Oxides Eyisisekelo kanye nezici zabo

Oxides - into kabani molecule aqukethe i-athomu oksijini namachibi - 2 bese ama-athomu yesici yesibili.

I oxides akhiwa ukuphendula okuqondile phakathi umoya-mpilo futhi enye into noma ngokungaqondile - by noqhekeko elisekela, nosawoti, acid. uhlobo enjalo compounds sekusakazeke kakhulu emvelweni, futhi kungaba khona ngesimo igesi, liquid noma okuqinile. ungqimba lomhlaba nazo oxides. Ngokwesibonelo, isihlabathi, nokugqwala, carbon dioxide , ngisho amanzi evamile - konke kuyizibonelo oxides.

Kukhona njengoba usawoti-ukwakha futhi nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Salt-ukwakha ngenxa isivuno yokusabela chemical nosawoti. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa oxides of izinsimbi kanye nonmetals, okuyinto indlela abasabela ngamanzi ukwakha acid, futhi ukusabela nge isizinda - usawoti, evamile futhi ene-asidi. Ukuze usawoti-ukwakha zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ithusi oxide.

Ngakho, kusukela usawoti nesoleobrazuyuschih engenakwenzeka. Njengoba isibonelo, i-carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, futhi nitrogen oxide.

oxides Salt-ukwakha zihlukaniswe, esikhundleni salokho, phezu eziyisisekelo, acid amphoteric. Sizobe ukukhuluma kabanzi ngemininingwane mayelana eziyinhloko.

Ngakho, oxides eziyisisekelo - kuyinto oxides of izinsimbi ezithile, hydroxides elihambisana okungokwendlela isigaba elisekela. Okuwukuthi, ukusabela nge acid izinto ezinjalo akha amanzi kanye nosawoti. Isibonelo, K2O, Cao, MgO, nokunye. Ezimweni ezivamile, i-oxides eyisiqalo zokwakheka okuqinile crystalline. Degree metal oksileniya e compounds enjalo ngokuvamile bengekho ngaphezu kwama-ezimbili noma ezintathu ezingavamile.

izakhiwo Chemical we oxides eyisisekelo

1. Indlela Abasabela nge acid

Kuyinto ekusabeleni nge-nitrous acid libonisa izakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo, Nokho lokhu kucwaninga ingaqinisa ethile uhlobo oxide. Uma usawoti kanye amanzi akhiwa - ngakho-ke, i-nitrous eziyisisekelo. oxides esidi e enjalo ifomu acid nokuxhumana. A kungaba abonise izakhiwo amphoteric noma ene-asidi, noma eziyisisekelo - incike izimo. Lezi umehluko omkhulu phakathi oxides nesoleobrazuyuschih.

2. Ukuphendula ngamanzi

Ngo ukuxhumana ngamanzi ufake labo oxides of izinsimbi okuyinto akhiwa eziningi voltage kagesi, ebhekene magnesium. Lapho ukuphendula amanzi, akha elisekela encibilikayo. Leli qembu ane-alikhali emhlabeni oxides futhi izinsimbi alikhali (barium yombala oxide, lithium oxide, njll). oxides esidi emanzini ukwakha acid, futhi amphoteric ngamawala ukuze amanzi.

3. Ukusabela nge oxides esidi amphoteric

Abobulili yimvelo oxides chemical basabela nomunye, kanjalo zakha isimiso usawoti. Ngokwesibonelo, oxides eziyisisekelo kungaba asabela ne acid kodwa ungaphenduli namanye amalungu qembu. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezimatasa kukhona oxides of izinsimbi alikhali, ane-alikhali-umhlaba kanye magnesium. Ngisho ezimweni ezivamile, basuke tho nge oxides okuqinile amphoteric, acid okuqinile futhi gaseous. Lapho ukuphendula oxides esidi, akha usawoti okuhambisanayo.

Kodwa oxides eziyisisekelo nezinye izinsimbi kancane esebenzayo futhi cishe ungathathi ngamawala ne oxides gaseous (esidi). Abakwazi kuphela ukuqala ukusabela elihlangana ngu alloying nge okuqinile acid oxides.

4. Redox Properties

Active alikhali metal oxides musa abonise evelele ekunciphiseni noma oxidizing izakhiwo. Ngokuphambene, oxides akuzona njengoba izinsimbi asebenzayo ungalulama amalahle, i-hydrogen, i-ammonia noma i-carbon monoxide.

Ulungiselela oxides eyisisekelo

1. hydroxides noqhekeko: metal zingaxazululeki lapho ukubola evuthayo ukudicilela kanye oxide eziyisisekelo.

2. Ukulumbanisa nge-oksijini of izinsimbi: alikhali peroxide metal amafomu ngesikhathi omlilo-oksijini, okuyinto ke yakha core wokwehla oxide.