Iplanethi engase ibe sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso

iplanethi Isimo esifanele efana Earth - kuhle kakhulu? Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi labo yonke akuyona into engavamile. Cishe emhlabeni noyedwa kwabahlanu kwamanye ilanga-like izinkanyezi, ngokukhethekile, waphawula ne "Kepler" (NASA) satellite yezinkanyezi, waphawula endaweni abahlala - lo kufanele indawo cosmic, iplanethi okuyinto ezimweni ezithile ungahunyushwa ngokuthi sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso. Amazinga phezu kunomthelela khona amanzi esigabeni ketshezi (ngamanye amazwi, akusho ubilise, futhi engafulatheli ku ice).

Phakathi shining izinkanyezi placers

Ezungeze iplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila, mhlawumbe yiziphazamiso ezihehayo kakhulu. Star, ukuze thina "cishe ifinyeleleke" (ngemuva Alpha Centauri) itholakala at ibanga iminyaka ukukhanya 12 ukusuka eMhlabeni. It likhanyisa exoplanet Tau Ceti. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa: 1 unyaka ukukhanya - 12 izinyanga ikhalenda Earth. Ngokuya ibanga - 9,46 kuya ezigidini amakhilomitha. Ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso jikelele - into ekhethekile.

Ukuze Earthlings kuyinto ibanga kumnandi. Bona Kusafanele mathupha ukuhlangabezana namanxusa "ekudeni". Nakuba izidalwa ezingabantu babebheka izinkanyezi Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka ilandelana. Futhi cishe wacabanga: "Usekhona yini phakathi lokhu placers akhazimulayo indawo efana ezweni lami?"

Ngo-1995, ngokokuqala ngqa bethole iplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila. Iningi labantu abafunda kwegama lakhe akulona neze ajwayelekile: PSR B1257 + 12 B, inkanyezi Gamma Cephei. Ngemva kokutholakala engavamile Uhla lwamanani phathelana agcwaliswa ngokushesha. Ngaphambili, ethungatha amaplanethi, izazi wagcizelela Isivinini osabalalayo (projection we velocity lale nkanyezi emgqeni obonayo).

ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu

Kamuva, ngosizo kumadivayisi, ezifana isibonakude, "Kepler", kwi-cwaningo yokwahlukahluka ukukhaya amaplanethi azungeza e izinkanyezi zawo ( "zokuthutha umphakathi"). kokuma okuphindaphindayo babe abacwaningi eqiniseka: lena ngempela ezintweni zasemkhathini, kodwa izindawo hhayi omkhulu futhi kubanda amnyama.

amaplanethi okusha efanelekayo ukuphila, waqala ukukuthola ukuthi osomkhathi wasebenzisa izibalo ukuhlaziywa indlela. Ingabe ukusebenza izindodla idatha. Engqungqutheleni at NASA wathi ngosizo satellite "Kepler" wathola amakhulu lezinto engase sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso. Futhi lokhu akuyona umkhawulo!

Zama ukuthola ukuthi abacwaningi yesimanje wathola exoplanets ukuphila, noma they yodwa ngokwengxenye ukuhlangabezana ezinye criteria habitability. Sidinga ukuhlolwa sina. Yenza kube lula: amabanga zinkulu futhi zingaphezu amakhono yesayensi yanamuhla nobuchwepheshe.

Akukho ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi

Ngokuba ngumuphi kubantu efuna iplanethi ofanele ngokuphila? Ngenxa yelukuluku? Cha Isimo sezulu ku esiyingqayizivele yethu, egcwele yokuphila, ukushintsha ibhola. Isintu siye abahlushwa ukushisa, amakhaza, izikhukhula, uthuli iziphepho. Konke lokhu kungase kuphele kabi. Ukulethemba kwethu phezu ingxenye livability kuyinto Umhlaba esisodwa kuphela injabulo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kukhona okukukhathazayo.

Bezombangazwe, bezomnotho, abantu, izizathu yesayensi kusenze zinhlobo begazi, unesithakazelo kakhulu habitability, namaplanethi amaningi. amaplanethi okusha efanelekayo bokuphila kuyosisiza siqonde isimo izimo sezulu eMhlabeni, ukucacisa amathuba zokuziphilisa izimo zezulu esizayo. Ukunquma ukuthi yini okumele uyenze ukuze ayeke Ukuwohloka izimo zezulu, ukuthola isizathu kwencika umuntu onamandla kangaka ku-carbon.

Ngakho, amaplanethi sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso uyonikeza abantu ithuba ukuthola wezindlu imithombo yamandla, ukumisa sezulu zilulaza ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo yemali nenduduzo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzodinga yesikhulumi entsha hardware izokwenza sikwazi ukuya uzothatha uhambo olude kangako.

Venus ukushisa

Abantu abaningi bafuna ukubikezela ukuthi imizwa yabo embozwe uma behlangana nezidalwa ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, uma befika namaplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila. Ngenxa yoko baphambi benesithakazelo endaweni sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi "Zlatovlaska"), lapho nendikimba ethile esemkhathini a ngokulinganisela isilinganiso izinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuvumela amanzi ukuba phakathi igesi kanye nesimo okuqinile (kungaleyo ndlela kuphela "ukupheka ukuphila iphalishi").

A iplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila, ososayensi ufuna isikhathi eside baphikelele. Yebo, isintu uthemba ukuthola ezisemkhathini ketshezi izinqolobane, ukuzisebenzisa ngezinhloso esisebenzayo. Nokho, H ₂ O - cishe inkomba oyinhloko ukuphila ngabafokazi imithala ezahlukene futhi indawo yonke. Ngesikhathi ngihlala khona kunzima okungalé koMhlaba.

Ikhona nemizimba yasezulwini, lapho kushisa njengoba esihogweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, bakhiqiza ezinye izimali e-hydrogen ne-oksijini. I-oksijini ihlanganisa ne-carbon ukwakha carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen ke nje seqa emkhathini. Lokhu yilokho okwenzeka Venus.

Umbuso Snow Queen

Kukhona amaplanethi lapho cishe uhlezi Snow Queen. Kuhlala emanzini abandayo kukhona ezinamasondo ebanzi. Ngaphansi isembozo iqhwa Sihlala amachibi ajulile ngamanzi uketshezi, kodwa namanje indawo ungahlalwa muntu. Le ndlela siyenzeka AmaKhosi abandayo Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.

ukuthi ukufakwa kwabo iplanethi kuvunyelwe efanelekayo ukuphila komuntu? Cha, endaweni lapha sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso ku nesilinganiso anolaka: Indawo lapho kwakuthiwa kungaba "zingena wave". Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke ixazululwe ephendula ezothando elula ibanga inkanyezi "numerator" futhi ikhishwe ubuningi bamandla "ku zifana." Lokubaluleke kakhulu kuba khona umoya wale planethi.

Eqinisweni, i-Venus ne-Mars "baphile" e siqu esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga. Kodwa obukhulu umoya Venusian ayegcwele isikhutha, okubangela ucosha amandla amaningi avela elangeni futhi ukhiqiza i enqabayo umphumela esikhipha esithandweni enamandla okubhubhisa konke ukuphila. A Mars?

rink Mars

Ngokungafani uphawu esishisayo uthando, kuphawu abangophakimpi esiphendukezelwe ngobudoda umkhathi mancane kakhulu, awusebenzi ukubamba ukushisa, ngakho - a "Bun" frighteningly abandayo. Kungakhathaliseki umoya bahlukene eMhlabeni (plus khona ezintabeni amaminerali) - bona kungaba imihlaba, kufanelekile ukuthuthukiswa futhi kulondolozwe ukuphila.

Uma antipodes "wabe ngobuningi" Kungenzeka nokunciphisa yokushisa Ncibilikisa ice ... Futhi ngabe ngiba neminyaka engu-iplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila. Nokho lokhu kungaphandle kwesiko fantazii.Rassuzhdaya kuphela mayelana nokwenzeka khona nezinye imihlaba i-Milky Way, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi yobukhona babo habitable zone akaguquki kunjalo, uma ukuma kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo izikhathi eziphindwe amaplanethi yilezi okungekuhle.

Bonke lizungeza izinkanyezi, ezibizwa ngokuthi "dwarfs abomvu". Ngisho noma sicabange ukuthi izindikimba zasezulwini Site ukuphila komuntu, hhayi idolo kakhulu Bachitha izinsuku zabo sizungezwe indawo ngemibala wezimpi ezalandela. Kodwa into eyinhloko: i dwarfs abasha bamatasa kakhulu. Bona kwenzeke omkhulu ama-solar kanye coronal mass ejection.

Lilliputians asebenzayo

Lo mphumela nakanjani yingozi izimpilo zabo bonke amaplanethi, uvele aseduze, noma uma zikhona, namanzi. I kazibuthe ka "Ukufutheka amalanga" anamandla kakhulu kangangokuba bayakwazi uzochoboza yonke "omakhelwane". Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa izigidi eziyikhulu yomsebenzi omkhulu, dwarfs obomvu sizakhele, bese welulela nophethiloli zosizo yakhe hydrogen cishe izigidigidi zeminyaka.

Uma ukuphila izothatha kusaqalwa yentuthuko, ke kuyodingeka wonke amathuba ukuze eside ukhona eduze ezolile phansi "Lilliputians". Futhi iplanethi entsha efanelekayo ukuphila komuntu (isithombe ngezansi) uzobe gracing Vselennuyu.Takim, zifuna ababezoba ikhaya elisha phakathi kwezinkanyezi, noma ukuphila endaweni yonke, siyaqonda ukuthi habitable zone - kuphela umhlahlandlela anolaka.

Field Ukusabalala mkhathi, "Kepler" - 150,000 izinkanyezi. Iningi labo lalilisha esikhanya kakhulu ukuwabuka. Kodwa isisebenzi California Technical Institute Petigura nozakwabo bakwazi ukuhlola izinkanyezi 42.000 "obugcwele" futhi waphetha ngokuthi: e inani ukhetho phezu habitability planethi kungenziwa akhanyiswe 603.

Funa futhi uthole

amaplanethi Isimo esifanele babe namasayizi ahlukahlukeneko. Ten of them are endaweni engaba kuze kufinyelele kunangendlela Umhlaba izikhathi ezimbili. Ukufanisa engaba oyifunayo, abacwaningi wasebenzisa Keck isibonakude, setha eHawaii. izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi enziwa, owethulwa izichibiyelo zokulungisa.

Ekugcineni kwathi angu-22 ka-ilanga-like izinkanyezi zinethonya iziphuphutheki kwamaplanethi, kepha efaniswe usayizi Zomhlaba, zingabantu engase efanelekayo ukuphila. Nazi ezinye exoplanets.

Ngishilo ekuqaleni China E Tau wathola ngo-2012. Akhiwe umlaza Cetus. Kuthathwa ikhandidethi ezingaqinisekisiwe ngoba bavimba isikhala izinto. Inkathi uguquko iplanethi ezungeza inkanyezi (inkathi sidereal) 168 izinsuku Earth. I-orbit iseduze nezindawo okuhlalwa kuzo. Amazinga ebusweni okuyisilinganiso sabangu-70 degrees Celsius (Earth - 15).

Lokhu "ezokwengamela lomsebenzi", etholakala at ibanga iminyaka ukukhanya 473 eMhlabeni futhi okuthiwa Kepler 438b e umlaza Lyra. Libhekisela inkanyezi Kepler 438, okuyinto 4, abadala kunelanga iminyaka 4 billion. yemifino engakhanyi elibomvu likhanya bhá futhi, ngakho yibhekisise isimo akulula.

Gliese nezinye

Iplanethi efanelekayo ukuphila kuhlanganisa ezingaqinisekisiwe "Mma" Gliese 667S E. It ujikeleza inkanyezi umlaza ka Scorpio - kuyinto uhlelo obomvu ezimbili yemifino orange. Ubudala "inkampani ngokwethembeka" - kusuka ziyahlukahluka kusuka eminyakeni 2 kuya ku-10 bhiliyoni. Sekuyiminyaka 22 ukukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Unyaka - izinsuku 62 (izinsuku ezingu-Earth).

Kepler186f "enquma ellipses" eduze obomvu yemifino inkanyezi umlaza Cygnus, lapho 561 ngonyaka ukukhanya. inkanyezi yakhe akukhona ukuthi enkulu futhi hot njengoba ilanga. Unyaka - 131 izinsuku Earth.

Kapteyn e "ukuphotha" inkanyezi umlaza Pictor. Kuyinto kunenani Sun - mass izikhathi 0,28 engaba - 0,29. Yemifino iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 8 ngaphambi kokuba 13 light-years. Kapteyn - exoplanet unproven, usuku ihlala 48 izinsuku Earth. Ububanzi akuyona esiphethweni, izikhathi eziyisihlanu ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho Earth.

Silindele imihlaba ezikude kungabonakali!

Wolf 1061S libhekisela inkanyiso ka umlaza Ophiuchus. It uzungeza synchronously ngenkanyezi yayo. Ngakho-ke, uhlangothi njalo ashisayo, omunye abandayo. Phambi kwakhe, 14 light-years. Mhlawumbe kungenxa iplanethi enamadwala. Amazinga kwamanzi efanelekayo ukuba khona namanzi. Amandla adonsela phansi (gravity) phezu Earth licishe laphindeka kabili.

Lokhu akulona lonke uhlu puzzle ethembisa! Ngakho "! Nathi endaweni yonke eziningi, futhi thina uwumnikazi wenkampani" Yilokho nje ukufakazela kunzima, kodwa zibazi - nakakhulu. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi iplanethi efanelekayo ukuze abantu baphile, kukhona!