Propanoic acid. Physical futhi amakhemikhali izakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa, ukuphepha emsebenzini.

Propanoic acid (amanye amagama - metiluksusnaya acid, E280 uyakulondoloza, propionic acid) - iwuketshezi nge caustic ngaphandle umbala malodorous. It has the chemical fomula elandelayo: C2H5-COOH.

Izakhiwo zanoma propionic acid:

1. lokushisa Melting kuyinto -21 °.

2. I abilayo kuyinto 141 °.

3. iphuzu flash kuyinto 54 °.

4. I mass izinyo lomhlathi elilingana 74,08 amagremu / imvukuzane.

5. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle.

6. Amazinga ukuthungela kuyinto 440 °.

izakhiwo Chemical ka propionic acid:

1. miscible ngamanzi (H2O) kanye ezihogelwayo.

2. propane acid - nomele evamile acid carboxylic ayegcwele. Kwangathi yakha esters galogenagidridy, amides, kanye nezinye izinto.

Umlando yokutholakala propanoate

Le into yaqale ezichazwe 1844 by Johann Gottlieb, owamthola phakathi imikhiqizo ushukela nokucekelwa. Khona-ke, ngesikhathi ezinye izazi zamakhemikhali le acid yahunyushwa ngo ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngaphandle kokuqaphela lokhu, ke likhishwe ngesikhathi kwakwakhe efanayo. Ngo-1847, uJean-Baptiste Dumas wathola ukuthi material ngaphambilini etholwe babe elifanayo acid ayeluchaze kamuva kanjani propanoic acid, lapho ifomula - C2H5-COOH.

Yiziphi izindlela yokuthola propanoate?

Emvelweni propanoic acid atholakala uwoyela.

Ngo umkhakha, ketshezi ezivezwa Reppe carbonylation of ethylene ukusabela njengoba ovela eceleni ku namachibi of hydrocarbon, namachibi okhanda amanye amathuba propane aldehyde ebukhoneni ion manganese noma ayibe.

Futhi, inani elikhulu metiluksusnoy acid ingatholakala yokukhiqizela acetic acid, kodwa izindlela zesimanje yokuthola kwenziwe ngale ndlela ukuba umthombo yesibili propionic acid.

Le into ingalungiswa e noqhekeko umzimba amino acid kanye okunamafutha acid aqukethe inombolo obungavamile ama-athomu carbon.

Futhi ukukhiqiza propane acid amagciwane bohlobo lwe-Propionibacterium (umkhiqizo ekupheleni umzimba wabo). Lezi amabhaktheriya atholakala isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ka ruminants, futhi ngenxa yomsebenzi walo esikhathini ushizi Swiss has ukunambitheka yayo ehlukileko.

Propionic acid

It esters nosawoti.

Ane-alikhali futhi ane-alikhali-umhlaba nosawoti kahle oncibilikayo emanzini (H2O), musa chaza ezihogelwayo.

Esters yalolu ketshezi kabi encibilikayo (H2O) amanzi kodwa miscible nge ezihogelwayo.

isicelo

Le asidi isetshenziswa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

- Ukukhiqizwa gerbetsidy (isb dihlorprol, propanol), izidakamizwa (fenobolin, ibuprofen), amakha izinto ezithile (linaloil-, phenyl-, geranil-, Gcoba i-Benzyl propionate) kuphela (butyl-, pentyl-, propyl propionate), epulasitikini ( polivinilpropionat), surfactants (glycol ethers) kanye vinilplastifikatorov;

- kusukela propionic acid kuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane athize kanye isikhunta, esikhathini esiningi isetshenziswa njengoba uyakulondoloza e esondla kwabantu nezilwane. Umkhiqizo isetshenziswa ngokuqondile isilwane propionic acid noma yayo usawoti (ammonium propionate), futhi imikhiqizo okuyinto ekhiqizwa komuntu usebenzisa i-calcium (calcium propionate) noma i-sodium (i-sodium propionate) noma usawoti yalo.

Ukuphepha emsebenzini

Ingozi main uma usebenzisa propionic acid - kuyinto ukusha chemical of kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ngo imfundo izilwane zokucwaninga umphumela kuphela engakhi ehambisana ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside ngemithamo emincane propanoic acid Kwakubonakala ulcer emphinjeni nasesiswini, ukuthi kubangelwa izindawo ezonakalisayo we ketshezi. It alutholakalanga ukuhlola ukuthi propionic acid mutagenic, umdlavuza, ezinobuthi futhi kabi Izitho zokuzala. Uma emzimbeni, sisuke sicabanga into oxidizes ngokushesha akheka abese ngokukhishwa ngesimo-carbon dioxide.