Dimethyl ether - fuel owayephila for diesel

Esters ka - amagama ahlobene of alcohols, amangqamuzana zazo a athomu ye-hydrogen weqembu OH singena esikhundleni kwi-carbon olukhulu. Ukuze ejwayelekile ester metamerism futhi isomerism hydrocarbon chain.

hydrocarbon uchungechunge isomerism kungenxa amagatsha alo.

Metamerism - uhlobo isomerism lapho esters ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ube ifomula efanayo yamangqamuzana kodwa ezahlukene ukwakheka kwama-molecule ngenxa ezizivelelayo ezahlukene nhlangothi zombili oxygen "ibhuloho '. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomula yamangqamuzana oluhambisana ezintathu S4N10O ester:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

Lezi izinto uzilungiselele synthetically, kuhlanganise dimethyl-ether. Ifomula lokhu kwakwakhe imelelwa ezizivelelayo ezimbili methyl, okuyinto kuhlobene-mpilo "ibhuloho '.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubunjalo esters esimweni khulula ayenzeki. Dimethyl futhi methyl ETHYL esters, - amagesi. Ngakusasa ambalwa abameleli - ketshezi, kuyilapho esters ephakeme - ukudla okuqinile. Ziyakwazi kakhulu kabi encibilikayo emanzini, kahle kakhulu ezihogelwayo. abameleli esijwayelekile (dipropyl, diethyl propiletilovy) - lo kumakhemikhali awuketshezi kubalulekile organic. Izakhiwo yalezi organic compounds iyashiyana ngesikhathi isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Dimethyl Ukulungiselela ether ka

Uchaza into okubonakala kalula oncibilikayo emanzini, ethanol, diethyl futhi dipropyl ether. Lokhu ester etholwe ngenxa amanzi emzimbeni futhi methanol njengoba ovela eceleni ukwenziwa methanol kusukela CO futhi H2. Asetshenziswa ifriji izinhlelo njengendlela refrigerant.

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, diesel kuzodluliselwa hhayi le gesi, futhi dimethyl-ether. ukwakhiwa kabusha okunjalo yezindleko yabo ushibhile kuqhathaniswa kwathatha igesi yemvelo. Lamazwe ahamba phambili ekukhiqizeni lezi izinjini kukhona US, Russia nase-Japan.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, uhulumeni waseRussia lunqunywe ukusetshenziswa zokubasa kwenye indawo ngemgwaco. Dimethyl ether isetshenziswa amaloli. isinqumo olukhulu esinjalo esasenziwe ngenxa yokuthi kwekhabhoni-nitrogen kulesi diesel ukufakwa amaloli, ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo izikhathi eziningana. Dimethyl ether ilungele lolu hlobo injini, they cishe akudingeki kabusha. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa entsha ehlukile fuel entsha injini ethuthukisiwe ifinyelele ezingeni Euro-3 semvelo.

Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bayaqiniseka ukuthi uphethiloli esizayo diesel izinjini kuyinto dimethyl-ether. Namuhla-ke kuyinto into ekhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ukucwebisa igesi yemvelo. Ezigabeni sokuqala sohlelo ikufanele ukuguqula igesi yemvelo, kanjalo ekukhiqizeni igesi zamagama. Ngemva kwalokho, it is iguqulwe ibe methyl utshwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho amenable methanol amanzi emzimbeni, kanjalo ukuthola dimethyl-ether. Kunenye indlela synthesis wathi ester - ukuguqulwa ngqo ka zamagama gas methanol.

Esters kuqhathaniswa diesel kunezinzuzo zako kanye, yebo, nobubi obuthile. Ngo ukwakheka ester molecule ulahlekile "carbon-carbon" isibopho. Ngenxa oxygen okuqukethwe eside ihlinzeka atomization okuhle ngokujova emoyeni endaweni nge lokushisa t ephakeme ukubila imfuyo uqobo. Lezi zimo zokuma ngcono amandla omlilo. Ngokusetshenziswa le uphethiloli okunye incipha umsindo injini, it kwandisa linokwethenjelwa.

I yokuntula main yaleli ester zihlanganisa aphansi calorific ukubaluleka kanye kwabantu aphansi. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwandeni e petrol. Akusekude kuqedwe ngaleli cala abampofu kakhulu indawo yezihlanganisi izakhiwo.