Calcium Carbide

Ngenxa yalokho nokuxhumana carbon ezisansimbi at high temperaturahpoluchayutsya carbides. Ngokwesibonelo, i-calcium Carbide: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Kuzo zonke carbides sibaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo. CaC2 Pure - crystallizing kahle okuqinile, zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle kwakhiwa ion Ca2 + futhi C2-. amanye amagama wakhe - Calcium acetylide noma calcium Carbide. mass izinyo lomhlathi ilingana 64,1 g / imvukuzane. Akukhona oluyingozi futhi akuyona oncibilikayo yimiphi imithi yokususa ingcekeza elenkani eyaziwa, futhi ubola ngenxa yesenzo amanzi. inhlanganiso salo 2.22 g / cm³. Amazinga ukuncibilika kwaba 2160 ° C futhi ukubila - 2300 ° C. Izinga kwethonya umzimba kuyinto into eyingozi kakhulu (ekilasini 1st ingozi).

calcium Okokuqala acetylide yahunyushwa ngo-1862 yi-wemithi German Fridrihom Velerom lapho ukufuthelana nge namalahle ingxubevange zinc ne-calcium. Futhi echazwe ukusabela calcium Carbide nge H2O. Ngisho enokulandelela yayo (isib umswakama asemkhathini)-calcium Carbide iyaphendula ngamandla lapho kukhululwa semali ukushisa. Kodwa uma ukuntuleka kwamanzi okuholela autoignition acetylene singenzeka. Calcium Carbide ngamandla ihlangana lwenkomo olufakwe amanzi acid wezinto ezingaphili futhi izixazululo aqueous of alkalis. Lokhu kuyinto ukwabiwa acetylene. Ukuba ejenti enamandla ekunciphiseni, CaC2 uyakwazi ubuyisela zonke oxides sensimbi carbides noma izinsimbi okumsulwa.

Ukuthola i-calcium Carbide zingavumi ngoba calcium, futhi i-nitrous yayo. Emazingeni aphezulu (kusuka 2000 kuya 2300 ° C) kuyinto yokutakula yayo. I metal ne-carbon axhunyiwe: Cao + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. Inqubo yenzeka i kagesi arc somlilo, lapho ingxube esikhipha lime ngokushesha futhi coke noma anthracite. Umkhiqizo ongahluziwe kuyinto anemibala, uba nombala lemicu empunga elinamathela othini, ngoba iqukethe ukungcola ngesimo khulula carbon, i-nitrous, futhi sulfide, i-calcium phosphide nezinye zamakhemikhali. IMisa ingxenyenamba CaC2 kwalo kungukuchotshozwa 80-85%.

Ngo ukusabela carbides nge zezitsha amanzi noma lwensimbi, noma acetylene. Ngokwe-samuntu yesibili ihlangana amanzi Carbide calcium. Acetylene, ukusabela okuholela ukuthi ibaluleke zezimboni: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, kuyinto lobuchwepheshe kanye ine iphunga ezingemnandi, ngoba iqukethe eziningi ukungcola (NH3, H2S, PH3, njll). Nakuba ngefomu okumsulwa, kuba igesi kungenambala nge isici iphunga kunalokho ebuthakathaka, futhi kuba impela oncibilikayo emanzini. Kubalulekile ukuthola i-calcium cyanamide (a impahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni cyanide ezibangela noma kusetshenziswe njengendlela Umanyolo) Carbide by ukusabela ngayo nitrogen at ezothando yokusabela: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

CaC2 Kugcine kabanzi izibani Carbide, eyasebenza njengodonga umthombo ilangabi acetylene. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa umthombo wokukhanya enjalo kukhawulwe ikakhulu potholing, it is libuye lisetshenziswe buoys kanye zezibani. Kwezinye izici ezibalulekile ekuphileni isicelo CaC2 - kukhona ubuchwepheshe zamakhemikhali, lapho kuba impahla eluhlaza. Ngokwesibonelo, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi wabo kuba zokwenziwa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Futhi etholwe kusuka calcium Carbide black acetylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, zokwenziwa inhlaka, styrene. I steel isetshenziselwa deoxidization futhi desulfurization izinsimbi (ukunciphisa oksijini sulphur, ngokulandelana). Calcium Carbide isetshenziswa womshini somthetho ukukhula plant, reagent Carbide powder (Welding acetylene).

Ukulungiselela ithani ngalinye CaC2 kudinga ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3 KW / h kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, kuyafaneleka ukuba khona amanani aphansi ngoba. Kukhokonke, kodwa-zomkhiqizo womhlaba-calcium Carbide lukhula. Uma 70s kwekhulu langaphambilini, ngonyaka ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezingamathani angu-5 million, ekhulwini lethu, inombolo lande ngamaphesenti cishe ingxenye yako. Ngokwesibonelo, eChina, ukukhiqizwa acetylene esekelwe calcium Carbide ungumthombo oyinhloko izinto zokusetshenziswa for the umkhakha zamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukukhiqizwa polyvinyl chloride. Ukukhiqizwa acetylene asendabeni iluhlaza ukonga ukwedlula ukusebenzisa uwoyela amazwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa yayo eChina ezikhulayo. Ngo-2005, yafinyelela kwezigidi ezingu 8,94 wamathani, futhi kwakungekho kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokupha ukukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.

Ngokungafani China, i-United States, e-Europe ne-Japan carbonaceous ne-calcium eyanele ngokuvamile kuyancipha. Izinga ukukhiqizwa yayo e-US ngo-90s zaba amathani ayinkulungwane 236 kuphela ngonyaka. Ezweni lethu, i-Carbide calcium kukhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezibekwe ISO 1460-81. amakhasimende Its main - kuba Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania neSlovakia. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ngokuqondene ukwanda emananini ugesi ukusetshenziswa calcium acetylide eRussia kanye namazwe timbiwa wawa ngesigamu.