"Witted Cijela-" - umkhumbi we Black Sea Fleet

I-Russian imikhumbi eminingi, kodwa wonke umuntu eduze izinhliziyo zabantu. Ngenxa yokuthi iqembu kukhona amadoda, bazalwane, madodana, nabazukulu. Okugada imikhumbi futhi babheke phambili kokubuyela. Bona zazitholakala izilwandle nasolwandle, hamba nge ohambweni zokubonisana, zezenhlalakahle nakwezempi kwamanye amazwe, kuhileleke izivivinyo. Eziningi zalezi zenzakalo zihlanganiswe nabezindaba nezincwadi zifundwa izimbobo zemindeni lempi. Omunye lezi "zinkanyezi" we media "isibhaliso" - umkhumbi we Black Sea Fleet.

History of the isakhiwo

umsebenzi Operational-Tactical ukuklama isitsha yatholakala futhi evunywe uMphathi Navy has 14 ngoMashi ngonyaka 1956. Kamuva, lo msebenzi waba inombolo 61. Mhlawumbe ngoba lakhiwa ngesikhathi ngisemsebenzini yaqanjwa 61 Communards e Nikolayev. Ukudalwa nokuvunywa iphrojekthi nazo zonke izinqumo design kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Ukwakhiwa kwakuqala ngo-1966. Umkhumbi Project 61 "isibhaliso" wayezelwe ukuvikela emikhunjini yabo kusukela izindiza isitha nezikhali ezicitshwayo, kanye ukuzivikela anti-ngwenya. Kitted leli izikhali zonke ezidingekayo futhi radar ukufaka.

Ukwakhiwa umkhumbi laqedwa ngo-1967, ngemva konyaka ke ngahlola futhi wenza Izinhlu Navy Soviet, futhi mhlaka-21 Okthoba, "isibhaliso" - anti-ngwenya mkhumbi omkhulu Project 61 - kwahlanganiswa Black Sea Fleet futhi waqala inkonzo yakhe.

iphrojekthi 61

Institutions ehilelekile sketching kanye nokwakha umkhumbi, ucabangela ezihlukahlukene izixazululo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwahlongozwa eziyisikhombisa ongakhetha ukuthunyelwa izikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhali ibekwe iphethini komugqa evumela ukusetshenziswa zonke izibhamu anti-aircraft ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Kuyinto elula kakhulu mass umoya kuhlasela. missile Antisubmarine lisusiwe kusuka izinhlamvu, kodwa supply anda yezikhali ezicitshwayo ukuba 24. Ngezinye amandla wokuqala isitshalo kubhayela futhi ophephela kuthathwe, kodwa sivumele umsebenzi ohlongozwayo cabanga ukukhetha ukufakwa igesi ophephela, esehlisa displacement we umkhumbi. Ukuthuthukiswa ngowokuqala emhlabeni wesikebhe kangaka nge gas ophephela amandla plant, esetshenziselwa kuwo wonke izindlela navigation.

Uma emazweni amaningi ukuthuthukisa imikhumbi ezikhethekile noma usebenzise SAM Air Force ubuchwepheshe, iSoviet Union wanquma ubukeza anti-aircraft missile iziqhumane ahamba emoyeni ukuzivikela. Ngesisekelo phansi uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela sidalwe isiqalisi esisha "Wave" ne izimo yohlelo eguquliwe ezinkulu tekuphatfwa kwemanti, isitoreji, ukudiliva nokuthulula ukulayisha.

"Isibhaliso" - umkhumbi uhlukile izinqumo design futhi isikhala-nokuhlelwa. Ukuze kuzuzwe esungulwe ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kwadingeka ngishintshe sikebhe omkhumbi, nakuba ekuqaleni ezithathwe amaphrojekthi uhlobo 50, 56 no-57 bis. Indawo isikhala zokuhlala kanye nehhovisi senziwa ejwayelekile ngaphandle bokuthunyelwe umyalo, izakhiwo ze-isitshalo amandla, izikhulu apholile, imihubhe idina ikamelo, imithetho kwezimpi zanamuhla kufuna ekhethekile. Lezi izinguquko ezenziwe ngokuhambisana ilungiselelo Ukuvikelwa nezikhali anti-enuzi. Cabins noveranda benziwa avaliwe, kungekho ukukhanya yemvelo, iqembu angangena iyiphi egumbini elingaphansi emkhunjini, ngaphandle kokushiya emphemeni. Umkhuzi amaphuzu akhe ukubuka kwamanzi, komhlaba futhi emoyeni imvelo bese uphatha zonke izinhlelo esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi.

ukucula frigate

"Witted Cijela-" - emkhunjini, okuyinto wethiwa "I-frigate Ukucula." Akenzi ukucula, lingasebenzi zothando, kodwa igesi abaphehla ugesi umsindo omnandi kakhulu. Futhi lapho bahlangana khona umkhumbi echwebeni mpahla noma ungezwa izingcingo zabo zichichima. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lo mphumela wayezelwe Abaklami kusengaphambili, kuyoba isikhathi. Manje, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi, ekhohliwe zonke, uquketheni lowo umkhumbi, kuyothiwa ukhunjulwa ngokuthi "I-frigate Ukucula"

sesimanje

It maduze kwamashumi amahlanu, njengoba "isibhaliso" athwala inkonzo yakhe. izikhali Ukushintsha ayesetshenziswa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinto ezintsha. Amasu kufanele zibuyekezwe ukuze luhlala ngempumelelo. Ngo 1990-1995, i-sesimanje umkhumbi iklanywe 01090. At sea umkhumbi wasungula NAC eziyinkimbinkimbi OLS 300 enothi ngesimo intambo imitha-300 emkhunjini, okuyinto ucosha umzila we ngwenya isitha. Futhi, esikhundleni basesiqiwini ababili RBU-1000 8 efakwe anti-umkhumbi micibisholo "Uranium". Kufakiwe izitshalo ezintsha ukuphazamiseka, radar izinhlelo nokulawula RCC. Manje lokhu akuyona anti esikhulu, futhi onogada umkhumbi Black Sea Fleet "isibhaliso", okungase iqhaza wonke amasevisi lokulwa.

Umlando eyandulela

Kuke kwenzeke uzibuze ukuthi kungani imikhumbi amagama anjalo? Kungenzeka ukuthi emthonjeni wokuqala ayisekho ukuze uthole khona, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungathola umlando okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, "isibhaliso" - umkhumbi, elakhiwa ngo-1967? Ngakho, kodwa hhayi ngempela. Iqiniso lokuthi "isibhaliso" eyayihilelekile neMpi Yezwe II. Kuphela bekungelona enkulu umkhumbi anti-ngwenya futhi waba umbhubhisi. Waba khona impi nge Finland, futhi 1941 elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe best in the Navy.

Nge amanzi njalo olwenziwa bombardment izikhundla German e-Estonia, lilungisiwe eLeningrad futhi babuyela eTallinn. Lapho senza intuthuko e Kronstadt "isibhaliso" - ngumbhubhisi kuphela, olondolozela ngokugcwele ukulwa amakhono. Yena wahileleka ngokuqondile ekumeleleni Leningrad kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-October 1941. Wasebenzisa isibhamu sakhe njengoba wezikhali ukuze zibelesela izikhundla isitha futhi bahlanganyela imisebenzi phezu kwamanzi.

Ukusebenza lokugcina umchithi "isibhaliso"

Yaqala eyohlinzwa ukuze kuphunywe ikampu kusukela base wamabutho asolwandle of Hanko. Kudingeke ukuba senze intuthuko kusukela Kronstadt ukuba isikhathi ibhomu. Nomchithi "isibhaliso" nge "ezinzima", minesweepers ezine, abazingeli abane futhi torpedo izikebhe kwaba Breakout iqembu lesibili. Esingaqinile safinyelela Hanko.

Phakathi ukuhlala ngumbhubhisi waba ngaphansi umlilo wezikhali, futhi ezilimele isibhamu ngemuva. Novemba 4 umkhumbi, ukuthatha abantu 560, ezabeka ngayo phansi kolunye uhlangothi. Isimo sezulu saba sibi kakhulu, futhi sidlule the egqitshwe amabhomu kwakunzima. I umkhumbi umsila leqembu, eduze ebusuku yamila okwami kuqala. Nomchithi wahlala untanta, kodwa walahlekelwa isivinini. Ngemva ukulungiswa emfushane, waqhubeka ukuhambisa, futhi yasha ngumuntu okwami yesibili, liqhuma nezinhlamvu. Bow emkhunjini agqashule, yena yacwila ngemva kwemizuzu engu nanhlanu induna. Nomchithi wasala engasenabo egijima nokuphathwa zaqala ukucwila. Le mayini lwesithathu wadabula esikebheni. Efika izikebhe sokutakula izikebhe ezinezinjini zika ehlenga abantu amathathu namashumi amahlanu.

Lesi sigameko nge amatilosi Turkish

Izindaba mayelana ukushayisana ka-Turkish futhi Russian abadobi amatilosi Januwari 13, 2015 uye zafinyelela zonke abezindaba. Kwakuthinta basonta ngezindlela ezahlukene. I-Turks baphikisa ngokuthi akukho umkhumbi awukwazanga ukubona busebenze, akukho amasignali futhi isibhamu uyazizwa yini, wonke kwimodi ejwayelekile. Nakuba indlela awukwazi ukubona "isibhaliso" - umkhumbi kabani isithombe ozibona ngezansi? Njengoba ophasiswe umkhumbi patrol e Aegean Sea Turkish seiner wabonakala uhlangothi lomkhumbi lwesandla sokudla futhi rammed. "Isibhaliso" waba usufikile futhi banikeza amasignali kanye ithintane ngomsakazo, kodwa akuphendulanga muntu. Lapho ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke ingozi kwaba amamitha 600, ke yadalwa buqamama isibhamu aphephe nezibhamu. Ngemva kwalokho, le seiner Turkish washintsha inkambo wahambisana ohlangothini at ibanga 540 amamitha.

Umhlangano ngaphandle komkhumbi. Sevastopol

Lo mkhumbi "isibhaliso 'ubuyela port lo muzi ziyaphawuleka, futhi nakhu njalo esilinde. On the yasebhange nje kokuba umhlangano uqale ukulungiselela amahora ambalwa. Abantu ahlangane namanye amafulegi of Russian Navy, amakhamera ngisho ibhola abalandeli dudelkami. Zezihambeli ziyafika ngokukhethekile ukubona lesi sehlakalo. Lapho umkhumbi ingena echwebeni, emigqeni wethimba eceleni zokugqoka iyunifomu yemukela edolobheni langakini imisindo ingoma "Sevastopol Legendary".

ihhovisi

Lo mkhumbi iqhaza ezenzweni eziningi Russian nasemazweni angaphandle, ithwala kulandelana futhi ngigade. It has a nice umlando negama elihle. Ngoba lapho amandla ngeke siyinqobe, kumelwe uwine acumen njengoba endulo ayelapho amasosha Russian. WayeyiZwi umkhumbi omkhulu, futhi manje-ke kuyinto umkhumbi unogada kakhulu "isibhaliso." Ama ifotho, nakuba kuphela umfanekiso flat, idlulisela ingxenye amandla ayo futhi ingcindezi. Omunye ukubonakala kwakhe nokuphakama firepower ukukhulisa isimo salo kokubili ezempi phakathi kwabantu.

Othile aluthole nokushisekela izwe elingenalutho, kodwa ngaphandle komoya wokushisekela izwe muntu ngeke nsuku zonke ukuze enze umsebenzi wawo, ukuvikela imingcele ezweni, ukuba sethembeke isifungo nokuziphatha.