Ammonium usawoti - izindlela sokulungiselela, sebenzisa emnothweni kazwelonke

Zamakhemikhali ka NH4 + kuzibonakalisa njengoba singly icala omuhle alikhali seka metal. Lapho uxhumana anions izidakamizwa esidi akhiwa crystalline isakhiwo c - Salt ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, okuyinto iyokwakhiwa anion acid iqembu ammonium.

Ammonium nosawoti etholwe ngesikhathi ukusabela neutralization, okuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi yokusabela ammonia nge acid.

ammonium nosawoti, ezifana, isimiso, iningi metal alikhali kungase Nqamula (ahlukaniselwe cations futhi anions) e ikhambi aqueous ku-athomu: nosawoti ammonium, njengoba alikhali zensimbi Nqamula ku ion:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Phakathi Ukushisa, ezomile ammonium nosawoti kuthiwa ukubola zibe ammonia ne acid; Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi dissociation ezishisayo.

I acid kwakhiwa (isib hydrochloric acid) kanye NH3 ehwamukile naphezu Ukupholisa sibopha-ammonia kanye usawoti eyatholakala. Kufanele ukuthi kungenzeka futhi le nqubo noqhekeko esethola:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Ngakho, ammonium chloride sublimes lapho ukufuthelana, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana phezulu tube futhi livela enamathela elimhlophe ammonium chloride. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka non-oluyingozi acid nosawoti, isib, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes ngesikhathi amalahle kuphela NH3, kanye acid uhlala. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi noqhekeko engelapheki.

Zonke nosawoti ammonium basuke kalula ukubola ngu alkalis (nge Ukushisa) ukukhulula ammonia:

NH4 + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Cishe le ndlela yokusabela isetshenziselwa ukuthola kukamanyolo nge ifomu ammonium nitrogen.

Ngo ukusabela ammonium carbonate ne amaminerali kanye acid organic ezikhishwe-carbon dioxide. Ngo ukusabela ammonium sulfate noma chloride nge AgNO3 noma BaCl kwakhiwa kusheshisa umbala sici emhlophe.

Ammonium nosawoti: Izibonelo

ammonium nosawoti asetshenziswa kwezolimo kabanzi. Lena impahla esihle kakhulu amaminerali izitshalo yokudla (isb, ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Njengoba yaziwa izitshalo nitrogen ezingase zimuncwe yizitshalo kuphela ifomu lesibopho (NO3, NH4). Ngakho-ke, izakhi ze-nitrogen kuphumelela kakhulu. Lokubaluleke kakhulu iyona nitrate ammonium okuyindawo ehlanganisa ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- nitrogen.

Futhi ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, eyaziwa ngaphansi amagama MAP NH4H2P04 futhi diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 aqukethe izakhi ezimbili amakhemikhali isitshalo umsoco - nitrogen ne phosphorus. Ammonium nosawoti kufakwe umanyolo okuxubile.

Lapho ammonia ixubana carbon oxide (IV) ukuthi kwemiqondo urea noma urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) noma ammonium chloride asetshenziswa amaseli electrochemical, e ukudaya kanye sittsepechatanii, tinning futhi nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Ukuxhumana metal evuthayo, ammonia is ukubola zibe hydrogen chloride kanye ammonia. Hydrochloric acid ixubana oxide, ukungcola kwamanzi metal, kwakheka lapho usawoti oluyingozi is.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwamanzi bahlanza ithobela kahle solder. NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) kanye carbon kanye ne-aluminium nosawoti ayingxenye kuqhume - ammonal. Lezi zinto zehlela asetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa yamadwala. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa ukudla kanye confectionery umkhakha. Le ngxube liyasetshenziswa njengoba uyakulondoloza yezinhlobo ezahlukene okuphakelayo. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi anezakhi esisiza ukusheshisa yokuvuthwa.

ukuphendula qualitative nge ammonium usawoti. Lapho ukufuthelana, usawoti ammonium wakhiwa isixazululo alikhali of ammonium hydroxide, okuyinto wajinge wanamatsela ukukhululwa kwe-ammonia.

Ukuba khona kwe-ammonia kungenziwa kukalwa oyiphunga ethize kanye nezinkomba umbala ephepheni. Ukuze sifeza lesi ukuphendula kubalulekile ukuthatha ikhambi 1.0 cm3 ammonium usawoti wanezela 0.5 cm3 isixazululo sodium hydroxide nokushisa. Phakathi nenqubo Ukushisa, ammonia ikhishwe, kwakheka isici iphunga is, umbala obomvu litmus okwesibhakabhaka.