbhali, "eChernobyl Womthandazo" (1997), esikhuluma ngokubutha okuyokwenzeka izenzakalo esidabukisayo inhlekelele laziwa kabanzi. Umbhali eqoqwe e wakhe incwadi interview abahlanganyeli usaphila ekucwileni ezikweletini ngemiphumela kule nhlekelele.

Njengoba singabona, e yakhe eside etemibhalo ukuphila kwabaningi izincwadi wadala Svetlana Aleksievich ngalezi zincwadi, ezihlukahlukene ukubuyekezwa. Ezinye abafundi ihlonipha ithalenta umbhali, futhi umuntu uqalekisiwe Aleksievich isola populism kanye journalism zokucabangela.

Uhlobo okwakhe kanye umbhali ngemibono okuqukethwe izincwadi

Umlobi yena ichaza uhlobo nephrozi bakhe njengenhlangano ubuciko-documentary. Lidonsa kokubili letingemaciniso kanye documentary lesibonwa.

Njengoba isihloko izincwadi zakhe ukukhathazeka kwabantu abaningi kangaka, lokusungula yomlobi ingaphansi kokuhlolisisa kusukela baxgeki. Ziyahlukahluka ekuhlolweni kwabo.

Ngakho, ingxenye yesimanje Western izibalo tetemibhalo ukuthi Svetlana Aleksievich, biography kanye lokusungula okuyinto kuxhumene ngqo ne-Soviet Union, njengoba akekho omunye bakhulume iqiniso basho ukuthi yayiyini eSoviet Union ngoba izakhamuzi zawo. It kuvela ukuthi eU.SSR kwaba umbuso yangempela okubi wasindisa abantu bakhe ngenxa ifeze zezombusazwe isipoki. Abantu bakamalalahlengezela niyobhujiswa Gulag, baqhutshwa ekuhlatshweni emasimini neMpi Yezwe II, engashiyi futhi izingane noma abesifazane, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange uhlome izwe empini Afghan, uthi eChernobyl inhlekelele, nokunye.

Okunye baxgeki ngubani iziveze wendabuko "emhlabeni Russian", kunalokho, isihlamba umbhali ukuthi uyakwazi ukubona kuphela izici ezingezinhle ngokoqobo ngempela namaSoviet futhi isiRashiya, indiva ezinhlangothini zalo ezinhle. Laba bagxeki baye bamangalela umbhali e ukukhashelwa langempela le izithakazelo yezwe lenkaba yawo. Bathi Svetlana Aleksievich, biography okuyinto kuhlobene ngokuqondile Belarus, Russia nase-Ukraine, e kukho konke ukuphila kwami akashongo lutho okuhle mayelana ukubaluleka ubunye kula mazwe amathathu. Laba bagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi umbhali obuhlanekezela ngamabomu emisebenzini yakhe amaqiniso angempela, enzele abafundi Western futhi Russian isithombe "Russia okubi futhi esikhohlisayo".

ukubukwa Political omlobi

Isihloko "USvetlana Aleksievich: Biography, ukuphila siqu" uye yabakhanga izintatheli, kodwa iningi isithakazelo sabo angavalelwa ukubukwa zezombusazwe somlobi.

Iqiniso lokuthi Svetlana kuyinto umsekeli esingaguquguquki Westernising ukubukwa, yena ngokuphindaphindiwe ugxeke uhlangothi kwezombusazwe njengoba umongameli Belarus Alexander Lukashenko noMongameli we-Russia uVladimir Putin. Bobabili umbhali usola ukudalwa kombuso ka lesibili ngesandla (umlobi wencwadi zokugcina libizwa - "lesibili ngesandla Isikhathi" (2013)). Aleksievich ukholelwa ukuthi Putin and Lukashenka uyathanda ukuvusa iphrojekthi sethusa futhi antihuman Soviet, kanjalo izinkulumo zakhe ezikhonza umphakathi, umbhali liyakulahla konke abaholi Belarusian futhi Russian zamanje. It lilahla ngokujoyina eCrimea eRussia, le ukuvuselelwa kwamandla waseRussia ezempi, Putin ukholelwa zinecala ngokufa lwabantu Donbass, nokunye. D.

UMklomelo KaNobel: umlando Ukuklonyeliswa

Umlobi abaphakanyiselwe uMklomelo KaNobel kabili: ngo-2013 futhi ngo-2015. Ngo-2013, umklomelo waklonyeliswa komunye umlobi bevela eCanada.

Ngo-2015, iKomiti kaNobel uye wakhetha ukunika le ndondo uSvetlana Aleksievich. Ngokushesha emva isimemezelo lesi sinqumo, abaningi baye baba nentshisekelo kulo muntu njengoba Svetlana Aleksievich. UMklomelo KaNobel, waklonyeliswa wakhe ngesizathu, futhi kuyathakazelisa nakakhulu.

Lokhu mklomelo Adalberto isikhathi eside awuzange unikelwa abalobi okhuluma isiRashiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi emzabalazweni zezombusazwe phakathi eRussia kanye West: nomlando wayo umklomelo unikelwa, njengoba umthetho, labo ayengaboni ngaso linye okucacile kwemibono neziphathimandla of Soviet Russia (isibonelo, u-Alexander uSolzhenitsyn, uBoris Pasternak, Ivan Bunin).

Ekuhlaziyeni umbhali kaNobel inkulumo

Ngu isiko, uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa izincwadi kwenza inkulumo yokubonga lapho yena ufingqa lokusungula yakhe eyingqayizivele.

Wenza nokukhulunywa futhi Svetlana Aleksievich. UMklomelo KaNobel Emkhakheni Wezincwadi kunikezwa kanye ekuphileni, ngakho umbhali uye wadala omunye imibhalo yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke.

Isihloko inkulumo Aleksievich baba umfanekiso "indoda elibomvu", okusho umuntu yokucabanga yamaSoviet, okuyinto namanje uhlala izingqondo zabantu-Russian futhi ebangela ukuba enze izinqumo ezithile. Lo muntu Aleksievich alahlwe umkhiqizo kwenkathi wobushiqela.

abantu Russian umbhali ubiza "izinceku Utopia", ucabanga ukuthi banalo 'ngendlela ekhethekile Russian "ingokomoya ekhethekile sihluke ingokomoya amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Insindiso wezwe lakithi umlobi ubona nokunqatshelwa ebugqileni angunaphakade abantu oluvelele Russian amagugu sempucuko eNtshonalanga.