Izigaba kanye amakilasi lomlilo izakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa ahlukahlukene, okufanele eziqinile ngempela futhi iqine, sihlinzekela nesidingo sokuqinisekisa hhayi kuphela amandla mechanical izakhiwo osungulwe futhi ukumelana namathonya ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngaphandle, kodwa futhi ukuze azivikele ingozi yomlilo, ngenxa okuyinto umtsetfo lokhona ngisho babe Hazard ezifanele . iphrojekthi Kuncono kuhlanganisa nokuhlanganiswa inqwaba izici ukuthi angene emshungwini wokugubha la ejwayelekile amandla "mechanical" materials.

Ukuphuthuma inkinga

Yiqiniso, ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa kwanoma izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, okungase kuholele ekubeni ukusonteka ezibucayi unomphela, e ekubalweni isidingo ukuthatha esiphezulu umthwalo kuvunyelwe, kanye nemibandela ehlukahlukene sezulu yokusebenza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngisho inqubo design noma yiziphi izakhiwo ungaphakathi ukuthi kuyoba nomlilo amakilasi. Phela, ngisho ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa lodzingekako ukucacisa kungenzeka engcupheni nezindlela kufinyeleleke ukuze akuqede.

Akubona bonke ukuqonde ukuthi isakhiwo umlilo amakilasi hhayi kuphela kuxhomeke kulokho izinto ezisetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo noma isakhiwo slabs, ngisho sendlela oluvuthayo futhi evutha Kwasetshenziswani kule umhlobiso. Izindaba Digest ku abasafufusa inhlekelele ngenxa yanoma yisiphi kwezinkathi ezithile njalo uveza yokuthi iningi labantu amacala kuphakama lezi zinkinga kusukela ukuqhuma, futhi ikakhulukazi ezihlobana ukuqhuma igesi yasendlini. Kukhona nezinye izizathu eziningi, izibonelo zazo zingatholakala ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi kusukela ngalolo lapho amakilasi umlilo ahlukaniswe isakhiwo, kuncike ngqo lapho umuntu ngempela bazizwe bephephile, futhi lapho yena kunosongo ngisho kwabanye abantu, bophezela amaphutha ahlukahlukene.

Ezingeni yasendlini, konke cishe ukuqonda ukuthi kuyingozi isusa kuyinto Izintambo zikagesi ezisobala kanye zikagesi eziphezu kwamakhabethe kanye idivayisi Ukushisa okungathi uma engafanele noma operation ukunakekelwa kungenzeka ziholele umlilo. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi ezifana izimo kubangelwa ukunganaki okuthile noma ngobudedengu ngendlela efanayo indlela ngokuphazima enkulu yezimboni umlilo kungenzeka ngenxa ayilungile ukusonga zenkohlakalo oily zidwedwe.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo umlilo, ngokuvumelana asemthethweni Kwenziwa ngesisekelo zezici okuhleliwe. Abanaso zincike yimuphi izingozi okungahleliwe nokunganaki noma ohlose okubi phezu ingxenye yomuntu. Fire ingozi kukodwa isici umgomo okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze igweme ukuba kube khona umlilo, kanye ukuqhubeka imililo emikhulu.

Ezikhungweni zesimanje zokukhiqiza ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana ezihlukahlukene izinto, okuyinto, lapho exutshwe emoyeni avuse ingozi hhayi kuphela umlilo, kodwa ukuqhuma. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo amagesi ezivuthayo, kanye uketshezi ezivuthayo futhi oluvuthayo. A indima ekhethekile Kulokhu inikezwe compounds wezinto ezingaphili, okuhlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, nitric acid, umquba, soda, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Ukuthuthukiswa flammability ngezigaba sihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa, umsebenzi umjikelezo ohlinzekela khona ezivuthayo uthuli. Nge ukuthungela okusheshayo nabo abangazuza qhumisa. Hhayi amazinga nje zanamuhla futhi kaningi ziqala ukusebenzisa elithi kuhlanganiswe "alufakwa. '

isigaba

Ukusetshenziswa noma isitoreji ngaphakathi isikhala ezithile noma amabhomu izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile sihlinzekela division yabo ngezigaba komlilo ingozi. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange amahlanu.

Isigaba A

Isigaba A kuhlanganisa umlilo njengoba ukuqhuma kungenzeka yamagesi ahlukahlukene ezivuthayo noma yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula okungase ngokwabo parogazovozdushnye yakha inhlanganisela oluvuthayo. Umkhawulo flash iphuzu Izingxube ukuthi iwela kulesi sigaba ngokuhambisana imithetho, okungukuthi hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-28 ^{° C,} futhi ngenxa yalokho nomsebenzi we zokukhiqiza izindawo okungukuthi ngaphansi eduzane kweso, kanye sihlinzekela ukwamukelwa of njalo futhi ifike ngesikhathi zokuphepha izinyathelo.

Abahlukahlukene izinto futhi izinto ikani ezishile noma qhumisa uma ukusabela nomunye futhi zihlangana nomoya-mpilo noma amanzi, futhi isisekelo sokuthethelelwa flammability akhiwa Ngcono Isigaba A.

Isigaba B

Isigaba B inikeza umlilo njengoba ezinkulu ingozi factor umusi emoyeni noma uthuli emoyeni Izingxube lapho iphuzu flash mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 28 ° ^C. Lezi zakhiwo yokukhiqiza zinezikhathi yokuthi babangela umlilo kungenzeka noma ukuqhuma kukhona zonke izinhlobo uthuli ezivuthayo yemisipha, kanye yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula.

Isigaba B

Ngamandla abo, isigaba umlilo, unganikezi ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqhuma, zihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo. Isigaba B kufanele zabelwe ngokuyinhloko zokukhiqiza insita ahlukene asebenzisa izinto nonflammable noma oluvuthayo nezimpahla, abangekho esimweni okuqinile noma uketshezi. Noma yimuphi izinto futhi izinto okuyizinto amabhizinisi nge class ingozi, noma kunjalo, akufanele umthetho usongo ukuqhuma, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungenza kuphela niyishise khona ukuphendula umoya-mpilo, amanzi noma nomunye. Uma into sabelwe isigaba B ngomlilo, khona-ke kusho ukuthi ekuhanjisweni ketshezi ayibhekiseli owedlule izigaba ezimbili. Kuyinto isimo kuhle ezibalulekile - like izinto akufanele itholakale ku inkampani ngokuphelele.

Isigaba D

Yena sabelwe isakhiwo lapho umjikelezo zobuchwepheshe sihlinzekela ukucutshungulwa materials non-ezivuthayo futhi izinto. Kulokhu, lo isici lomlilo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi izinto okungezona ezivuthayo, ngokuba isimo lapho kushisa, noma noma ezibunjiwe, ihlaba umkhosi inhlansi, ilangabi noma ukushisa akhishwa imisebe yalo. Ukusetshenziswa fuel Esinye isizathu esenza into ethile okunikezwe isigaba D. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuba umkhuba kwenzeka ukuthi Insimu ukukhiqiza kabusha noma nokushiswa of yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula, amagesi noma ukudla okuqinile.

Isigaba D

Izigaba umlilo uqeda isigaba D. It kuhloswe kulabo izimboni lapho kudingeka izinto okungezona oluvuthayo kanye izinto esimweni abandayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona cishe akukho ingozi yomlilo inikezwe.

izinto eziyingozi

Fire isigaba iyisici esibalulekile. Ngokusho sichaza izidingo eziyisisekelo sokuhlelwa kanye nomklamo egumbini, kanye mode kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa into. isigaba Accounting wenziwa inqubo ukuhlela okukhethekile ukuvikelwa umlilo. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho imishini yayo kudingekile lobuchwepheshe. Isigaba umlilo ingozi futhi abeke izidingo ku imvelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezivuthayo endaweni ibhizinisi. Lesi sici buvezwa ukuhlelwa ukwakha izindlela zokuphepha ezidingekayo, kulawulwa ukuze esiqondile ukubekwa nomunye nezinye izinto inkampani, kanye izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo nge high umlilo okungenzeka.

izindawo eziyinhloko

Phakathi izinto lapho kukhona anda umlilo ingozi izakhiwo kufanele sifake hlangana okulandelako:

• zokuwuhluza ehlukahlukene ukukhiqizwa izindawo ezisebenza uginindela nephepha chemical umkhakha;
• amabhizinisi, lapho njengoba amandla noma izinto zokusetshenziswa yilezi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene uwoyela negesi ukucutshungulwa;
• uwoyela negesi amapayipi;
• nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba, okuyinto ukuthuthwa izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo noma kuqhume;
• Terminals ezikhethekile iziteshi refueling;
• zonke izinhlobo amabhizinisi embonini yezokudla;
• izinkampani ezisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene upende varnishes;
• emafektri lempi kanye nanoma yimuphi zezimboni, aqukethe izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo futhi kuqhume noma izinto.

zezimboni umlilo ingozi

Lilo ezahlukene izinkampani, kanye isimiso zanamuhla gesi izwe, e-obuqand iningi amacala zenzeka ngenxa ezihlukahlukene umonakalo e wiring, kanye amayunithi futhi imishini ngaphansi high voltage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga umlilo ingozi zone elinesimo ukungasebenzi okungenzeka Ukushisa izinhlelo, amaziko kanye amathangi equkethe uketshezi oluvutha kalula, futhi ezihlukahlukene nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo.

Yenqaba real Igumbi umlilo kungenzeka - nje ngokwanele ukuba kukhawulwe inani eliphelele kanyekanye esetshenziswa futhi agcinwe izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo noma izinto. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ekhethekile uphawu kanye nemishini. Fire izindawo kuyehla ilungiselelo ukudedelwa kwephutha ezihlukahlukene yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula. Futhi okufanele kunendima enhle ukufakwa imishini ekhethekile futhi izithiyo ukuthi ukuvala amathuba ukuchithwa kwezinto eziyingozi ekusakazekeni yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula uma kunengozi yomlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlisa umlilo ingozi ezindaweni kungaba ngezithukuthuku yokuhlanza njalo hhayi kuphela isakhiwo uqobo, kodwa futhi ukuxhumana kanye evele, kanye ngenxa ukulawulwa umsebenzi, okuyinto ubeka ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyingozi. Prevention kuhilela kokwenza izinyathelo ehlelekile tekusebenta, yezobuchwepheshe, yenhlangano nokuvikeleka ukuthi kudingeka ziqashwe nge ukuphathwa kwenkampani.

amakilasi

Ekugcineni, kuhle ukucabangela le kungenzeka umlilo ingozi amakilasi ngokuziqhathanisa sekushiwo izici ukukhiqizwa izindawo. Udinga ukuqonda kahle, ukuthi lo mqondo lihlukile izigaba ezibalwe ngenhla, amelela ingqikithi, izici ehlangene, kanye umlilo uqobo njengesici esibangela i real, ezisebenza endaweni ethile, futhi kuye ngokuthi version efakwe iziqondiso zokuphepha.

Class isikhala ngumqondo ayahambelana isigaba, okuyinto umehluko izakhiwo isici ku ingozi ezimweni abakuzo. Ukwahlukanisa lolu hlobo wenziwa ngabanye mayelana elementi ngamunye ohlelweni zokukhiqiza, futhi bebonke lazo zonke izingxenye zalo, okungase kuthinte ngokubukeka kungenzeka ukuqhubeka umlilo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko eziqanjwe umthetho osebenzayo, amakilasi eyahlukene izinto, imishini, izinto, izintambo, kanye izakhi ezihlukahlukene design.

Ngakho, uthuli ezivuthayo kungenziwa yizigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

• I esiyingozi kakhulu aerosols, okuyinto abe lokuhlushwa umkhawulo ephansi, elihambisana ingozi yangempela ukuthungela ezingeni engaphansi kuka 15 g ngalinye imitha cubic air. Ikakhulukazi, phakathi kwalezi izinto kungenziwa isehlane rosin, isibabule, Peat uthuli, naphthalene, futhi ebonite futhi isigayo uthuli.
• Explosive izidakamizwa aerosols, lapho umkhawulo engezansi emakamu kuyinto ezingeni of 15-65 amagremu ngamunye imitha cubic air. Ngo izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa aluminium powder, lignin, kanye ufulawa, slate uthuli hay.
• Ekilasini lesithathu kuhlanganisa izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo kakhulu - aerogels, lapho abaningi abasuka umkhawulo engezansi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 65 amagremu ngamunye imitha cubic umoya, futhi izinga lokushisa ukuthungela okungenani 250 ^C. Njengoba izibonelo izinto ezinjalo kungabangela ugwayi nokusanhlamvu ikheshi uthuli.
• Ekugcineni, ekilasini lesine umlilo kuhlanganisa aerogels nge NPKV ezingeni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 65 g / m ^3, futhi lapho flash iphuzu at 250 ° ^C. Amalungu ezivamile alesi sigaba kungenziwa ngokuthi sawdust ne-zinc uthuli.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu umqondo futhi ingozi ngezigaba inikezwe ahlukahlukene umlilo-ibhizinisi esishintshashintshayo. esishintshashintshayo okunjalo kuvame wazimisela isikhala esemgwaqweni endlini noma ngaphandle kwalo, okuyinto ngezikhathi ezithile noma njalo aphathwe ngezinto ezahlukene, nempahla oluvuthayo.