Zomzimba zokuphefumula e abantu

zomzimba Human ukuphefumula - omunye izinqubo ebalulekile yokuphila

Ukuphefumula - Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko nokugcina ukuphila nenhlalakahle eziphilayo. Njengazo zonke ezinye imisebenzi, ukuphefumula akuyona inqubo main noma lesibili - lokhu ingenye yezinhlobo anokuhambisana, umsebenzi oxhumene ngokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo.

inqubo Physiology kungaba kungokwemvelo futhi sokugembula. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana umoya futhi babe kuvisisa inkambiso ngeziphambeko kufanele ngokushesha cabanga ngokwayo inqubo ukuphefumula.

Anatomy futhi izitho zomzimba umgudu wokuphefumula kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ingaphansi isimiso esisodwa yemvelo - impilo evamile komzimba. I zomzimba evamile emishinini yokuphefumula kuhilela inqubo ukuqaliswa ngokusebenzisa ingaphakathi acinene. Umlomo isetshenziselwa ukuphefumula kuphela uma uhlobo acinene iba yinkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi abandayo omdala umlomo ukuphefumula, ngoba acinene kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ngo ebuntwaneni, lapho ukuphefumula ngomlomo, odokotela bavame usola adenoids yene, okuyinto ukuvimbela ukudlula umoya ngokusebenzisa ingaphakathi acinene.

ukuphefumula acinene ibaluleke kakhulu umuntu, yingakho ngisho esemncane abazali bafundise izingane ukuba sikwazi ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa ekhaleni somkhuba "gasping umoya" akazange izifo womphimbo. zomzimba zokuphefumula yokuthi, edabula ekhaleni, umoya ogeleza phansi umgudu uye sekuqala ukufudumala, akunjalo abandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhala inethiwekhi aminyene imithambo yegazi zazo ukufuthelana ngu odlulayo emoyeni ngokusebenzisa ingaphakathi acinene. Ngaphezu umsebenzi ukufudumala, ekhaleni lihlanza umoya, uyephuza ngomzuzu uthuli ewa umsinga womoya. Umuntu kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngosuku olulodwa ekhaleni lakhe futhi ngandlela-thile uhlushwa enjalo komoya, ngakho nsuku zonke (ekuseni) yokulungiswa ingaphakathi acinene liyadingeka.

Kusukela emazombezombe emoyeni nasopharynx ageleza phansi amalaka kanye kuqhoqhoqho. Uqhoqhoqho is in kuyithuba luhlukaniswe amashubhu bronchial, okuyinto ukuya ohlangothini ilungelo iphaphu okulungile ngasohlangothini kwesokunxele kuya wamaphaphu kwesokunxele. Sami bronchi zifane isihlahla branched, okuyinto luhlukaniswe bronchioles kanye imikhawulo alveoli enisemikhawulweni (vesicles yamaphaphu). Kulapha iqala ngqo ukushintshanisa ka umoya-mpilo ezicutshini futhi iyiswa ngegazi ngomzimba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha esiphezulu inqubo ukuphefumula ngokuya othulini, nelase-bronchi kanye kuqhoqhoqho zinikezwa ngaphakathi epithelium ciliated okuyinto iqondiswe ekufezeni ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Ngale ndlela kwakheka isikhwehlela ukuthi amajazi izinhlayiya ngothuli kukhishelwa kuya epithelium we ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Namakhala lapho ukhwehlela noma sneezing umzimba womuntu ukukhishwa zesandulela isikhwehlela ukuthi uhlanze umgudu wokuphefumula - sihilela physiology emishinini yokuphefumula, ngakho ukukhanya akukho isikhwehlela viscous, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. zimbi kakhulu, uma isikhwehlela kunzima ukuba amuke, it has a esiluhlaza ngokuphuzi noma admixture kwegazi - lo mkhuba kungase kubonise ukunqotshwa sina umgudu wokuphefumula.

Alveoli e isakhiwo yabo ehlukile kakhulu - linqotshiwe ngokuphelele isimo izitho zomzimba wabo zokuphefumula. izindonga Alveolar umncane - eyodwa kuphela ungqimba lamaseli sihamba ngokukhululekile umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide. A indima ekhethekile inqubo zokuphefumula kudlala surfactant - material ekhethekile ehlanganisa ezindongeni alveoli. Siyabonga kuye, izindonga alveolar bona abanakho ukuthambekela atelectasis - othwala off. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantwana abazalwa umnyuziki eside - e surfactant yabo alveolar ngokwanele ukuthi izingane uphefumule ngokuzimela.

zomzimba zokuphefumula kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela umsebenzi izidumbu ezihlobene umgudu wokuphefumula. Esikhathini amathambo inqubo zokuphefumula abathintekayo (izimbambo kancane waphakamisa), imisipha (ngqo balethwa isinyathelo ezimbanjweni), diaphragm (ingalo okuyisipesheli odlulela izitho besisu futhi nekwandzisa umtsamo ngalo ingaphakathi thoracic phakathi izenzo zokuphefumula). Jwayelekile zomzimba zokuphefumula inikeza ngokugcwele emzimbeni nge-oksijini kudingekile ekuphileni yayo kanye Imiphumela the "wachitha" igesi - ukuthi onjalo izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzeka emzimbeni womuntu.