Ulwelwesi esweni. I enamathela elingaphandle iso

I inhlamvu yeso has izigxobo ezimbili: front futhi bakhulise. Ibanga phakathi kwayo ngokwesilinganiso 24 mm. Kuyinto ubukhulu elikhulu yeso. Kwenqwaba uyaca lokugcina core kwangaphakathi. Kuyacaca okuqukethwe okuyinto lizungezwe ulwelwesi ezintathu. It yakhiwa amahlaya aqueous, lens futhi umzimba Vitreous. On nxazonke core inhlamvu yeso sizungezwe ezintathu iso: fibrous (ongaphandle), imithambo yegazi (isilinganiso) net (yangaphakathi). Thina uzokutshela mayelana ngamunye wabo.

Udonga lwangaphandle

I eyizingqabavu kakhulu udonga lwangaphandle iso, fibrous. Kuyinto ngenxa uthinta inhlamvu yeso lakhe uyakwazi ukugcina ezakheke ngayo.

cornea

I-cornea noma cornea - front ingxenye yayo encane. Ubukhulu bayo imayelana 1/6 usayizi lonke igobolondo. I-cornea e yeso ingxenye kakhulu ayizindunduma ngakho. Ngesimo kuyinto ngilugweda-convex, lens kancane side elibheke emuva ngilugweda. Mayelana 0.5 mm kuyinto ukujiya eyisibonelo cornea. Ubukhulu bayo ovundlile kuyinto 11-12 mm. Mayelana mpo, usayizi waso - 10,5-11 mm.

I-cornea - the esobala emgodleni amehlo. It is akhiwa amangqamuzana zezinzwa izicubu stroma esobala futhi corneal ukuthi zakha Ingqikithi yayo. Nge evele front futhi bakhulise eseduze posterior stroma futhi umngcele anterior we ipuleti. Lesi sakamuva limelela into eyinhloko cornea (modified), kuyilapho ezinye lisuselwa endothelium, ihlanganisa indawo ngemuva, futhi imigqa lonke anterior ekamelweni ehlweni lomuntu. epithelium wakubo ihlanganisa phambi kobuso cornea. Lenza ngaphandle kwemingcele ecijile epithelium igobolondo yokuxhuma. Ngenxa homogeneity we kwezicubu, kanye nokuntuleka lymph negazi izitsha cornea, kunokusebenza ungqimba olandelayo, okuyinto iso albuginea kuyinto esobala. Manje phenya incazelo sclera.

sclera

Albuginea iso ngokuthi le sclera. Lokhu emikhulu posterior ingxenye udonga lwangaphandle azungeze 1/6 ngakho. Sclera - ukuqhutshekiselwa ngqo cornea. kwakhiwa Nokho it is, ngokungafani mBhalo, Imicu yotshani ezicutshini (obukhulu) doped nabanye Imicu yotshani - mithambo ine-elastin. Tunica iso igobolondo, ngaphezu kwalokho, akulona esobala. I sclera ku-cornea okuphuma kancane. bezel ayevumela isezingeni umngcele phakathi kwawo. Ibizwa ngokuthi ohlangothini cornea. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho albuginea amehlo. Kuyinto esobala kuphela ekuqaleni, eduze cornea.

neminyango sclera

I anterior ebusweni elingaphandle sclera embozwe conjunctiva. Lokhu mucosa amehlo. Uma kungenjalo, ubizwa ngokuthi zezinzwa. Ngokuqondene division misa, lapha ke ihlanganisa kuphela endothelium. Ebusweni engaphakathi sclera, okuyinto ubhekene choroid, futhi ihlanganisa endothelium. Ngo lonke obuphelele sclera salo ukushuba ofanayo. I thinnest kwesigaba - yindawo lapho igcwale Imicu emsipheni optic, okuyinto siphuma inhlamvu yeso. kwakhiwa Kukhona ipuleti ngehele. Sclera has ukushuba esikhulu kunazo zonke e obungazungeza emsipheni optic. Kulapha phakathi kuka 1 no 1.5 mm. Khona-ke, ukushuba incipha, ukufinyelela enkabazwe ye 0.4-0.5 mm. Ukuphendukela emkhakheni okunamathiselwe imisipha, sclera futhi sikhula, ubude bayo imayelana 0.6 mm lapha. Dlula therethrough hhayi kuphela optic yezinzwa, kodwa futhi emithambo yegazi nezitsha lwemithambo nezinzwa. Bakha uchungechunge emigodini sclera, okuyinto abathweswe iziqu ngokuthi lo sclera. Eduze usebe we-cornea, ku bengaphambili umnyango wakhe ukujula, amanga ubude yonke we itheku we sclera, egijima circularly.

choroid

Ngakho, kuye kwadingeka ukuba uchaze ngobufuphi enamathela elingaphandle iso. Manje phenya kwebalingisi of semithambo, okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi isilinganiso. It ihlukaniswe yaba okulandelayo izingxenye ezintathu ukungalingani. Eyokuqala yalezi - ezinkulu, emuva, okuyinto imigqa mayelana izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinto ebusweni engaphakathi sclera. Ibizwa ngokuthi choroid. Ingxenye yesibili - Ngokwesilinganiso, sise umngcele phakathi cornea kanye sclera. Lokhu umzimba ciliary. Ekugcineni, inxenye yesithathu (aphansi, ngaphambili), ukudluliswa ngokusebenzisa i-cornea libizwa iris noma iris.

Empeleni maqembu choroid ngaphandle kwemingcele ecijile anterior emzimbeni ciliary. Unqenqema toothed odongeni ingaba njengesihluthulelo umngcele phakathi kwawo. Cishe kuyo yonke choroid nje eseduze sclera, ngaphandle endaweni endaweni, kanye ingxenye oluhambisana emsipheni optic. I choroid eduze yokugcina ezibukwayo has a imbobo lapho ipuleti elise kuya sclera latticed fibre optic nerve. Ebusweni elingaphandle ke yema phezu sombala ezimboziwe amaseli endothelial. It kukhawulela vokrugsosudistoe capillary isikhala kanye ebusweni engaphakathi sclera.

Okunye izingqimba zisithakazelise Shell kumiswa ungqimba imikhumbi emikhulu, semithambo ukwakha ipuleti. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi. imicu enwebekayo yezicubu zezinzwa, kanye amaseli sombala ngokufanele therebetween. Secondary ungqimba semithambo elisemandleni ungqimba ezijulile. Kuyinto kancane esikhunjeni. Ukuze-ke abuts inethiwekhi imithambo amancane capillary ukwakha ipuleti semithambo-capillary. It is ikakhulukazi kule ndawo macular. Structureless ungqimba fibrous - zone ejulile we choroid. Ibizwa ngokuthi ipuleti esikhulu. Engxenyeni anterior we choroid sikhula kancane futhi sihamba ngaphandle kwemingcele abukhali emzimbeni ciliary.

ciliary apharathasi

It ihlanganiswa ne ebusweni engaphakathi ipuleti isizinda, okuyinto phambili ishidi. Ipheshana libhekisela choroid. Umzimba ciliary , omningi walo siqukethe ciliary kwemisipha, kanye stroma ciliary umzimba. Lesi sakamuva imelelwa ezicutshini ocebile sombala amaseli futhi friable, futhi sebuningini ezitsheni.

Izingxenye ezilandelayo ababonakali ngezikhundla emzimbeni ciliary: emjikelezweni ciliary, isiswebhu ciliary futhi imisipha ciliary. Kugcine ithatha ehhovisi zakhe zangaphandle ngqo ezincikene sclera. Kumiswa Smooth imisipha Imicu yotshani imisipha ciliary is. Phakathi kwabo ukuhlukanisa Imicu yotshani circumferential futhi meridional. Kwakamuva kakhulu athuthukile. Bakha unengalo esebenza ukungezwani choroid. Kusukela sclera kanye anterior ekamelweni engela uqale Imicu yotshani yayo. Ukuya emuva, kancane kancane, balahlekelwa ku choroid. Lokhu imisipha, ukuzisika, ukudansela isiginci sakhe phambili umzimba ciliary (ngemuva ingxenye) kanye choroid (ngaphambili okuyingxenye). Ngakho, isimo esishubile ciliary ibhande incipha.

ciliary kwemisipha

Imicu yotshani Isiyingi zinengxenye kumiswa imisipha isiyingi. ukunciphisa zayo kunciphisa inesikhala esiyingini esiyingxenye umzimba ciliary. Siyabonga kule ndawo silungise nenkabazwe ka kwebhande lens ciliary lusondela. Kubangela ukuphumula ibhande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugobile lens kwandisa. Kuyinto kule ngxenye isiyingi ciliary imisipha ubizwa nangokuthi imisipha ukugxisha lens.

umbuthano ciliary

Le ngxenye posteromedial yomzimba ciliary. Arcuate isesimweni, ukuthi ine unezikhinsi. umbuthano Ciliary uyaqhubeka ngaphandle kwemingcele elibukhali choroid.

beater ciliary

It ithatha anterior-ingxenye. Likhipha crease encane, ukufinyelela radially. Lezi emphethweni ciliary ukuhambisa anteriorly e izinqubo ciliary, okuyizinto abangaba ngu-70 lapho ngokukhululekile hang apula emuva ikhamera. Kumiswa onqenqemeni oyindilinga is endaweni lapho kukhona ukuguquka ciliary Izig Plana phehla. Lena ukuphela kwendawo lokunamathelisa we kokungathembeki ka kwebhande lens ciliary.

iris

Forefoot kuyinto iris, noma iris. Ngokungafani neminye iminyango, ke ingekho ngqo ambozwe fibre. Iris iwukuqhutshwa umzimba ciliary (umnyango phambili). Kungenxa indiza engaphelele futhi ngandlela-thile asuswe cornea. imbobo Round ngokuthi umfundi, has maphakathi nalo. Ciliated ngokuthi onqenqemeni okuphambene onqenqemeni okuyinto wonke selilonke iris. stratum zokugcina yakhiwa imisipha bushelelezi, imithambo yegazi, ezicutshini, kanye imicu yezinzwa eziningi. Lo mbala eyenza "umbala" amehlo kukhona emuva ebusweni amaseli iris.

imisipha yakhe bushelelezi kukhona ezimbili: osabalalayo futhi isiyingi. Lo mfundi circumferentially overlies ungqimba isiyingi. It yakha imisipha constricts umfundi. Le micu ahlelwe radially, ifomu imisipha, okuyinto wenabisela.

Ebusweni anterior iris kancane convex anteriorly. Ngenxa yalokho, ngilugweda labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngesikhathi phambi, ngesikhathi obungazungeza umfundi, it has indandatho kwangaphakathi kancane iris (pupillary zone). Mayelana 1 mm ububanzi. I ring encane iphahlwe ngaphandle toothed umugqa okungajwayelekile kuyoshaya circularly. Ibizwa ngokuthi indilinga lencane iris. Ingxenye esele okuvela kuyo le phambi kobuso ngendlela ububanzi mayelana 3-4 mm. It kungokwalabo indandatho enkulu yangaphandle iris, noma ingxenye ciliary.

-retina

Sixoxe-ke kakusini lonke iso. Siye wethule fibrous futhi semithambo. Yini igobolondo iso ongakabi kubhekwe? Impendulo - yangaphakathi, net (futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-retina). Lokhu igobolondo imelelwa ezinzwa elise izingqimba eziningana. It imigqa ingaphakathi iso. Lokhu value elikhulu iso. Lokho kunikeza umbono lomuntu, ngoba ubonisa izinto. Khona-ke ulwazi ngawo idluliselwa kuya ebuchosheni nge emsipheni optic. Nokho, i-retina akaboni zonke okufanayo. iso igobolondo isakhiwo yokuthi ikhono elikhulu ezibukwayo libhekene macula.

macula

Kuyinto ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi kuyi-retina. Zonke esiwuzwe isikole ukuthi kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-retina izinduku kanye Izigaxa. Kodwa kule macula kukhona Izigaxa kuphela, okuyinto banesibopho imibala. Ukube bekungengenxa wakhe, sasingeke sikwazi ukuhlukanisa imininingwane emihle, ukufunda. Esikhathini macula kukhona zonke izimo ukubhaliswa imisebe yokukhanya ngendlela enemininingwane kakhulu. I-retina kule ndawo iba ohlabayo. Ngenxa imisebe yokukhanya ungathola ngqo Izigaxa ukukhanya-sensitive. imithambo yegazi retina ukuthi kungaphazamisa umbono osobala macula akukho. amaseli wayo anikwe amandla kusukela choroid elise ezijulile. Macula - ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi retina, lapho inombolo eyisisekelo amaseli Isigaxa (amaseli ezibukwayo).

Kuyini ngaphakathi igobolondo

Ngaphakathi igobolondo ahlelwe phambi kanye negumbi ezingemuva (phakathi lens kanye iris). Ngaphakathi zisuthe ngokuhle ketshezi. Phakathi kwabo itholakala Vitreous kanye lens. umumo Kugcine kuyinto lens we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele. Lens, njengoba i-cornea refracts futhi adlulisele imisebe yokukhanya. Ngenxa yalokhu gxila isithombe kuyi-retina. jelly Vitreous ka ukungaguquguquki. Eyeground uhlukane lens ngalo.