Namagciwane abangela izifo: ndawo. Ama-bacterium emzimbeni womuntu

Ama-bacterium - abakhileyo iplanethi yethu eminingi yasendulo. Bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa cishe izimo kungenzeka zokuphila. Ama-bacterium khona Emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane zezigidi. Basuke esakazwa emhlabeni wonke futhi zikhona yonke nesimiso salo sezinto eziphila. Kulesi sihloko thina sizophendula umbuzo onjani adala izifo amagciwane. Habitat zalezi zinto kuyobhekelwa yithi.

Ukuvela amagciwane

abameleli babo bavela okokuqala iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi 3.5 edlule. Sekuphele iminyaka ecishe ibe kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane, la magciwane ziwukuphela izidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni.

Okokuqala, ama-bacterium akheke lasekuqaleni. Khona-ke Nokho iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho, futhi manje la magciwane kukhona bakudala kakhulu owumphumela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi esikhathini sethu, abanye bacterium aye walondoloza izici ejwayelekile wawoyise. Lokhu kusebenza eziphilayo e-hot sulphur iziphethu, kanye ophilayo phansi emadanyini (e muds anoxic).

namagciwane asenhlabathini

Inhlabathi eziphilayo - iqembu elikhulu amagciwane. Isimo sabo is ngokufanele bazivumelanisa abahlala labo izimo, lapho uthanda. Ngokuhamba kwemvelo, it is cishe akukashintshi. Ubujamo namagciwane asenhlabathini zingase zifane induku, ibhola. Bangase babe umumo lwalugobile. La magciwane ngokuyinhloko hemosintetikami. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla uzilungiselele ukusabela ethize redox, okuyinto zenzeka ne iqhaza kwe-carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo la magciwane synthesize lezi izinto, ezisetshenziswa for nezinye izinhlobo zokuphila.

Izinhlobo zama-bacterium enhlabathini

Inhlabathi evundile kuyinto ezilapho Ukwakheka virus. Phakathi izakhamuzi zawo zingabakhulekeli avelele:

• amagciwane elibi ;
• i-nitrogen eziphilayo;
• amagciwane, okuyizinto ndawo - inhlabathi;
• amagciwane fermenting (acetic acid, acidosis acid, udwi otshekele kwesokunxele);
• ezincane, okuyinto ukunciphisa izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Phakathi kwabo, akubona bonke abangabohlobo yingozi ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Abaningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziwusizo. Badlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Nokho, kule nhlabathi futhi kukhona ama-bacterium. Indawo yabo kunomthelela yokuthi kuba ikakhulukazi izitshalo uhlushwa kubo.

Ukuvimbela amagciwane adala izifo enhlabathini

Uma iphathwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini ngezikhathi alternate izitshalo wanda ngezinga ke, kuyoba ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi amagciwane ayingozi futhi ezinobuthi bebodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, into enobuthi njalo ivele abolile nokubuna izimpande, sifanamsindvo namaqabunga. Nokho, umhlabathi uphilile, le nqubo kuzokwenzeka ngokwemvelo, ngeke ukuzalela amagciwane izitshalo pathogenic. Inkinga ivela lapho inombolo ngqo okwandisa zezitshalo ndaba edinga ukucutshungulwa. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba usike amagatsha engadingekile esikhipha izihlahla, izihlahla isuswe wanquma, ukwenza wonke chips, izimpande amahlumela awo kusayithi.

Impi yokulwa inhlabathi namagciwane abangela izifo

Uma uthola ukuthi isayithi yakho iyagula sonke isikhathi, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela isitshalo, akudingekile unyaka ngamunye fafaza amahlamvu ethintekile neziqu. Iqiniso lokuthi umthombo ezinonya uhlala emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvikela imbewu ezifweni. Khona-ke izitshalo ukuthi ziyaphuma kubo, kuyoba enempilo.

Buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, i-potassium permanganate kuyindlela elula ukuze ulwe namagciwane. Kumele buhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngalinye 1 g ngalinye 100 ml amanzi. Lokhu kulandelwa-yehora cwilisa ke imbewu, bese uxubha kahle ngamanzi. Enye i-ejenti - chaza ilitha lamanzi 1 igremu ka zinhlayiya potassium permanganate kanye "itshe blue" (ithusi sulfate) bese wengeza 0.2 g boric acid.

namagciwane abangela izifo emzimbeni womuntu

La magciwane - nezilwanyana eziwuhlupho-eziphila. Iyini ingozi amagciwane womuntu pathogenic? Basuke inikwa amandla yi ngokusebenzisa omunye umzimba, ezihlanganisa abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Abulala umkhiqizo bokugcina bokuphila kwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, zingase zibe khona izifo ezinzima: ikholera, typhoid, umbendeni, isifo sofuba, brucellosis, nabanye.

Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwazo indawo yemvelo ngamathe womuntu esiguli, kanye izitsha nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nesineke. Bangaphinde ufake umzimba emoyeni lidala zasendlini. namagciwane abangela izifo ezitholakala emanzini, ukudla futhi cishe zonke evele. Kubo indawo engahlanzekile evumayo ikakhulukazi. Kusukela izilwane ezigulayo kungabuye gciwane, ngoba ezinye zalezi amagciwane, okulimazayo kubo, futhi kungaba ukusilimaza.

Futhi izitshalo, njengoba sishilo, kungathinta amagciwane. Indawo yabo kuhlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, izithelo izitshalo. Yesilinganiso yabathinta izithelo kungaba azimisele kalula. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imifino nezithelo asetshenziswa ukudla, ikakhulukazi zasendle ekhula. Phela, amagciwane amabi kukhona izinto ezibanga izifo eziyingozi. inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, kanye angabiki emagcekeni - lena zokuvimbela engcono.

ikholoni imbewu eletha

namagciwane abangela izifo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo lapho - emzimbeni womuntu, baningi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, E. coli. Kuyinto amagciwane iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana, umthombo izakhi esetshenziselwa izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Advantageously, le E. coli kuyinto induku okwenyanga. It uhlala ngokuyinhloko engxenyeni engezansi mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emathunjini. Nokho, kungenzeka E. coli wathola futhi imikhiqizo emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba sisinde isikhathi esithile imvelo.

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi (amagciwane e) kwalesi silwane virus. Ingxenye esemqoka kubo akuyona ingozi. La magciwane zikhona izitshalo evamile emathunjini kokubili izilwane nabantu. Izinga lokushisa 37 ° C elikhulu ngabo.

Enye inguqulo ethile ithi lezi E. coli singena emzimbeni womuntu amahora 40 ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, futhi uhlala kulo lonke umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato. Umthombo ivela khona emzimbeni kungaba obisini lukamama noma nabantu abaxhumana ingane. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, lokhu bacterium zisesesibelethweni uhlala emzimbeni.

E. coli ayinankinga ezimweni ezejwayelekile kwemvelo ngoba. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungaba pathogenic uma buvela nezinye izingxenye zemizimba yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nobunzima pathogenic kakhulu akwazi ukungena kulo kwabavela ngaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu oye wabona ezihlukahlukene izifo gastro-emathunjini.

streptococci

Lezi amabhaktheriya adala izifo, akha cishe isigamu sezindela microflora yethu oropharynx. Kodwa lapha awayona ingozi. ukudla okusalile noma epithelium desquamated - enhle kakhulu izakhi naphakathi ngoba streptococci. Babuye ezitholakala pheshana emathunjini, Izitho zokuzala, ipheshana zokuphefumula. Inani elikhulu la magciwane uhlala on kwesikhumba womuntu. Amasosha omzimba ebambezela ukuthuthukiswa yabo.

Ama-bacterium ngaphansi isenzo Kunezici eziningana ibe amagciwane ezingosomathuba pathogenic. Ngenxa yalokho, babangela ngamagciwane okunzima.

staphylococci

Kusukela azalwa, umuntu uqala ukuxhumana emagciwaneni, kubangelwa Staphylococcus aureus. Umzimba ukuphila ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba enamandla kuso. Ngaphansi kwethonya ezicini eziningana, la magciwane aguqulwa ku pathogenic. Ezisithintayo esikhumbeni, futhi kukhona ibhali, pyoderma, abscesses, amathumba carbuncles. Ukusabalala ukutheleleka kuholela folliculitis, cellulitis, phlegmon ka kwezicubu ezithambile, abscesses, mastitis futhi gidradenity.

Staphylococcus aureus lingena singene umzimba ngemithambo yegazi. Kubangela isifo senhliziyo (endocarditis futhi pericarditis), amathambo (osteomyelitis), amalunga omzimba (isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga webhaktheriya), uhlelo urinary, ubuchopho, aphansi kanye engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula. Cishe zonke izicubu womuntu kanye nezinhlaka kungathinta ukutheleleka staphylococcal. Izinhlobo izifo ukuthi kubangela, kukhona engaphezu kwekhulu. Staphylococcus enterotoxins, ukuwela pheshana emathunjini ngokudla, kuholele ukudla okunobuthi (ushevu).

Izingane kuze kube unyaka, kanye nabantu abadala kanye buthaka omzimba Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukutheleleka. ukunqotshwa ukubonakaliswa ziyahlukahluka. Bona kuxhomeke esikhundleni yethula umzimba Staphylococcus, degree yayo ulaka, kanye isimo izivikeli mzimba lesiguli.

tubercle imbewu eletha

Le ndoda wawusungenwe imbewu eletha tubercle, waphathwa isifo sofuba. Esikhathini amathambo, izinso, amaphaphu ezinye izitho kukhona uhlevane ezincane ukuthi ekugcineni iba yingxenye yomhlabathi. Isifo sofuba - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, bahlushwa eliyaye iminyaka.

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis - futhi amagciwane ezibangela isifo. Ukutheleleka kuholela ukubukeka i ingenza ngisho nokungaphezulu kwalokho, futhi esinye sezifo lezivakashi kakhulu - isifo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala ukutheleleka ekufeni sihamba amahora ambalwa kuphela. Ezikhathini zasendulo, alichithe kubhubhane yalesi sifo thusa bhicongo. Kwakukhona izimo lapho wonke umzana ngisho emizini kusukela babo befa.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-6th, lesi sifo singene ku East Central Europe. Raging lapha, isifo ubulele izinkulungwane zabantu usuku emadolobheni amakhulu. Futhi Namuhla uhlala isifo esiyingozi. amagciwane Inhlupheko baphathe namazeze, okuyizinto yisinanakazana ku amagundane kanye gophers.

Okunye kwendawo amagciwane adala izifo

Ama-bacterium angase akhethe ukungabi ingxenye ukuphila, hhayi nje kuphela lezo zindawo okuye okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Ezinye zazo zikhona izimo ezibonakala zenza umuntu zingabafaneli ukuphila. Lokhu iziphethu ezishisayo, kanti polar ice futhi dilution emoyeni, kanye nengcindezi enamandla. Impi yokulwa namagciwane abangela izifo lubalulekile yonke indawo. Phela, emhlabeni ayikho indawo enjalo, lapho ayikwazanga itholiwe.

Ngakho, sakhuluma ngalokho uhlobo amagciwane adala izifo futhi ukuthi bahlalaphi. Yiqiniso, kulesi sihloko sichaza eyisisekelo nabameli babo. Izinhlobo namagciwane abangela izifo, njengoba wazi, baningi, ngakho ukwazana nabo ingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.