Amandla: Yini kukalwa isetshenziswa, ifomula kuhlaziywa

Kuyini amandla? Yini thina ukukala, usebenzisa yimaphi amadivayisi nokuthi ukusho amanani ngokomzimba zifakwa umkhuba, sizobheka kamuva kulesi sihloko.

amandla

Umhlaba uhlobo ngokomzimba yomzimba eqala ukuhamba ngamandla. Lapho nomphumela walo, ne umzimba umataniswe noma kolunye uhlangothi ukunyakaza, umsebenzi wenziwa. Ngakho, emzimbeni ithinta yimaphi amandla.

Ngakho, libhayisikili iqala ezihambayo ngokusebenzisa umlenze kwamandla omuntu nokuqeqesha ibutho kagesi esitimela traction. umphumela Okufanayo kwenzeka nanoma yimuphi ukunyakaza. Umsebenzi amandla - liyinani okuyinto iphindwe module amandla module ukuhambisa waso isicelo futhi cosine ye-engeli phakathi zithwala lezi izinkomba. Ifomula Kulokhu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

A = F · s · cos (F, s)

Uma engela phakathi kwalezi zithwala akuyona zero, ukusebenza njalo kwenziwa. Kulokhu-ke ungaba kokubili emihle nemibi. On umzimba ngeke Force wenza i-engela 90 °.

Cabangela isibonelo inqola edonswa amandla zehhashi kwemisipha. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi kwenza saliphosa ohlangothini ukunyakaza inqola. Kodwa amandla adonsela phansi, phansi noma perpendicular, umsebenzi akusho (endleleni, amahhashi - kukalwa yilokho amandla injini).

Izisebenzi kuyinto ubuningi scalar futhi ulinganiswa Joules. Kungaba:

• nomphumela (lapho zihlatshwa amabutho amaningi);
• engazinzile (ke ukubala senziwa nge ebalulekile).

amandla

Ngayiphi ukukala lesi silinganiso? Ukuqala ukuqaqa, limelela. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukunyakaza komzimba iqala ngenxa nangamandla, wayesenza umsebenzi lokukhanda. Nokho, umkhuba, ngaphezu kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani.

Umsebenzi kungaqedwa ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela ofanayo ungenza motor ncane motor kagesi. Umbuto ukutsi, ke uzobe kukhiqizwa esingakanani. Inani ukuthi unesibopho lo msebenzi - amandla ke sika. Yini-ke kukalwa, kuyacaca kusukela definition - iyona ratio umsebenzi isikhathi othize enanini layo:

N = A / Δt.

Ngu imisebenzi okunengqondo sifika kwesibalo elandelayo:

N = F · v,

kuba umkhiqizo amandla zithwala ngesivinini - futhi inamandla. Yini-ke kulinganiswa? Ngokusho kohlelo SI, lesi silinganiso kuyinto yokukala 1 Watt.

Watt nezinye amandla amayunithi

Watt lingamandla, okuyinto ikhiqizwa umsebenzi wesibili joule. Lowo sokugcina ogama lakhe behlonipha eyiNgisi Dzh.Uatta owasungula futhi lakha umusi injini kuqala. Kodwa ngokwenza kanjalo wasebenzisa i-value ehlukile - amahhashi, yini isetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Omunye amahhashi cishe elilingana 735,5 Watts.

Ngakho, ngaphezu Watt, amandla ulinganiswa amahhashi imethrikhi. Khonokho lwenani elincane isetshenziswa njengoba Erg, ilingana Umbuso wesikhombisa Watt eziyishumi lokususa. Okungenzeka kanye nesilinganiso esisodwa iyunithi mass / amandla / amamitha ngomzuzwana, okuyinto ilingana 9,81 Watts.

amandla Engine

Inani aqanjwe ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi imoto okungukuthi umthamo ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-wethuka woma kagesi has a ambalwa kilowatt, futhi rocket mkhathi ezigidini.

Ukuze umthwalo obuhlukahlukene zidinga amandla ezahlukene ukuze ulondoloze isivinini ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, imoto ngeke ibe nzima noma kwakubeka wezimpahla ngaphezulu. Khona-ke ibutho friction endleleni kuyokhula. Ngakho-ke, ukuze silondoloze ijubane kuyafana isimo esingalayishwanga, kudinga amandla amaningi. Ngakho, motor Uzodla ngophethiloli. Leli qiniso kubo bonke abashayeli ezaziwayo.

Kodwa ngesivinini kubalulekile, futhi inertia umshini, okuyinto ngqo wakhona isisindo salo. Abashayeli abanolwazi bayazi lokhu okwatholakala Eqinisweni ngenkathi ushayela inhlanganisela umhlabeleli uphethiloli nesivinini ukunakekelwa uphethiloli kancane.

amandla zamanje

Uyini amandla elinganisiwe zamanje? Ngo iyunithi efanayo uhlelo SI. Singasho kukalwa indlela eqondile noma engaqondile.

Indlela yokuqala luyasetshenziswa usebenzisa imitha amandla, usithathela amandla eningi futhi ingumthombo esindayo kakhulu zamanje. Ngalo, kukalwa kusukela Watts eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu. Indlela engesobala isetshenziselwa ukukala amagugu encane uma kunesidingo. Amadivayisi salokhu kukhona ammeter futhi voltmeter exhunywe kwi umthengi. Ifomula Kulokhu kuyoba yefomu:

P = u I.

Nge umthwalo ukumelana eyaziwa, ukulinganisa wamanje egeleza okungaphandle kungene ngalesi siyingi uthole inani amandla ngendlela elandelayo:

P = I ² ∙ R _n.

Ngokwe-P ifomula = mina ² / R _N ingaphinda vycheslit umthamo wamanje.

Yini-ke kulinganiswa endaweni ezintathu okhombisa ugesi, futhi, akuyona imfihlo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa idivaysi ajwayelekile - imitha amandla. Futhi ukuxazulula inkinga ngaphandle kulinganiswa Amandla kagesi, ungasebenzisa eyodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu amadivaysi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-amane ufake edingekayo amadivayisi ezintathu. Ukuze uthole ezintathu-wire ngesikhathi ukulayisha azilingani - amabili.