Histidine: ifomula, ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganise

Ngamunye wethu okungenani kanye empilweni wacabanga yini ekudleni kwakhe. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi kuyinsakavukela yansuku zonke izinto ezihlukahlukene ezidingwa umzimba uza kithi ngesisindo ukudla? Yiziphi amino acid sidingani futhi lokho? Namuhla, thina, yebo, ake nezinsuku lapho singeke sikhulume umsoco ofanele sisonke, njengoba lena kancane ngisho nedlanzana izihloko. Sitshele wesimo esisodwa kuphela, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Lokhu amino histidine acid. Igama layo chemical umsindo kuyinkimbinkimbi - L-2-amino-3- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) propanoic acid. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Yiziphi amino acid?

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe property histidine neqhaza layo emzimbeni, siyowuqonda ne elithi "acid acid". Labo ziyazithanda ezemidlalo, ngizwile ngalezi izinto. I-acid acid kuyinto kwakwakhe organic kokuba amaqembu amabili ayisisekelo obusebenzayo ezenza kube ekhethekile: iqembu acid -NH _2, nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi carboxyl iqembu -COOH.

Eyokuqala unesibopho sezindawo eyisisekelo yaleli ekilasini engavamile compounds. Ngenxa nitrogen ne yayo acid acid pair ama-electron kungaba indlela kahle icala ion. Lapho iqembu acid is iguqulwe lapha ion ezifana: -NH ₃ ^+.

Iqembu lesibili obusebenzayo obangela izakhiwo acid. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuthekelisa proton, ekubeni anion -COO ^-. into okunjalo kwenza ukwakha nosawoti neqembu carboxyl ohlangothini.

Ngakho, i-asidi acid unezitho ezimbili, ngayinye yaba uyakwazi ukwakha nosawoti. Omunye wabo inikeza izakhiwo lezi zakhi, acid, kanti elinye - ngezizathu. Ngokuvamile, i-asidi acid kungenziwa imelelwa: NH ₂ -CH (R) -COOH. Incwadi R ziqondwe lapha ngokuthi "olukhulu", okungukuthi noma yimuphi kuyizinhlayiyana organic ehlanganisa amaqembu tekusebentisa carbon skeleton nonekhono ukwakha isibopho (noma izibopho) kuya substrate-molecule acid acid.

Njengomthetho, ngisho nalabo abangalwazi kwemithi akanandaba ezemidlalo, kanye wezwa, okungenani kusukela ukukhangisa, ukuthi ama-amino acid sidingani futhi zisiza kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi yini umsebenzi abasenzela umzimba futhi kungani kudingeka uthole nabo izinga edingekayo ukudla.

Amino acid umsebenzi emzimbeni

Njengoba wazi, sonke akhiwe amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate. Futhi njengokuba besinesimo kubaqede njengoba ukudla ukulondoloza ukusebenza yayo. Kodwa isihloko lesi sihloko, sisuke abanesifiso amaprotheni kuphela. Lena i-molecule omkhulu, wenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngokuphelele futhi kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu: ezokuthutha izidakamizwa, ukudalwa amangqamuzana amasha, eqinisa izixhumanisi phakathi izinzwa ingqondo. siyakucela ukhuluma ngani nje amaprotheni. Iqiniso lokuthi zonke lezi izinto akhiwe amino acid, okungabandakanya histidine. Formula ngisho amaprotheni elula yakhiwa acid okungenani eziyishumi acid, ixhumeke neketanga polypeptide. Ngamunye wabo isakhiwo ayo nomumo evumela ukuthi ukwenza umsebenzi okuyiwona wona sidalwe ngokwemvelo.

histidine

Ifomula kuhlanganisa noma iyiphi acid acid, njengoba sesibonile, amaqembu okungenani ezimbili tekusebentisa lwamathambo carbon, yokuxhuma kubo. Yingakho umehluko phakathi kwawo wonke ama-amino acid (okuyinto ngenhlanhla isivele wathola eziyizigidi ezimbalwa) ubude kwebhuloho carbon ophakathi kwala maqembu amabili e isakhiwo olukhulu, adjoint kuso.

Isihloko lesi sihloko - ingenye amino acid - histidine. Formula lokhu esisemqoka acid nzima. The main carbon chain phakathi kwala maqembu amabili obusebenzayo sibona carbon athomu eyodwa kuphela. Empeleni, zonke proteinogenic ebalulekile (uyakwazi ukudala amaprotheni) amino acid futhi kuphela eyodwa carbon athomu lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, histidine has a eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa olukhulu umjikelezo. Ngenhla ungabona ukuthi kuyinto histidine. Ifomula, nezidingo zesakhiwo isici esakhiwa ngo heterocycle (ukufakwa yimuphi omunye ama-athomu ngaphandle carbon), empeleni ketshezi sekukaningi.

Ngakho, uma saxoxa nemiqondo eyisisekelo, ake ukuthuthela ukusabela ukuthi kungaba kwenziwe ngokwawo histidine.

chemical izakhiwo

Ukuphendula, okuyinto ethatha le acid acid, kuyinto ehluke ezingavamile. ukusabela ephakeme nge acid lezisekelo zalo, ke engena ukuphendula biuret ukwakha imikhiqizo anemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, histidine, ogama ifomula kuhlanganisa izinsalela of imidazole kungenzeka wasithukuthelela sulphanilic acid Pauli ukuphendula.

isiphetho

Mhlawumbe zonke izinto ezinkulu thina adiliza. Sithemba ukuthi isihloko yayiwusizo kwenu, nganinika ulwazi olusha.